The microstructures of ZL201 alloy slurry prepared by near-liquidus electromagnetic casting (NLEMC), electromagnetic casting(EMC), and near-liquidus casting(NLC) were investigated by means of electron microscopy...The microstructures of ZL201 alloy slurry prepared by near-liquidus electromagnetic casting (NLEMC), electromagnetic casting(EMC), and near-liquidus casting(NLC) were investigated by means of electron microscopy and image analysis. Mechanical properties of as-cast alloys were determined. The results show that the NLEMC induces a fine, uniform, and equiaxed grain structure with a mean equal-area-circle grain diameter of 32.8μm. The as-cast aUoy has a hardness of HV122.8 and a tensite strength of 368MPa. Both of them are betterthan those of the alloys prepared by EMC and by NLC. The mechanism of grain refinement in the NLEMC alloy slurry was discussed.展开更多
With the aid of ANSYS software, the effect of different mould external part materials on magnetic flux density in the aluminum melt and magnetic field interaction of four coils applied with same currents were investig...With the aid of ANSYS software, the effect of different mould external part materials on magnetic flux density in the aluminum melt and magnetic field interaction of four coils applied with same currents were investigated. Calculating results showed that magnetic flux density in the aluminum melt was greatly improved and the magnetic field interaction among different coils was decreased when external part of mould is made of soft magnetic material. Based on the finding, a four-strand low-frequency electromagnetic casting 6063 aluminum alloy experiment was carried out in the laboratory . The experiment showed that the surface of the billet was smooth and had no exudations and cold shuts, the as-cast microstructures were fine, uniform, equiaxed, net-globular or globular under low-frequency electromagnetic field. The microstructure becomes finer with increased current value.展开更多
Results of magnetic field investigation in a Kaiser type caster show that magnetic induction decays rapidly on moving inward from the outer surface and is almost doubled near corner.In the presence of screenings magne...Results of magnetic field investigation in a Kaiser type caster show that magnetic induction decays rapidly on moving inward from the outer surface and is almost doubled near corner.In the presence of screenings magnetic field strength is attenuated near periphery,but it isn't influenced within the interior.The resultant electromagnetic pressure balances with static head of liquid column,i.e,the upper magnetic induction is smaller than the lower's.However»the maximum pressure moves downward about 1 cm from half height of inductor.展开更多
The relationship between electromagnetic frequency and microstructures of continuous casting aluminum alloys was studied. 7075 aluminum alloy ingot of 100 mm in diameter was produced by electromagnetic continuous cast...The relationship between electromagnetic frequency and microstructures of continuous casting aluminum alloys was studied. 7075 aluminum alloy ingot of 100 mm in diameter was produced by electromagnetic continuous casting process, the microstructures of as-cast ingot was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that electromagnetic frequency greatly influenced segregation and microstructures of as-cast ingot, and product quality can be guaranteed by the application of a proper frequency. Electromagnetic frequency plays a significant role in solute redistribution; low frequency is more efficient for promoting solution of alloying elements.展开更多
Abstraet:The semi-solid 6061 aluminum alloy castings with t'me equiaxed nondendritic grains are obtained by means of electromagnetic casting method.Appropriate casting technical parameters are casting temperature-...Abstraet:The semi-solid 6061 aluminum alloy castings with t'me equiaxed nondendritic grains are obtained by means of electromagnetic casting method.Appropriate casting technical parameters are casting temperature---720 ℃,casting speed---100 mm/min,cooling water amount---0.09 m^3/min.The temperature field in the electric stove reheated to the liquid-solid zone is homogeneus and the prope reheating temperature is 630 ℃.When the mould temperature is 300-500 ℃,the parts used in automobiles can be thixoformed successfully,its σ_b is 392 MPa,vigid 142.3 HV and δ_5 11.5%after T6 heat treatment.展开更多
A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to describe the interaction of the multiple physics fields during the conventional DC casting and LFEC (low frequency electromagnetic casting) process. The model i...A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to describe the interaction of the multiple physics fields during the conventional DC casting and LFEC (low frequency electromagnetic casting) process. The model is based on a combination of the commercial finite element package ANSYS and the commercial finite volume package FLUENT, with the former for the calculation of the electromagnetic field and the latter for the calculation of the magnetic driven fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification. Moreover, the model has been verified against the temperature measurements obtained from two 7XXX aluminum alloy billets of 200mm diameter, cast during the conventional DC casting and the LFEC casting processes. In addition, a measurement of the sump shape of the billets were carried out by using addition melting metal of Al-30%Cu alloy into the billets during casting process. There was a good agreement between the calculated results and the measured results. Further, comparison of the calculated results during the LFEC process with that during the conventional DC casting process indicated that velocity patterns, temperature profiles and the sump depth are strongly modified by the application of a low frequency electromagnetic field during the DC casting.展开更多
Heat transfer and deformation of initial solidification shell in soft contact continuous casting mold under high frequency electromagnetic field were analyzed using numerical simulation method; the relative electromag...Heat transfer and deformation of initial solidification shell in soft contact continuous casting mold under high frequency electromagnetic field were analyzed using numerical simulation method; the relative electromagnetic parameters were obtained from the previous studies. Owing to the induction heating of a high frequency electromagnetic field (20 kHz), the thickness of initial solidification shell decreases, and the temperature of strand surface and slit copper mold increases when compared with the case without the electromagnetic filed. The viscosity of flux de- creases because of the induction heating of the high frequency electromagnetic field, and the dimension of the flux channel increases with electromagnetic pressure; thus, the deformation behavior of initial solidification shell was different before and after the action of high frequency electromagnetic field. Furthermore, the abatement mechanism of oscillation marks under high frequency electromagnetic field was explained.展开更多
In the present research, microstructure refinement of a high-Nb TiAl alloy(Ti-48Al-8Nb-0.15B) was realized by means of the electromagnetic continuous casting(EMCC) technique. The microstructure of an ingot obtained by...In the present research, microstructure refinement of a high-Nb TiAl alloy(Ti-48Al-8Nb-0.15B) was realized by means of the electromagnetic continuous casting(EMCC) technique. The microstructure of an ingot obtained by EMCC was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). As compared with the raw as-cast al oy, the obtained EMCC alloy presented a much finer microstructure with lamellar colonies with a mean size of about 50-70 μm because the electromagnetic stirring broke initial dendrites and enhanced the heterogeneous nucleation. As the grains were refined, the properties of the TiAl alloy were improved significantly. This implies that the EMCC technique could offer the possibility of application for high-Nb TiAl alloys with a refined microstructure and excel ent properties to be used as a structural material.展开更多
In this paper, coupling the quasi-3D numerical simulation of electromagnetic field and the experiments of continuous casting with soft-contacted mould with some metals such as tin, aluminum, copper and steel, the elec...In this paper, coupling the quasi-3D numerical simulation of electromagnetic field and the experiments of continuous casting with soft-contacted mould with some metals such as tin, aluminum, copper and steel, the electromagnetic characteristics of continuous casting with soft-contacted mould is analyzed. It is shown that the electromagnetic pressure on the surface of billet is increasing with the rising of power frequency as a logarithmically parabolic function, with that of electric conductivity of billet as a power junction, and with that of the current in inductor as a parabolic junction.展开更多
Navier-Stokes equation and Lorentz force equation are used to calculate the fluid field of liquid metal of electromagnetic centrifugal casting (EMCC) in this paper. A field equation is given, which shows the azimuthal...Navier-Stokes equation and Lorentz force equation are used to calculate the fluid field of liquid metal of electromagnetic centrifugal casting (EMCC) in this paper. A field equation is given, which shows the azimuthal velocity closely relates to electrical conductivity, magnetic density, viscosity of liquid metal and radius of casting. The results show that the stationary magnetic field can effectively restrain the fluid flow and the relative velocity between liquid metal and casting mould and the velocity gradient at solid / liquid interface increases with rising magnetic density, which has a great effect on the solidification of liquid metal and crystal growth characteristics.展开更多
The research is motivated by the ongoing the electromagnetic continuous casting of molten metal. The revised k-ε model considering the effect of magnetic field application was derived. The specific model equations fo...The research is motivated by the ongoing the electromagnetic continuous casting of molten metal. The revised k-ε model considering the effect of magnetic field application was derived. The specific model equations for the electromagnetic braking were used to calculate the velocity distribution in the continuous casting mold of steel. The results show that the revised k-ε model considering the effect of magnetic field application tends to suppress the production of turbulence and difference between the conventional and revised k-e model is small.展开更多
We have experimentally determined the as-cast structures of semi-continuous casting 7075 aluminum alloy obtained in the pres-ence of dual-frequency electromagnetic field. Results suggest that the use of dual-frequency...We have experimentally determined the as-cast structures of semi-continuous casting 7075 aluminum alloy obtained in the pres-ence of dual-frequency electromagnetic field. Results suggest that the use of dual-frequency electromagnetic field during the semi-continuous casting process of 7075 aluminum alloy ingots reduces the thickness of the surface segregation layer, increases the height of the melt menis-cus, enhances the surface quality of the ingot, and changes the surface morphology of the melt pool. Moreover, low-frequency electromag-netic field was found to show the most obvious influence on improving the as-cast structure because of its high permeability in conductors.展开更多
In order to solve the mould filling problem of large thin walled aluminum alloy castings effectively, a new casting technology called electromagnetic die casting has been developed. Emphasis has laid on studying the m...In order to solve the mould filling problem of large thin walled aluminum alloy castings effectively, a new casting technology called electromagnetic die casting has been developed. Emphasis has laid on studying the mould filling ability and microstructure under the mentioned method. The results show that the mould filling ability of A357 is increasing continually with the increasing of the input voltage, that is, the magnetic induction intensity. The pressure head of the molten metal increases from the lowest one at the input of the mould to the highest one at the end of the mould while in a conventional mould the pressure head depends invariably on the sprue height. Under electromagnetic die casting, the grains of A357 alloy are refined, and the pattern of eutectic silicon of alloy changes from rough plate to smooth strip.展开更多
Strand electromagnetic stirring(S-EMS) and final electromagnetic stirring(F-EMS) are the main methods used to improve the center porosity and segregation for round blooms. To optimize the stirring conditions, nail...Strand electromagnetic stirring(S-EMS) and final electromagnetic stirring(F-EMS) are the main methods used to improve the center porosity and segregation for round blooms. To optimize the stirring conditions, nail shooting tests were conducted for three sections of large round blooms with diameters of ф380 mm, ф450 mm, and ф600 mm. Acid leaching and sulfur print tests were used to investigate the shell thickness. Based on the results of nail shooting tests, a mathematical model of solidification was established, and the variation of shell thickness and the central solid fraction were exactly calculated by the model. By taking all sections into account, the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS were optimized for each section. In the results, the macro-segregation of various sections is improved after the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS systems are changed.展开更多
The paper introduces the research and new development on soft-contacting electromagnetic continuous casting in Baosteel.At the year of 2008,Baosteel successfully completed the carbon steel SCEMCC industrial experiment...The paper introduces the research and new development on soft-contacting electromagnetic continuous casting in Baosteel.At the year of 2008,Baosteel successfully completed the carbon steel SCEMCC industrial experiment in a 6-strand curved type round billet caster.At the year of 2011,Baosteel selected another 3-strand curved billet caster. Baosteel successfully developed the SCEMCC mold for the first time to do the industrial production experiment for stainless steel round billet continuous casting.Then,in the same stainless steel caster,the square billet SCEMCC mold was successfully developed too.And at the beginning of the year 2012,the square billet SCEMCC of SUS304 and SUS303Cu was implemented up to now.It was proved the machine system was reliable for the long time production.The industrial experimental result shows the soft-contacting electromagnetic continuous casting can reduce the depth of oscillation mark from about 0.7mm to near zero.The SCEMCC billets without surface grinding were transferred to mill tubes,of which the quality is satisfied.展开更多
The effects of a low frequency electromagnetic field and a low frequency electromagnetic vibration field applied during DC casting of AZ80 Mg on microstructures and alloying element distribution in ingots were investi...The effects of a low frequency electromagnetic field and a low frequency electromagnetic vibration field applied during DC casting of AZ80 Mg on microstructures and alloying element distribution in ingots were investigated.The experiments were performed both in absence and in the presence of the magnetic fields.In DC casting,the ingot exhibited coarse microstructure and severe segregation of Al.In the presence of solo low frequency alternating magnetic field,namely LFEC,the grains of the ingot was effectively refined and the segregation of Al was significantly decreased.In LFEVC,namely low frequency electromagnetic vibration casting,the ingot were significantly refined and the segregation was suppressed.With increasing the vibration intensities,the grain refinement and segregation suppression were increased.展开更多
The numerical simulation of temperature field of electromagnetic casting (EMC) aluminum ingots is an effective and also necessary approach to study the temperature field and forecast the quality of EMC ingot, or optim...The numerical simulation of temperature field of electromagnetic casting (EMC) aluminum ingots is an effective and also necessary approach to study the temperature field and forecast the quality of EMC ingot, or optimize the technological parameters. In EMC, the alternating electromagnetic field can produce induced current and heat within the surface layer. To calculate the temperature field precisely, the induced heat should be taken into account. The induced heat has been coupled into the calculation formula of temperature field of unit volume per unit time, which provides a convenient and also precise method to calculate the temperature field. Besides, the effect of induced heat on the temperature field of ingot has been simulated and discussed. The results show that the induced heat has large influences on the height of liquid column and the surface temperature of ingot. [展开更多
The electrical parameters and power consumption in electromagnetic casting of aluminum ingots were calculated and discussed in detail. Moreover, the induced heat was calculated with the eddy current within the liquid ...The electrical parameters and power consumption in electromagnetic casting of aluminum ingots were calculated and discussed in detail. Moreover, the induced heat was calculated with the eddy current within the liquid column. It is found that the calculated values agree with the measured results. Once the inductor current was given, the magnetic flux density in electromagnetic casting could be calculated and the electromagnetic pressure could be obtained. The key to the EMC is the balance between the electromagnetic pressure and the metallostatic pressure. As the liquid column, controlled by the casting speed and pouring speed through a magnetic sensor, is kept away from the inductor, a gap forms linear relationship between the inductor and ingot. The bigger the current is, the smaller the ingot size is.[展开更多
The effect of external magnetic field on the solidification structure and impact toughness of high-speed steel(HSS)produced by electromagnetic centrifugal casting(EMCC)have been investigated.It was found that the soli...The effect of external magnetic field on the solidification structure and impact toughness of high-speed steel(HSS)produced by electromagnetic centrifugal casting(EMCC)have been investigated.It was found that the solidification structure could be improved effectively by electromagnetic stirring,which was characterized by elimination of the inclined columnar dendrites and refinement of the grain size.The results may be related to the changes of the fluid layers of liquid-solid phase interface.Moreover,the impact toughness of the test steel increased with the exciting current increasing from 12 to 18 A,but decreased when the current was above 18 A.SEM analysis showed that impact fracture surface was dimple fracture due to effect of the refined equiaxed grains when the current was 18 A,which was considered an important reason for the improvement of impact toughness.展开更多
In this paper,a new electromagnetic continuous casting process to prepare clad slab is presented.The influence of level direct current electromagnetic field on temperature and flow fields of the melt during the fabric...In this paper,a new electromagnetic continuous casting process to prepare clad slab is presented.The influence of level direct current electromagnetic field on temperature and flow fields of the melt during the fabrication of clad slab were numerically studied by the engineering software ANSYS and FLUENT.The results indicated that when the magnetic flux density(B)was 0.15 T,the impact velocity and distance of the flow to the narrow face and underside of the dividing plate decreased remarkably.So the flow impact to the liquid pool was reduced.At the same time,the high temperature zone of the melt moved away from the narrow face and the dividing plate,and distributed more uniformly. The wider semi-solid area next to the dividing plate was useful for 3003 and 4004 aluminum alloys to bond.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50374031)National High Technical Reasearch and Development Programme of China(No.2003AA305090)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20031011).
文摘The microstructures of ZL201 alloy slurry prepared by near-liquidus electromagnetic casting (NLEMC), electromagnetic casting(EMC), and near-liquidus casting(NLC) were investigated by means of electron microscopy and image analysis. Mechanical properties of as-cast alloys were determined. The results show that the NLEMC induces a fine, uniform, and equiaxed grain structure with a mean equal-area-circle grain diameter of 32.8μm. The as-cast aUoy has a hardness of HV122.8 and a tensite strength of 368MPa. Both of them are betterthan those of the alloys prepared by EMC and by NLC. The mechanism of grain refinement in the NLEMC alloy slurry was discussed.
文摘With the aid of ANSYS software, the effect of different mould external part materials on magnetic flux density in the aluminum melt and magnetic field interaction of four coils applied with same currents were investigated. Calculating results showed that magnetic flux density in the aluminum melt was greatly improved and the magnetic field interaction among different coils was decreased when external part of mould is made of soft magnetic material. Based on the finding, a four-strand low-frequency electromagnetic casting 6063 aluminum alloy experiment was carried out in the laboratory . The experiment showed that the surface of the billet was smooth and had no exudations and cold shuts, the as-cast microstructures were fine, uniform, equiaxed, net-globular or globular under low-frequency electromagnetic field. The microstructure becomes finer with increased current value.
基金Supported by the National Doctoral Program Fund of the State Education Committee of Chinathe key program of the 8th Five-Year Plan of Chinathe Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province。
文摘Results of magnetic field investigation in a Kaiser type caster show that magnetic induction decays rapidly on moving inward from the outer surface and is almost doubled near corner.In the presence of screenings magnetic field strength is attenuated near periphery,but it isn't influenced within the interior.The resultant electromagnetic pressure balances with static head of liquid column,i.e,the upper magnetic induction is smaller than the lower's.However»the maximum pressure moves downward about 1 cm from half height of inductor.
基金This research was supported by Major State Basic Research Projects of China, Grant No.:G1999064905 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.59974009.
文摘The relationship between electromagnetic frequency and microstructures of continuous casting aluminum alloys was studied. 7075 aluminum alloy ingot of 100 mm in diameter was produced by electromagnetic continuous casting process, the microstructures of as-cast ingot was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that electromagnetic frequency greatly influenced segregation and microstructures of as-cast ingot, and product quality can be guaranteed by the application of a proper frequency. Electromagnetic frequency plays a significant role in solute redistribution; low frequency is more efficient for promoting solution of alloying elements.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 51174058) National 863 program of China (No 2009AA03Z534)
文摘Abstraet:The semi-solid 6061 aluminum alloy castings with t'me equiaxed nondendritic grains are obtained by means of electromagnetic casting method.Appropriate casting technical parameters are casting temperature---720 ℃,casting speed---100 mm/min,cooling water amount---0.09 m^3/min.The temperature field in the electric stove reheated to the liquid-solid zone is homogeneus and the prope reheating temperature is 630 ℃.When the mould temperature is 300-500 ℃,the parts used in automobiles can be thixoformed successfully,its σ_b is 392 MPa,vigid 142.3 HV and δ_5 11.5%after T6 heat treatment.
文摘A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to describe the interaction of the multiple physics fields during the conventional DC casting and LFEC (low frequency electromagnetic casting) process. The model is based on a combination of the commercial finite element package ANSYS and the commercial finite volume package FLUENT, with the former for the calculation of the electromagnetic field and the latter for the calculation of the magnetic driven fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification. Moreover, the model has been verified against the temperature measurements obtained from two 7XXX aluminum alloy billets of 200mm diameter, cast during the conventional DC casting and the LFEC casting processes. In addition, a measurement of the sump shape of the billets were carried out by using addition melting metal of Al-30%Cu alloy into the billets during casting process. There was a good agreement between the calculated results and the measured results. Further, comparison of the calculated results during the LFEC process with that during the conventional DC casting process indicated that velocity patterns, temperature profiles and the sump depth are strongly modified by the application of a low frequency electromagnetic field during the DC casting.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (59734080)
文摘Heat transfer and deformation of initial solidification shell in soft contact continuous casting mold under high frequency electromagnetic field were analyzed using numerical simulation method; the relative electromagnetic parameters were obtained from the previous studies. Owing to the induction heating of a high frequency electromagnetic field (20 kHz), the thickness of initial solidification shell decreases, and the temperature of strand surface and slit copper mold increases when compared with the case without the electromagnetic filed. The viscosity of flux de- creases because of the induction heating of the high frequency electromagnetic field, and the dimension of the flux channel increases with electromagnetic pressure; thus, the deformation behavior of initial solidification shell was different before and after the action of high frequency electromagnetic field. Furthermore, the abatement mechanism of oscillation marks under high frequency electromagnetic field was explained.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51171053 and No.51471062)
文摘In the present research, microstructure refinement of a high-Nb TiAl alloy(Ti-48Al-8Nb-0.15B) was realized by means of the electromagnetic continuous casting(EMCC) technique. The microstructure of an ingot obtained by EMCC was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). As compared with the raw as-cast al oy, the obtained EMCC alloy presented a much finer microstructure with lamellar colonies with a mean size of about 50-70 μm because the electromagnetic stirring broke initial dendrites and enhanced the heterogeneous nucleation. As the grains were refined, the properties of the TiAl alloy were improved significantly. This implies that the EMCC technique could offer the possibility of application for high-Nb TiAl alloys with a refined microstructure and excel ent properties to be used as a structural material.
文摘In this paper, coupling the quasi-3D numerical simulation of electromagnetic field and the experiments of continuous casting with soft-contacted mould with some metals such as tin, aluminum, copper and steel, the electromagnetic characteristics of continuous casting with soft-contacted mould is analyzed. It is shown that the electromagnetic pressure on the surface of billet is increasing with the rising of power frequency as a logarithmically parabolic function, with that of electric conductivity of billet as a power junction, and with that of the current in inductor as a parabolic junction.
文摘Navier-Stokes equation and Lorentz force equation are used to calculate the fluid field of liquid metal of electromagnetic centrifugal casting (EMCC) in this paper. A field equation is given, which shows the azimuthal velocity closely relates to electrical conductivity, magnetic density, viscosity of liquid metal and radius of casting. The results show that the stationary magnetic field can effectively restrain the fluid flow and the relative velocity between liquid metal and casting mould and the velocity gradient at solid / liquid interface increases with rising magnetic density, which has a great effect on the solidification of liquid metal and crystal growth characteristics.
文摘The research is motivated by the ongoing the electromagnetic continuous casting of molten metal. The revised k-ε model considering the effect of magnetic field application was derived. The specific model equations for the electromagnetic braking were used to calculate the velocity distribution in the continuous casting mold of steel. The results show that the revised k-ε model considering the effect of magnetic field application tends to suppress the production of turbulence and difference between the conventional and revised k-e model is small.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51004036)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N120309002)
文摘We have experimentally determined the as-cast structures of semi-continuous casting 7075 aluminum alloy obtained in the pres-ence of dual-frequency electromagnetic field. Results suggest that the use of dual-frequency electromagnetic field during the semi-continuous casting process of 7075 aluminum alloy ingots reduces the thickness of the surface segregation layer, increases the height of the melt menis-cus, enhances the surface quality of the ingot, and changes the surface morphology of the melt pool. Moreover, low-frequency electromag-netic field was found to show the most obvious influence on improving the as-cast structure because of its high permeability in conductors.
文摘In order to solve the mould filling problem of large thin walled aluminum alloy castings effectively, a new casting technology called electromagnetic die casting has been developed. Emphasis has laid on studying the mould filling ability and microstructure under the mentioned method. The results show that the mould filling ability of A357 is increasing continually with the increasing of the input voltage, that is, the magnetic induction intensity. The pressure head of the molten metal increases from the lowest one at the input of the mould to the highest one at the end of the mould while in a conventional mould the pressure head depends invariably on the sprue height. Under electromagnetic die casting, the grains of A357 alloy are refined, and the pattern of eutectic silicon of alloy changes from rough plate to smooth strip.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51404018)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy Foundation(No.41614014)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2015BAF30B01)
文摘Strand electromagnetic stirring(S-EMS) and final electromagnetic stirring(F-EMS) are the main methods used to improve the center porosity and segregation for round blooms. To optimize the stirring conditions, nail shooting tests were conducted for three sections of large round blooms with diameters of ф380 mm, ф450 mm, and ф600 mm. Acid leaching and sulfur print tests were used to investigate the shell thickness. Based on the results of nail shooting tests, a mathematical model of solidification was established, and the variation of shell thickness and the central solid fraction were exactly calculated by the model. By taking all sections into account, the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS were optimized for each section. In the results, the macro-segregation of various sections is improved after the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS systems are changed.
文摘The paper introduces the research and new development on soft-contacting electromagnetic continuous casting in Baosteel.At the year of 2008,Baosteel successfully completed the carbon steel SCEMCC industrial experiment in a 6-strand curved type round billet caster.At the year of 2011,Baosteel selected another 3-strand curved billet caster. Baosteel successfully developed the SCEMCC mold for the first time to do the industrial production experiment for stainless steel round billet continuous casting.Then,in the same stainless steel caster,the square billet SCEMCC mold was successfully developed too.And at the beginning of the year 2012,the square billet SCEMCC of SUS304 and SUS303Cu was implemented up to now.It was proved the machine system was reliable for the long time production.The industrial experimental result shows the soft-contacting electromagnetic continuous casting can reduce the depth of oscillation mark from about 0.7mm to near zero.The SCEMCC billets without surface grinding were transferred to mill tubes,of which the quality is satisfied.
基金This work is financially supported by the Emphasis Project Fund of National Eleven Five-Year Scientific and Technical Support Plans ( No 2006BAE04B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of Chi-na ( No 50574028)+1 种基金the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No B07015) the Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project,Ministry of Education of China(No 704015)
文摘The effects of a low frequency electromagnetic field and a low frequency electromagnetic vibration field applied during DC casting of AZ80 Mg on microstructures and alloying element distribution in ingots were investigated.The experiments were performed both in absence and in the presence of the magnetic fields.In DC casting,the ingot exhibited coarse microstructure and severe segregation of Al.In the presence of solo low frequency alternating magnetic field,namely LFEC,the grains of the ingot was effectively refined and the segregation of Al was significantly decreased.In LFEVC,namely low frequency electromagnetic vibration casting,the ingot were significantly refined and the segregation was suppressed.With increasing the vibration intensities,the grain refinement and segregation suppression were increased.
文摘The numerical simulation of temperature field of electromagnetic casting (EMC) aluminum ingots is an effective and also necessary approach to study the temperature field and forecast the quality of EMC ingot, or optimize the technological parameters. In EMC, the alternating electromagnetic field can produce induced current and heat within the surface layer. To calculate the temperature field precisely, the induced heat should be taken into account. The induced heat has been coupled into the calculation formula of temperature field of unit volume per unit time, which provides a convenient and also precise method to calculate the temperature field. Besides, the effect of induced heat on the temperature field of ingot has been simulated and discussed. The results show that the induced heat has large influences on the height of liquid column and the surface temperature of ingot. [
文摘The electrical parameters and power consumption in electromagnetic casting of aluminum ingots were calculated and discussed in detail. Moreover, the induced heat was calculated with the eddy current within the liquid column. It is found that the calculated values agree with the measured results. Once the inductor current was given, the magnetic flux density in electromagnetic casting could be calculated and the electromagnetic pressure could be obtained. The key to the EMC is the balance between the electromagnetic pressure and the metallostatic pressure. As the liquid column, controlled by the casting speed and pouring speed through a magnetic sensor, is kept away from the inductor, a gap forms linear relationship between the inductor and ingot. The bigger the current is, the smaller the ingot size is.[
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51071136)
文摘The effect of external magnetic field on the solidification structure and impact toughness of high-speed steel(HSS)produced by electromagnetic centrifugal casting(EMCC)have been investigated.It was found that the solidification structure could be improved effectively by electromagnetic stirring,which was characterized by elimination of the inclined columnar dendrites and refinement of the grain size.The results may be related to the changes of the fluid layers of liquid-solid phase interface.Moreover,the impact toughness of the test steel increased with the exciting current increasing from 12 to 18 A,but decreased when the current was above 18 A.SEM analysis showed that impact fracture surface was dimple fracture due to effect of the refined equiaxed grains when the current was 18 A,which was considered an important reason for the improvement of impact toughness.
文摘In this paper,a new electromagnetic continuous casting process to prepare clad slab is presented.The influence of level direct current electromagnetic field on temperature and flow fields of the melt during the fabrication of clad slab were numerically studied by the engineering software ANSYS and FLUENT.The results indicated that when the magnetic flux density(B)was 0.15 T,the impact velocity and distance of the flow to the narrow face and underside of the dividing plate decreased remarkably.So the flow impact to the liquid pool was reduced.At the same time,the high temperature zone of the melt moved away from the narrow face and the dividing plate,and distributed more uniformly. The wider semi-solid area next to the dividing plate was useful for 3003 and 4004 aluminum alloys to bond.