Quantum electrodynamics in a laser and the electron laser collision

Quantum electrodynamics in a laser is formulated, in which the electron–laser interaction is exactly considered, while the interaction of an electron and a single photon is considered by perturbation. The formulation is applied to the electron– laser collisions. The effect of coherence between photons in the laser is therefore fully considered in these collisions. The possibility of γ-ray laser generation by use of this kind of collision is discussed.

Measurement of Electron Density and Ion Collision Frequency with Dual Assisted Grounded Electrode DBD in Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Jet

The properties of a helium atmospheric-pressure plasma jet（APPJ）are diagnosed with a dual assisted grounded electrode dielectric barrier discharge device.In the glow discharge,we captured the current waveforms at the positions of the three grounded rings.From the current waveforms,the time delay between the adjacent positions of the rings is employed to calculate the plasma bullet velocity of the helium APPJ.Moreover,the electron density is deduced from a model combining with the time delay and current intensity,which is about 10^（11）cm^（-3）.In addition,The ion-neutral particles collision frequency in the radial direction is calculated from the current phase difference between two rings,which is on the order of 10~7 Hz.The results are helpful for understanding the basic properties of APPJs.

Effects of electron temperature on dielectric function and localization of laser beams in underdense collisional plasma

Effects of electron temperature on dielectric function and localization of laser beams in underdense collisional plasmas are investigated. Simulation results show that the electron temperature has a strong effect on the dielectric constant and the laser beam localization. It is observed that due to the influence of the electron temperature, the dielectric function presents some interesting and complicated nonlinear variations, and gives rise to the laser beam lo- calization. Moreover, the amplitudes of the beam width and the beam intensity are subjected to continuously oscillatory variation in the region of localization. In addition, the effects of several parameters on the dielectric function and the beam localization are discussed.

Dissociative ionization cross sections of CO_2 at electron impact energy of 5 keV

The dissociative ionization of CO2 induced by 5 keV electrons in two-body and three-body dissociative channels of CO2＋2 and CO3＋2 is identified by the ion-ion coincidence- method using a momentum imaging spectrometer. The partial ionization cross sections （PICSs） of different ionic fragments are measured and the results generally agree with the calculations made by a semi-empirical approach. Furthermore, the PICSs of the dissociative channels are also obtained by carefully considering the detection efficiency of the micro-channel plates and the total transmission efficiency of the time of flight system.

Measurement of Electron Swarm Parameters in Nitrous Oxide

This study has measured the density-normalized effective ionization coefficients （α-η）/N, the electron drift velocity V e and the diffusion coefficient D L in nitrous oxide （N_2O） using a pulsed Townsend technique. The range of the overall density-normalized electric field strength E/N is from 100 Td to 400 Td （1 Td=10 17 V·cm2）. From the above plots of （α-η）/N, we have derived the limiting field strength, （E/N） lim ≈ 150 Td, which is the value of E/N at which （α-η）/N=0.

Effect of electron excitation in nonsequential double ionization by intense laser fields

We study the double ionization process of atoms in intense laser fields. The momentum distributions of the correlated electrons are calculated. Contrary to the general expectation, we show an increasing proportion of the electrons ionized via excitation with the increasing laser intensity. These electrons generally have small energy thus they concentratedly distribute on the central region of the momentum diagram. Consequently, the central part of the momentum diagram becomes more notable in higher intensity laser fields. Further study suggests that this phenomenon is general in double ionization.

Simulation of Electron-Beam Generating Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

As electron-beam generating plasma is widely applied, the software tool EGS4 （Electron-Gamma Shower） was used to simulate the transmission and energy deposition of electron-beam in air. The simulation results indicated that the range of the electron-beam was inversely proportional to the gas pressure in a wide range of gas pressure, and the electron-beam of 200 keV could generate a plasma with a density 10^11 cm^-3 in air of latm. In addition, the energy distribution of the beam-electron and plasma density profile produced by the beam were achieved.

Studies of Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF) in Lithium Vapor Excitation at 2S→3D Two-Photon Resonance

We have developed a computational model which quantitatively studies the Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF) in laser excited lithium vapor at 2s→3d two-photon resonance. A kinetic model has been constructed which includes essentially all the important collisional ionization, photoionization, electron collisions and radiative interactions that come into play when lithium vapor (density range 1013?- 1014 cm-3) is subject to a sudden pulse of intense laser radiation (power range 105?- 106 W·cm-2) at wavelength 639.1 nm and pulse duration 20 ns. The applied computer simulation model is based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Boltzman equation and a set of rate equations that describe the rate of change of the formed excited states populations. Using the measured values for the cross-sections and rate coefficients of each physical process considered in the model available in literature, relations are obtained as a function of the electron energy and included in the computational model. We have also studied the time evolution and the laser power dependences of the ion population (atomic and molecular ions) as well as the electron density which are produced during the interaction. The energy spectra of the electrons emerging from the interaction contains a number of peaks corresponding to the low-energy electrons produced by photoionization and collisional ionization such as assosicative and Penning ionization processes. The non-equilibrium shape of these electrons occurs due to relaxation of fast electrons produced by super-elastic collisions with residual excited lithium atoms. Moreover, a reasonable agreement between McGeoch results and our calculations for the temporal behaviour of the electron density is obtained.

Impact of Initial Electron Development on Sodium Plasma Generation Using LIBORS Technique: Numerical Modeling

The present work reports an investigation on the role played by Na3+ ions formed through triatomic associative ionization collision of Na(4d) atoms with Na2 ground state molecules during the early phase of sodium plasma generation by laser ionization based on resonance saturation (LIBORS). Such ionization mechanism is observed experimentally for the first time by Tapalian and Smith (1993) [1]. In their experiment, stepwise atomic excitations are created using two CW dye lasers;one laser is tuned to 589 nm to excite the Na(3s) to Na(3p) D2 transition of sodium and the other laser is tuned 569 nm to excite the Na(3p) to Na(4d) transition. The analysis is grounded on a numerical study of the role of seed electron processes on the temporal evolution of sodium plasma formation by laser irradiation. A previously developed numerical model based on LIBORS technique is modified and adopted. In the present study, the sodium atom is treated as an atom comprises 22 levels namely: a ground state, 18 excited states and three ionic states (atomic, molecular and tri-atomic). The model tackled various collisional and radiative processes that act to enhance and deplete the free electrons generated in the interaction region. The contribution of these processes is signified by solving numerically a system of time-dependent rate equations, which couple the generated atomic and ionic species with the laser fields. Meanwhile, it solves the time-dependent Boltzmann equation for the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) of the generated electrons. The computed values of the EEDF, time evolution of both excited states population and the formed ionic species considering the individual effect of associative ionization, Penning, and photo-ionization and triatomic associative ionization justified the important effect of each of these ionizing processes in creating the early stage electrons. These seed electrons are assumed to rapidly gain energy through superelastic collisions leading eventually to plasma development.

双短脉冲驱动类镍钐X光激光的模拟

介绍了模拟产生类镍离子电子碰撞激发Ｘ光激光全过程的系列程序。利用它模拟了英国ＲＡＬ实验室的双短脉冲驱动类镍钐Ｘ光激光实验。与实验结果进行了比较。还研究了不同弯曲度的靶及驱动激光功率密度不均匀性对输出激光强度的影响。对驱动激光的脉宽、主脉冲的功率密度以及主脉冲的延迟时间等进行了优化设计。

低气压闭式等离子体放电实验及光谱诊断

闭式等离子体可以克服等离子体隐身技术在开放环境中等离子体难以维持及能耗过大的问题。针对等离子体隐身应用，设计了一种封闭式的等离子体发生装置，选用微秒脉冲电源，以氩气为工质气体，在低气压环境下进行了放电实验。采用发射光谱法，测量了密闭腔体内部厚度方向上的Ar谱线强度，并将碰撞-辐射模型用于分析等离子体参数的分布规律。当放电参数确定时，给定电子温度和电子密度，可通过碰撞-辐射模型计算得到2p能级上的布居分布比值，将其与从光谱数据中得到的布居分布比值进行比较，当差异值最小时，即可确定相应的等离子体参数。通过对电子温度在1～5 eV 范围内的2p9和2p1能级布居分布比值进行计算，分析了碰撞-辐射模型计算可能存在的误差。实验结果表明，在厚度方向上，封闭式腔体中的等离子体电子密度达到1011 cm^-3量级且呈一定的梯度分布，但变化幅度不大，其分布情况有利于等离子体隐身技术的应用。

亲水相互作用色谱结合串联质谱多重碎裂模式在完整糖肽研究中的应用

蛋白质的糖基化修饰在生理及病理过程中发挥着重要作用。由于技术条件的限制,传统的糖蛋白分析方法中,通常分别鉴定蛋白质和糖链两者的结构,而忽略了蛋白质与糖链的连接关系。本研究旨在以完整糖肽作为检测对象,对糖肽中肽段序列和糖链结构的同步解析。采用亲水相互作用色谱对完整糖肽进行分离纯化,联合生物质谱中碰撞诱导解离(CID)、高能诱导解离(HCD)、电子转移解离(ETD)等裂解模式,对完整糖肽的糖基化位点、糖链结构、肽段序列等进行全方面的解析。结果表明,亲水相互作用色谱中样品与填料比1∶50可有效富集糖肽,采用30%CID能量,主要产生糖苷键断裂的碎片,为糖链的结构组成分析提供了线索;采用25%HCD能量,在低分子量区域提供了糖链的特征离子信息,并产生明确的糖肽Y1特征离子;ETD保留了完整的修饰基团而产生肽段骨架的断裂,可以提供有效的肽段序列信息。本研究结合亲水相互作用色谱与质谱仪中的多种碎裂方式,为完整糖肽的结构解析提供了一种快速、有效的研究方案。

Influence of the gassing materials on the dielectric properties of air

Influence of the gassing materials, such as PA6, PMMA, and POM on the dielectric properties of air are investigated. In this work, the fundamental electron collision cross section data were carefully selected and validated. Then the species compositions of the air–organic vapor mixtures were calculated based on the Gibbs free energy minimization. Finally, the Townsend ionization coefficient, the Townsend electron attachment coefficient and the critical reduced electric field strength were derived from the calculated electron energy distribution function by solving the Boltzmann transport equation. The calculation results indicated that H;O with large attachment cross sections has a great impact on the critical reduced electric field strength of the air–organic vapor mixtures. On the other hand, the vaporization of gassing materials can help to increase the dielectric properties of air circuit breakers to some degree.

氯化碘B^3Π_0~＋态的激光诱导荧光及碰撞动力学研究

研究了氯化碘的Ｂ３态（振动能级Ｖ＇＝１２、１６）的发散荧光光谱和碰撞电子淬火．借助激光诱地荧光（ＬＩＦ）的方法，以氩离子激光器的５０２．３ｎｍ和５１４．５ｎｍ谱线做为泵浦源，并使用稳态近似处理得到了这两个态与气态ＩＣｌ、Ｈ２Ｏ、ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２、ＣＨ３ＯＨ、Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ、ＣＨ３ＮＨ２、Ｃ２Ｈ５ＮＨ２、ＣＣｌ４和苯分子碰撞的电子淬灭速率常数和碰撞截面。我们探讨了分子间的相互作用，并且对比了ＩＣｌ和ＩＦ的动力学模型。对于ＩＦ，偶极－偶极相互作用被成功地用于解释其碰撞电子淬灭机理。但是，本文证实：在ＩＣＩ被其碰撞伴侣淬灭的过程中，碰撞对之间的偶极－偶极相互作用并非占主导地位。需要提出新的模型来解释这类碰撞。最后，我们简要讨论了使用ＩＣｌ作为一种化学泵浦激光的介质的可能性．

激光偏振参量对电离电子能量的影响

以准静态隧道电离理论为基础 ,计算并讨论了不同激光偏振参量对基于光场感生电离电子碰撞机制的系统的电离电子能量的影响 ,结果表明 ,随着偏振参量值的减小 ,在电离时刻的峰值处 。

N,N′-双-(2-羟基苯亚甲基)-烷基(芳基)甲二胺类化合物质谱研究

本文对双Schiff碱类化合物的质谱进行了研究,由于其结构的特殊性,质谱的裂解过程中出现一些特殊的碎片离子,它包括羟基氢的迁移、双键的转换以及分子结构重排等,为研究这类化合物的结构和性质提供了重要的信息。

弗兰克-赫兹实验的计算机模拟

编制了蒙特卡罗仿真程序,并介绍了其原理.该程序可理论再现弗兰克-赫兹实验中电子与氩原子的相互作用过程,定量评估各碰撞、各种运行参量对结果的影响.该模拟程序可以用来解决学生对实验产生的疑惑,也可以为改进实验方案提供理论指导.

基于氢原子碰撞辐射模型的发射光谱法诊断电子密度

基于碰撞辐射模型,利用氢原子的巴尔末线比对HUST射频负氢离子源等离子体电子密度进行诊断。首先针对HUST离子源等离子体的放电条件,建立了综合考虑氢原子直接激发和氢分子解离激发机制的碰撞辐射模型。基于建立的模型,利用氢原子的巴尔末线比来诊断电子密度。进一步分析了不同的氢原子分子密度比对电子密度诊断的影响,结果表明当电子温度较高,氢分子的解离度较低的等离子体放电状态下,必须同时考虑氢原子直接激发和氢分子解离激发对激发态氢原子的贡献。

Spin Effects in Collisions of Electrons with Atoms and Molecules

Some recent experimental and theoretical work on spin dependent electron atom and electron molecule collisions is reviewed. The spin is involved in such collisions by explicit spin dependent interactions such as the spin orbit interaction of the continuum electron (Mott scattering) but also by exchange, which, in conjunction with the Pauli principle, gives rise to observable spin exchange effects. We present results for Mn and Na atoms and experiments in which electron dichroism with chiral molecules has been studied.

碰撞效应对超强激光与高密度碳薄膜靶相互作用中快电子输运的影响(英文)

在激光驱动粒子加速和快点火背景下,用带碰撞模块的1维粒子模拟程序,研究了高功率亚ps激光与高密度(近固体密度)碳薄膜靶相互作用中的碰撞效应。研究表明,通过和无碰撞粒子模拟结果的比对,在早期瞬态时段,碰撞效应通过慢化提供电阻加热的回流对快电子产生和输运起重要作用。定性上,碰撞效应还减少快电子的产额和最大能,抑制能量输运。然而,在加热后期当往返运动成为主要输运机制时,有碰撞和无碰撞两种情况的差别减小。