Hybrid Simulation of ±500 kV HVDC Power Transmission Project Based on Advanced Digital Power System Simulator

In order to effectively imitate the dynamic operation characteristics of the HVDC （high voltage direct current） power transmission system at a real ±500kV HVDC transmission project, the electromechanical-electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation was carried out based on advanced digital power system simulator （ADPSS）. In the simulation analysis, the built hybrid model＇s dynamic response outputs under three different fault conditions are considered, and by comparing with the selected fault recording waveforms, the validities of the simulation waveforms are estimated qualitatively. It can be ascertained that the hybrid simulation model has the ability to describe the HVDC system＇s dynamic change trends well under some special fault conditions.

Dynamic phasor-based hybrid simulation for multi-inverter grid-connected system

To realize the efficient transient simulation of a grid-connected power generation system based on multiple inverters, this paper proposes a hybrid simulation method integrating the models of electromagnetic transient and dynamic phasors. Based on a demonstration of the concepts and properties of dynamic phasors, the models of single-phase and three-phase inverters described by dynamic phasors are established first. Considering the numerical compatibility problem between dynamic phasors and instantaneous values, an interface scheme between dynamic phasors and instantaneous values is designed, and the efficiency and precision differences of various transformation methods are compared in detail.Finally, by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink, a hybrid simulation platform of a multi-inverter grid-connected system is built, and the efficiency and accuracy of the hybrid simulation are validated via comparison with the full electromagnetic transient simulation.

A comprehensive fluid-solid coupling dynamic simulation for spatiotemporal distribution of regression rate in hybrid rocket motors

The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the regression rate are crucial aspects of the research on Hybrid Rocket Motor(HRM). This study presents a pioneering effort in achieving a comprehensive numerical simulation of fluid dynamics and heat transfer in both the fluid and solid regions throughout the entire operation of an HRM. To accomplish this, a dynamic grid technique that incorporates fluid–solid coupling is utilized. To validate the precision of the numerical simulations, a firing test is conducted, with embedded thermocouple probes being used to measure the inner temperature of the fuel grain. The temperature variations in the solid fuel obtained from both experiment and simulations show good agreement. The maximum combustion temperature and average thrust obtained from the simulations are found to deviate from the experimental results by only 3.3% and 2.4%, respectively. Thus, it can be demonstrated that transient numerical simulations accurately capture the fluid–solid coupling characteristics and transient regression rate. The dynamic simulation results of inner flow field and solid region throughout the entire working stage reveal that the presence of vortices enhances the blending of combustion gases and improves the regression rate at both the front and rear ends of the fuel grain. In addition, oscillations of the regression rate obtained in the simulation can also be well corresponded with the corrugated surface observed in the experiment. Furthermore, the zero-dimension regression rate formula and the formula describing the axial location dependence of the regression rate are fitted from the simulation results, with the corresponding coefficients of determination(R^(2)) of 0.9765 and 0.9298, respectively.This research serves as a reference for predicting the performance of HRM with gas oxygen and polyethylene, and presents a credible way for investigating the spatiotemporal distribution of the regression rate.

Transient simulation of regression rate on thrust regulation process in hybrid rocket motor

The main goal of this paper is to study the characteristics of regression rate of solid grain during thrust regulation process. For this purpose, an unsteady numerical model of regression rate is established. Gas–solid coupling is considered between the solid grain surface and combustion gas.Dynamic mesh is used to simulate the regression process of the solid fuel surface. Based on this model, numerical simulations on a H2O2/HTPB（hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene） hybrid motor have been performed in the flow control process. The simulation results show that under the step change of the oxidizer mass flow rate condition, the regression rate cannot reach a stable value instantly because the flow field requires a short time period to adjust. The regression rate increases with the linear gain of oxidizer mass flow rate, and has a higher slope than the relative inlet function of oxidizer flow rate. A shorter regulation time can cause a higher regression rate during regulation process. The results also show that transient calculation can better simulate the instantaneous regression rate in the operation process.

Analysis and Optimization of Transient Mode Switching Behavior for Power Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Clutch Collaboration

The power split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)adopts a power coupling configuration featuring dual planetary gearsets and multiple clutches,enabling diverse operational modes through clutch engagement and disengagement.The multi-clutch configuration usually involves the collaboration of two clutches during the transient mode switching process,thereby substantially elevating control complexity.This study focuses on power split HEVs that integrate multi-clutch mechanisms and investigates how different clutch collaboration manners impact the characteristics of transient mode switching.The powertrain model for the power-split HEV is established utilizing matrix-based methodologies.Through the formulation of clutch torque curves and clutch collaboration models,this research systematically explores the effects of clutch engagement timing and the duration of clutch slipping state on transient mode switching behaviors.Building upon this analysis,an optimization problem for control parameters pertaining to the two collaborative clutches is formulated.The simulated annealing algorithm is employed to optimize these control parameters.Simulation results demonstrate that the clutch collaboration manners have a great influence on the transient mode switching performance.Compared with the pre-calibrated benchmark and the optimal solution derived by the genetic algorithm,the maximal longitudinal jerk and clutch slipping work during the transient mode switching process is reduced obviously with the optimal control parameters derived by the simulated annealing algorithm.The study provides valuable insights for the dynamic coordinated control of the power-split HEVs featuring complex clutch collaboration mechanisms.

电力系统电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真接口实现

作者在关于电力系统电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真研究的系列报告之一中曾提出了一种混合仿真的接口方法。在该混合仿真研究的系列报告之二中,作者主要针对电磁暂态机电暂态仿真接口实现过程中由于机电暂态网络正、负序阻抗不相等引起的机电暂态网络等值导纳矩阵不对称的问题, 提出了“节点分裂接口算法”,并提出了一种戴维南等值简化法,用于快速计算节点分裂法需要的相关变量。

电力系统电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真接口原理

在电力系统仿真中,如果能在一次仿真过程中同时实现大规模电网的机电暂态仿真与部分电网的详细电磁暂态仿真,那么对详细分析系统特性,特别是直流输电、FACTS元件等的特性具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。针对这一问题,笔者在比较电磁暂态仿真和机电暂态仿真模型与方法的基础上提出了一种电力系统电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真的通用接口方法。该方法在我国实际电网中的成功应用证明了其有效性和实用性。笔者将分三个系列进行相关讨论,此文为系列报告之一,主要提出了电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真的实现原理及接口模型,如接口等值电路的设计、接口交换时序的设计等。

电力系统电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真的应用

作者在关于电力系统电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真研究的系列报告的前两篇中曾提出了一种混合仿真的通用接口方法以及相关实现算法。在该混合仿真研究的系列报告之三中, 作者主要检验了系列报告一、二中提出的接口模型、接口算法在实际电力系统中的应用效果,包括:IEEE 14节点系统故障后的仿真分析、东北-华北-华中-川渝联网系统中伊敏-冯屯线路安装固定串补后系统次同步谐振的时域分析。仿真结果证明了作者提出的混合仿真的接口方法和模型的有效性与实用性。

考虑不对称故障的机电暂态–电磁暂态混合仿真方法

提出一套机电暂态–电磁暂态混合仿真方案,包括接口母线的选取方法、机电暂态子系统对电磁暂态子系统的等效、等值电路正序和负序参数不相等情况的处理(基波负序补偿法),并采用最小二乘法求取3序基波电流来反映电磁暂态系统仿真结果对机电暂态网络的影响。仿真计算结果证明了该套仿真方案的有效性和可行性,解决了机电暂态网络发生各种对称和不对称故障复杂情况下局部电路的详细电磁暂态仿真问题,并通过了大型电网仿真的检验。

电力系统数字混合仿真技术综述

相互独立的机电暂态程序与电磁暂态程序由于各自的不足和局限,已经难以适应快速发展的现代电力系统对仿真技术的要求,数字混合仿真技术为解决该问题提供了一种新的思路。文章对该技术进行了研究,认为接口的处理是其中的关键,在此基础上重点阐述了接口位置选择、等值电路形式、数据交互方式以及数据转换等核心问题。最后指出,在混合实时仿真中电磁暂态侧与实际物理装置相连具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。

特高压交/直流电网仿真技术研究

电力系统的规模日趋扩大,复杂程度不断增加,迫切需要建立与特高压电网发展形势相适应的特高压电网仿真系统。首先分析了各种仿真系统的特点及其适用范围,然后结合我国特高压电网研究对仿真系统的要求,讨论了可用来对大规模交/直流电网的机电暂态与电磁暂态现象进行实时仿真的全数字实时仿真系统与数模混合仿真系统的原理、功能、特点、发展现状及适用范围,指出了其现存的局限性,提出了改进与完善的思路。

交直流混联系统的多速率混合仿真技术研究

针对复杂电力系统仿真对有效性和精确性的统一要求,提出了综合电磁暂态仿真和机电暂态仿真优点的混合仿真方法。该方法将交直流系统合理分割为若干子系统,利用现有的程序模块采用不同时标的多速积分对各子系统进行仿真分析,考虑晶闸管的通断过程,采用波形松弛技术解决子系统之间的数据接口问题。对3机交直流系统故障的仿真结果表明了混合仿真方法的精确性和有效性。

含统一潮流控制器装置的电力系统动态混合仿真接口算法研究

提出了一种新的含UPFC装置的电力系统动态混合仿真接口算法,算法中对UPFC采用动态相量建模,对电力系统网络则采用成熟的机电暂态仿真。仿真中UPFC并联侧采用定交流母线电压控制和定直流电容电压控制,串联侧采用定线路潮流控制。文中推导了UPFC的动态相量模型,讨论了与网络机电暂态模型的接口算法。研究分析和算例仿真表明:使用动态相量建模可精确地仿真UPFC的电磁暂态(EMT)过程,且仿真速度快;文中所提混合仿真方案能保证较快的仿真速度和优良的仿真精度,具有较好的收敛性,且可用于含UPFC等FACTS装置的系统发生不对称故障时的暂态稳定分析。

双馈风力发电机组的电磁暂态-机电暂态混合仿真研究

为深入分析双馈型风力发电机组的动态响应,基于双馈风机的运行原理,建立了双馈风机的电磁暂态模型,并进行了电磁暂态–机电暂态混合仿真研究。在自主开发的大型电力系统分析软件包混合仿真平台(power system department-power system model,PSD-PSModel)中实现了双馈风机的混合仿真功能,建立了双馈风机的基本模型框架。采用单台机等值模拟风电场,并利用IEEE 14节点算例进行了详细的仿真研究,分析了其控制策略和暂态过程中的动态响应。便于今后与风机制造厂家合作建立实际风机的详细电磁暂态模型,为深化研究风电机组对电网稳定的影响提了供有力的技术支持。

基于并行计算机/RTDS的混合实时仿真不对称故障接口交互与实现

针对"并行计算机+RTDS"的SMRT混合实时仿真平台,提出用于三相不对称处理的混合实时仿真接口三序电流分立注入法和电磁暂态侧接口三序功率初始自校正计算方法,研发实现了电磁-机电暂态混合实时仿真中全序量交互,扩展了SMRT混合实时仿真平台不对称故障仿真模拟功能,经SMRT电磁-机电混合实时仿真与RTDS电磁暂态实时仿真的对比测试验证表明,两者仿真结果具有较高的吻合度。

数字计算机机电暂态与RTDS电磁暂态混合实时仿真系统

将机电暂态计算与电磁暂态计算进行实时接口,在一次仿真过程中同时实现大规模电力系统的机电暂态仿真和局部网络的电磁暂态仿真。还设计了数字计算机与RTDS的混合实时仿真平台,对其中的关键技术进行了研究和探讨,主要包括在进行机电暂态和电磁暂态仿真时如何对对侧系统进行等值以及两部分程序相互接口时的数据交换方式,并提出了解决这些问题的新思路,即构造的等值模型应该能够正确反映对侧系统的运行状态,而对次要因素可以简化。

模块化多电平换流器快速电磁暂态仿真模型

针对模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)电磁暂态仿真耗时过长的问题,提出了2种MMC快速仿真模型。通过分析MMC子模块原理,提出将MMC桥臂等效为自定义数值计算模块与受控电压源组合的数值计算详细模型;并在该模型的基础上设计了一种将独立子模块电磁暂态模型和一般子模块数值计算模型结合的混合模型仿真方法,弥补了数值计算模型难以模拟子模块电磁暂态过程的缺陷。为了进一步提高模型的仿真速度,通过简化MMC的电压均衡控制及子模块状态的差异性,建立了数值计算平均值模型。在PSCAD/EMTDC上搭建MMC-HVDC模型,对所提出的快速仿真模型及仿真方法的有效性进行了验证。

基于RTDS/CBuilder的电磁–机电暂态混合实时仿真方法

提出了基于实时数字仿真器(real time digital simulator,RTDS)的电磁–机电暂态混合实时仿真方法。在RTDS/CBuilder环境下,采用多线程和双链表稀疏矩阵技术开发了实时机电暂态仿真程序。提出了电磁和机电侧接口等值电路模型,并将RTDS电磁模型与实时机电暂态程序进行了连接,建立了混合实时仿真平台。该平台可以在详细分析含直流输电局部电网的同时,又能较准确地考虑交流系统对暂态稳定的影响。仿真算例证明了所提混合实时仿真方法的正确性。

电力系统机电暂态和电磁暂态混合仿真接口算法

传统的机电暂态或电磁暂态程序在分析日益复杂的大规模电力系统时,已开始显露出各自的局限性。将两者联合起来进行混合仿真,可以较好地解决仿真的规模、速度和精度的协调问题, 这为研究电力系统的稳定性和动态特性提供了新的解决思路。文中系统研究了混合仿真中的接口算法,对机电侧和电磁侧的等值参数求取、等值电路形式及变换、电磁侧的基波等值复阻抗求解方法、机电侧正负序阻抗不等引起的不对称、电磁侧离散序列的基波提取等问题进行了深入分析,并且给出了具体的实现方案,为混合仿真平台的程序设计提供了坚实的理论依据。

基于机电暂态-电磁暂态混合仿真的电网合环分析计算系统

为了提高电网的安全运行,开发了基于机电暂态-电磁暂态混合仿真原理的电网合环分析计算系统。利用机电-电磁混合仿真原理,提出了基于最大级数搜索算法的电磁网络自动划分方法,实现了机电暂态模型自动转换为电磁暂态模型的功能,并完成了地理图与厂站图相关联的功能,方便用户操作的同时提高了合环计算结果的准确性。利用开关统计功能,可以得到系统不同时刻的合环情况。通过对新疆喀什地区电网的合环仿真计算,其结果表明该系统能够提高合环操作的准确性,为合环操作提供了重要依据。