Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field on the surface quality of 7050 aluminum alloy ingots during the hot-top casting process

To improve the quality of 7050 aluminum alloy ingots, low-frequency electromagnetic （LFE） field was applied during the conventional hot-top casting process. Macrostructures and microstructures of the ingots by the conventional and LFE hot-top casting processes were studied. The experimental results show that when the LFE field is turn off during the hot-top casting process, cold folding appears, and the as-cast structure becomes very coarse. Additionally, the thickness of the shell zone is much thinner during the low-frequency electromagnetic hot-top casting process than that during the conventional hot-top casting process. Some reasons for low-frequency electromagnetic field improving the surface quality, refining the structure of the ingot, and minimizing the thickness of the shell zone have been studied.

Effects of alternative electromagnetic field on surface tension and filling ability of molten metal

Surface tension and filling ability of molten metal play an important role on the shaping of the molten metal. The surface tension was calculated from wetting angles of the molten metal by the sessile drop method. The specimen for filling ability was designed and the filling ability experiments under the alternative electromagnetic field were performed. The results show that the intensity and frequency of the alternative electromagnetic field have significant effects on the surface tension of the molten metal. The surface tension of Al-6%Si alloy decreases with increasing the intensity of the electromagnetic field. For pure Sn, the surface tension decreases gradually when the frequency of electromagnetic field is reduced. The filling ability is improved by applying the alternative electromagnetic field.

Analytical calculation of electromagnetic, torque for surface mounted permanent magnet brushless motors

With the air gap magnetic field distribution of surface mounted permanent magnet （PM） motors obtained using an analytical technique, the instantaneous electromagnetic torque and its corresponding components are investigated with the Maxwell stress tensor method. Accurate results can easily be achieved using the proposed method without using the tedious finite element analysis （FEA）. In this paper, the electromagnetic torque of a surface mounted PM motor with two phases energized is decomposed into four torque components. This technique is useful not only for the design and optimization of the permanent magnet motor, but also for the choice of control strategy.

Electromagnetic continuous casting by imposing multi-electromagnetic field

In order to obtain cast metal of high quality, an investigation was carried out by simultaneous imposition of multi electromagnetic fields from the outside of a cold crucible copper mold. Sn 4.5%Pb as a simulator of high melting point metal was continuously cast under different conditions. The results show that multi electromagnetic fields can eliminate surface defects, and coarse columnar grains of the solidification structure is turned into equiaxed crystal with the increase of magnetic flux density. Moreover, finer equiaxed crystal structure is obtained when rapidly solidified sheet is fed into the mold during continuous casting.[

Solidification of Al alloys under electromagnetic field

New theories and technology in the electromagnetic field were put forward about DC casting of Al alloys, including the fundamental research works, i.e, effects of the electromagnetic field on solidus and liquidus, macrosegregation of the main alloying elements, microstructures, content of alloying elements in grains and grain size after solidification under electromagnetic field, and also including a new process DC casting under low frequency electromagnetic field(LFEMC), which can refine microstructure, eliminate macrosegregation, increase the content of alloying elements within grains, decrease the residual stress, avoid cracks and improve surface quality, and another new process DC casting under low frequency electromagnetic vibration(LFEVC), which is a high effective method for grain refining.

Complementing the Lagrangian Density of the E. M. Field and the Surface Integral of the p-v Vector Product

Considering the Lagrangian density of the electromagnetic field, a 4 × 4 transformation matrix is found which can be used to include two of the symmetrized Maxwell’s equations as one of the Euler-Lagrange equations of the complete Lagrangian density. The 4 × 4 transformation matrix introduces newly defined vector products. In a Theorem the surface integral of one of the newly defined vector products is shown to be reduced to a line integral.

Effect of combined electromagnetic fields on surface quality and structure of a HDC casting 5182 Al alloy ingot

5182 Al alloy ingots with the diameters of 100 mm are produced by conventional and combined electromagnetic fields （CEMF） horizontal direction chill （HDC） cast- ing process. The effect of CEMF on the ingot surface quality and floating grains is investigated. The results show that the CEMF is effective in reducing the segregation layer in both top and bottom sub-surfaces. Big floating grains with coarse dendrite arms mainly distribute in the crescent-shaped area near the bottom in the conven- tional HDC casting ingot. With the application of the CEMF, they disappear in the whole cross section of the HDC casting ingot and the equiaxed grains are significantly refined.

Effects of electromagnetic field and lubricate condition on the surface quality of magnesium alloy billet during LFEC processing

The microstructures of the magnesium billets could be improved markedly by low-frequency electro-magnetic casting (LFEC) processing. In fact, the low-frequency electromagnetic field (LFEF) also has favorite effect on the surface quality of billet. However, few public reports on the surface quality of LFEC magnesium billets could be found. Therefore, a new crystallizer with a metal internal sleeve to-gether with a kind of lubricant was designed aiming at lowing surface turning quantity, and the effects of casting velocity, electromagnetic condition and lubrication on the surface quality of magnesium billets were investigated. The results indicate that LFEF together with the lubricate condition would be responsible for the surface quality of the billets, and the high surface quality billets could be achieved by optimizing the casting conditions.

The Effect of the Combination of Electromagnetic Field on the Surface Quality and Inner Structure of HDC Casting Al 3004 Ingot

The combination of electromagnetic field is applied in the Horizontal Direct Chill(HDC)casting process to produce 3004 aluminum alloy ingot.The effect of combination of electromagnetic field on the ingot surface quality and inner structure was investigated by macro and micro-structure observation.The results show that the combination of electromagnetic field can improve the ingot surface quality and inner structure effectively.The thickness of segregation layer decreased with the application of combination of electromagnetic field.In addition,the combination of electromagnetic field can effectively improve the as-casting structure.Under the function of combination of electromagnetic field,coarse columnar grains transfer to fine equiaxed grains.

Non-Monochromatic Electromagnetic Radiation of Inhomogeneous Media

A coordinated physicomathematical model for the propagation of a soliton-like electromagnetic pulse in a heterogeneous medium is developed in the presence of strong discontinuities in the electromagnetic field. The model is based on the reduction of Maxwell’s equations to the well-studied wave equation. When the electromagnetic pulse was specified, its amplitude modulation was taken into account, as was the nonstationary broadening of the spectral line. Conditions for matching the momentum for the first initial boundary-value problem are obtained. The time dispersion of the electrical induction is taken into account in terms of the function of signal conditioning which takes account of the broadening of its spectral line and integration over the continuous spectrum. With this approach, it is not necessary to neglect spatial derivatives, and also to use spatial nonlocal relations to take account of the effect of surface charge, surface current, and spatial dispersion of electrical induction at the interfaces of adjacent media.

Selective synthesis of three-dimensional ZnO@Ag/SiO2@Ag nanorod arrays as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates with tunable interior dielectric layer

We describe the synthesis of three-dimensional(3D) multilayer ZnO@Ag/SiO2@Ag nanorod arrays by the physico–chemical method. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) performance of the 3D multilayer Zn O@Ag/SiO2@Ag nanorod arrays is studied by varying the thickness of dielectric layer SiO2 and outer-layer noble Ag. The 3D Zn O@Ag/SiO2@Ag nanorod arrays create a huge number of SERS "hot spots" that mainly contribute to the high SERS sensitivity. The great enhancement of SERS results from the electron transfer between ZnO and Ag and different electromagnetic enhancements of Ag nanoparticles(NPs) with different thicknesses. Through the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) theoretical simulation, the enhancement of SERS signal can be ascribed to a strong electric field enhancement produced in the 3D framework. The simplicity and generality of our method offer great advantages for further understanding the SERS mechanism induced by the surface plasmon resonance(SPR) effect.

响应面法优化冷冻鸡血豆腐的制备工艺

为使肉鸡副产物之一鸡血高效利用。以新鲜鸡血为主要原料,采用低场核磁不易流动水峰面积为评价标准,通过添加不同品种与浓度的抗冻改良剂对冷冻鸡血豆腐中不易流动水峰面积影响的单因素实验,再结合响应面设计优化冷冻鸡血豆腐的制备工艺。进一步以失水率、质构、色泽指标对优化的冷冻鸡血豆腐的品质进行分析,为开发冷冻鸡血豆腐产品提供科学依据。结果表明,冷冻鸡血豆腐优化制备工艺为:添加脂酰乳酸钠0.1%,海藻酸钾0.1%,木薯变性淀粉2%。在此工艺条件下,冷冻鸡血豆腐的低场核磁不易流动水峰面积为2143,与空白组和其他优化组相比不易流动水峰面积最大,故保水效果最好。优化制备的冷冻鸡血豆腐的硬度、咀嚼性、凝胶性以及亮度都显著(P<0.05)高于空白组(其中硬度是空白组的17倍,亮度的是空白组的1.13倍)。因此,冷冻鸡血豆腐的制备工艺可显著提高解冻后鸡血豆腐的品质,可促进肉鸡副产物高值化产品的开发。

脉冲电磁场联合双膦酸盐对绝经后骨质疏松症患者心理健康和生活质量的影响

目的:观察脉冲电磁场联合双膦酸盐对绝经后骨质疏松症患者心理健康和生活质量的影响。方法:选取2022年10月—2023年5月南昌市洪都中医院收治的90例绝经后骨质疏松症患者为研究对象,采用随机单盲、平行对照的研究方法。将患者随机分为三组,各30例。A组给予低频脉冲电磁场联合伊班膦酸钠治疗,B组采用低频脉冲电磁场治疗,C组采用伊班膦酸钠治疗,三组均连续治疗3个月。比较三组性激素、骨密度、骨代谢指标、心理状态、疼痛程度、生活质量及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后三组髋部及腰椎骨密度均提高,且A组高于B组、C组(P<0.05);治疗后三组β-胶原降解产物(β-CTX)、总Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽(T-PⅠNP)均降低,A组低于B组、C组,骨钙素(OCN)、25-羟维生素D均升高,A组高于B组、C组(P<0.05);治疗后三组焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均降低,A组低于B组、C组(P<0.05);治疗后,三组健康调查量表36(SF-36)各维度评分均提高,且A组高于B组、C组(P<0.05);三组治疗期间均未见严重不良反应。结论:脉冲电磁场联合双膦酸盐治疗可调节绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨代谢指标,提高骨密度,缓解骨痛,改善心理状况,提升生活质量,且治疗安全性较高。

四川盆地蓬莱气区近地表Q场求取及应用

近地表吸收衰减会严重降低地震资料的分辨率,利用微测井资料对近地表吸收结构进行估算,获得表层介质品质因子Q值,再进行反Q滤波补偿,可实现高保真、高分辨率的“双高”处理目的。为此,提出一种改进的谱比法对单井微测井数据进行Q值求取,然后通过拟合表层速度与Q值关系,将近地表速度(V)场转换成近地表Q场。四川盆地的表层较薄,层析反演的近地表速度场深度采样间隔为10 m,难以反映近地表厚度为几米的表层变化。为此,首先结合双井微测井数据的多炮拟合算法,求取浅层比较薄的表层等效Q值;其次结合地面地震的振幅及旅行时信息求取表层的相对Q场;然后用双井微测井求得的绝对Q值对相对Q场进行标定;最后将该表层平面Q场镶嵌在用Q-V拟合关系转换的近地表Q场的浅层,得到该工区优化的近地表Q场,用于地震资料的近地表Q补偿,从而达到拓宽频带、提高地震资料的分辨率的目的。

Performance of the Large Field of View Airborne Infrared Scanner and its application potential in land surface temperature retrieval

The Large Field of View Airborne Infrared Scanner is a newly developed multi-spectral instrument that collects images from the near-infrared to long-wave infrared channels.Its data can be used for land surface temperature(LST)retrieval and environmental monitoring.Before data application,quality assessment is an essential procedure for a new instrument.In this paper,based on the data collected by the scanner near the Yellow River in Henan Province,the geometric and radiometric qualities of the images are first evaluated.The absolute geolocation accuracy of the ten bands of the scanner is approximately 5.1 m.The ground sampling distance is found to be varied with the whisk angles of the scanner and the spatial resolution of the images.The band-to-band registration accuracy between band one and the other nine bands is approximately 0.25 m.The length and angle deformations of the ten bands are approximately 0.67%and 0.3°,respectively.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and relative radiometric calibration accuracy of bands 4,9,and 10 are relatively better than those of the other bands.Secondly,the radiative transfer equation(RTE)method is used to retrieve the LST from the data of the scanner.Measurements of in situ samples are collected to evaluate the retrieved LST.Neglecting the samples with unreasonable retrieved LST,the bias and RMSE between in situ LST measured by CE312 radiometer and retrieved LST are−0.22 K and 0.94 K,and the bias and RMSE are 0.27 K and 1.59 K for the InfReC R500-D thermal imager,respectively.Overall,the images of the Large Field of View Airborne Infrared Scanner yield a relatively satisfactory accuracy for both LST retrieval and geometric and radiometric qualities.

EFFECT OF INTERMITTENT HIGH FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD ON INITIAL SOLIDIFICATION IN CONTINUOUS CASTING

Contacting state between molten metal and a mold and initial solidification process of continuously cast metals can be controlled by imposing an intermittent magnetic field.In this study, effect of the intermittent magnetic field on the initial solidification ofcontinuoasly cast metals was investigated by measuring the temperature distribution in the melt pool and the initial solidification starting position of shells. It was found that under the condition with intermittent magnetic field, the melt near meniscns is in slow cooling state, the initial solidification starting position descends, initial solidification shell thickens and the liquid-solid interface becomes smooth.

Rapid air film continuous casting of aluminum alloy using static magnetic field

The influences of the cooling style and static magnetic field on the air film casting process were investigated. Ingots of 6063 aluminum alloy were produced by AIRSOL VEIL casting with double-layer cooling water and static magnetic field. Surface segregation, hot crack and variation of solute content along the radius direction of ingot were examined. The results showed that double-layer cooling water can improve the surface quality and avoid of hot crack, which created conditions to increase the casting speed. The electromagnetic casting process can effectively improve the surface quality in high speed casting process, and static magnetic field has a great influence on solute distribution along the radius direction of ingot.

潮湿颗粒电解质电化学机械抛光铜工件的接触特性研究

潮湿颗粒电解质电化学机械抛光(Moist particle electrolyte electrochemical mechanical polishing,MPEECMP)作为新兴技术,仍存在难以获得高表面质量的问题。为解决该问题,深入研究电解质颗粒与工件的接触特性,采用离散元仿真软件Altair EDEM探究了工件倾斜角、转速对接触数量、接触力的影响规律,并进行MPE-ECMP工艺试验。研究结果表明,倾斜角为30°时,单位时间内电解质颗粒与工件的接触数量最多,且切向力最大,为3.38 mN;在90°时,切向力最小,为1.21 mN。随着工件转速增大,单位时间内电解质颗粒与工件的接触数量变少,电解质颗粒与工件接触的法向力、切向力呈增大趋势。当抛光电位(vs.Hg/Hg_(2)SO_(4))为0.8 V,工件倾斜角为30°,抛光1 h,表面粗糙度从S_(a)433.51 nm降低到S_(a)22.43 nm,降低了94.8%。结果证明了工件倾斜角、转速的调整可有效提高MPE-ECMP的抛光精度,表面粗糙度的降低是由接触数量及接触力共同决定的,EDEM可有效模拟电解质颗粒运动的流态特性,为MPE-ECMP的进一步研究奠定了基础。

悬浮区熔法中线圈中心厚度对电磁场的影响

为提高悬浮区熔(FZ)法的成晶率,使用模拟计算软件深入研究FZ硅单晶的生长过程。本文通过Comsol Multiphysics软件模拟FZ炉内的电磁场,分析不同线圈中心厚度对于电磁场的影响。随着线圈中心厚度增加,熔化的多晶硅表面电磁能量减小,而熔体自由表面电磁能量增加。如果线圈中心厚度过小,较小熔体自由表面电磁能量会导致穿过线圈的多晶硅棒中心区域不熔化;如果线圈中心厚度过大,较小熔化的多晶硅表面电磁能量使熔化的多晶硅减少,引起熔体自由表面形状改变。之后,本文使用中心厚度为1 mm、1.5 mm和2 mm线圈生长6英寸硅单晶,发现线圈中心厚度为1.5 mm时,线圈产生的电磁场更有利于硅单晶生长。