基于Unity3D的油田抽油机三维可视化监控系统设计

针对抽油机监测形式单一、三维可视化程度低和联动性差的缺陷,引入信息―物理实时映射思想,开发了油田抽油机三维可视化监控系统。设计了抽油机数字空间,搭建虚实交互层设计架构;搭建三维可视化系统数据组成及关系框架;结合逆运动学,构建数学模型,基于五维模型和Unity 3D平台设计抽油机三维可视化系统总体架构;以游梁式抽油机为对象进行实验验证,实现了实时动态监测、虚实混合控制、运动轨迹追踪和在线预警等服务功能。为三维可视化监控在石油机械领域的落地应用和数字孪生系统的开发提供借鉴。

Design and Operation of Municipal Rain and Sewage United Pumping Station

In the process of designing a municipal rainwater and sewage pumping station,it is necessary to accurately grasp the design points,reasonably determine the scale of the rainwater and sewage pumping station,scientifically select the location and layout,and select materials reasonably.After completing the process design of the municipal rainwater and sewage pumping station and putting it into operation,in order to ensure the normal and stable operation of the pumping station,it is necessary to focus on strengthening the operation and management of diving equipment,cleaning equipment,and electromechanical equipment.The author analyzes the key points and specific design path of the process design of municipal rainwater and sewage pumping stations,and puts forward effective strategies for operation management,hoping to contribute to the scientific design and stable operation of municipal rainwater and sewage pumping stations.

Using the curve moment and the PSO-SVM method to diagnose downhole conditions of a sucker rod pumping unit

Downhole working conditions of sucker rod pumping wells are automatically identified on a computer from the analysis of dynamometer cards. In this process, extraction of feature parameters and pattern classification are two key steps. The dynamometer card is firstly divided into four parts which include different production information according to the ＂four point method＂ used in actual oilfield production, and then the moment invariants for pattern recognition are extracted. An improved support vector machine （SVM） method is used for pattern classification whose error penalty parameter C and kernel function parameter g are optimally chosen by the particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm. The simulation results show the method proposed in this paper has good classification results.

Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Hydraulic Pumping Unit on Offshore Platform

A new technology of offshore oil rod pumping production is developed for offshore heavy oil recovery. A new type of miniature hydraulic pumping unit with long-stroke, low pumping speed and compact structure is designed based on the spatial characteristics of offshore platforms. By combining the strengths of sinusoidal velocity curve and trapezoidal velocity curve, a kinematical model of the acceleration, the velocity and displacement of the pumping unit＇s hanging point is established. The results show that the pumping unit has good kinematic characteristics of smooth motion and small dynamic load. The multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the single-well pumping unit is established. The first and second order natural frequencies of the sucker rod string subsystem and the pumping unit subsystem are studied. The results show that the first and the second order natural frequencies among the pumping rod string, pumping unit-platform subsystem and the dynamic excitation have differences over 5 times from each other, indicating that resonance phenomenon will not appear during the operation and the dynamic requirements for field use are met in the system.

The Conceptual Design Method for a Pumping Unit Based on QFD and TRIZ

Quality function deployment （QFD） is a quality system, that can help to design novel products that meet customers＇ needs. Theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） is a very powerful tool in helping to solve difficult technical problems encountered in the design process. Introducing QFD and TRIZ into the conceptual design of the pumping unit combines advantages of these two theories, therefore meeting different demands of different users. It can tell us “What should we do it” with QFD and “How should we do it” with TRIZ. The conceptual design method, which is based on QFD and TRIZ, is introduced andused to analyze and evaluate the conceptual design project of a pumping unit.

Research on an Intelligent Decision Support System for a Conceptual Innovation Design of Pumping Units Based on TRIZ

Attention is concentrated on how to perform the innovative design during the process of pumping unit conceptual design, and how to enhance design efficiency and inspire creativity. Aiming at the shortages of conceptual design, introducing the theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） into the mechanical product design for producing innovative ideas, and using the advanced computer-aided technique, the intelligent decision support system （IDSS） based on TRIZ （TRIZ-IDSS） has been constructed. The construction method, system structure, conceptual production, decisionmaking and evaluation of the problem solving subsystem are discussed. The innovative conceptual design of pumping units indicates that the system can help the engineers open up a new space of thinking, overcome the thinking inertia, and put forward innovative design concepts. This system also can offer the scientific instructions for the innovative design of mechanical products.

Electronic Unit Pump Test Bench Development and Pump Properties Research

A unit pump test bench is developed on an in-line pump test platform. The bench is composed of pump adapting assembly, fuel supply subsystem, lubricating subsystem and a control unit. A crank angle domain injection control method is given out and the control accuracy can be 0.1° crank degree. The bench can test both mechanical unit pump and electronic unit pump. A test model-PLD12 electronic unit pump is tested. Full pump delivery map and some influence factors test is done. Experimental results show that the injection quantity is linear with the delivery angle. The quantity change rate is 15% when fuel temperature increases 30 ℃. The delivery quantity per cycle increases 30 mg at 28 V drive voltage. The average delivery difference for two same type pumps is 5 %. Test results show that the bench can be used for unit pump verification.

IMPROVE THE KINETIC PERFORMANCE OF THE PUMP CONTROLLED CLAMPING UNIT IN PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE WITH ADAPTIVE CONTROL STRATEGY

The kinetic characteristics of the clamping unit of plastic injection molding machine that is controlled by close loop with newly developed double speed variable pump unit are investigated. Considering the wide variation of the cylinder equivalent mass caused by the transmission ratio of clamping unit and the severe instantaneous impact force acted on the cylinder during the mold closing and opening process, an adaptive control principle of parameter and structure is proposed to improve its kinetic performance. The adaptive correlation between the acceleration feedback gain and the variable mass is derived. The pressure differential feedback is introduced to improve the dynamic performance in the case of small inertia and heavy impact load. The adaptation of sum pressure to load is used to reduce the energy loss of the system. The research results are verified by the simulation and experiment, The investigation method and the conclusions are also suitable for the differential cylinder system controlled by the traditional servo pump unit.

Parallel Operation Characteristics Analysis of Sewage Source Heat Pump Units in Winter

Sewage source heat pump unit operates under partial load most of the time, and study on the law of coefficient of performance (COP) of the unit varying with load ratio can provide basis for the heat pump units running in high efficiency. A mathematical model determining COP, evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of a single unit was proposed. Under the condition of uniform load distribution, the model was established according to different ways of bearing partial load with the same type multi...

Thermodynamic Simulation of CCP in Air-Cooled Heat Pump Unit with HFCs and CO₂Trans-Critical

The exergy analysis and finite time thermodynamic methods had been employed to analyze the compound condensation process (CCP). It was based on the air-cooling heat pump unit. The cooling capacity of the chiller unit is about 1 kW, and the work refrigerant is R22/R407C/R410A/CO2. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software was employed to build the simulation model. The thermodynamic simulation model is significant for the optimization of parameters of the unit, such as condensation and evaporation temperature and mass flow of the sanitary hot water and size of hot water storage tank. The COP of the CCP of R410A system is about 3% - 5% higher than the CCP of the R22 system, while CCP of the R407C system is a little lower than the CCP of R22 system. And the CCP of CO2 trans-critical system has advantage in the hot supply mode. The simulation method provided a theoretical reference for developing the production of CCP with substitute refrigerant R407C/R410A/CO2.

SIMULATION IN THERMAL DESIGN FOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT OF ELECTRONIC UNIT PUMP

The high working junction temperature of power component is the most common reason of its failure. So the thermal design is of vital importance in electronic control unit （ECU） design. By means of circuit simulation, the thermal design of ECU for electronic unit pump （EUP） fuel system is applied. The power dissipation model of each power component in the ECU is created and simulated. According to the analyses of simulation results, the factors which affect the power dissipation of components are analyzed. Then the ways for reducing the power dissipation of power components are carried out. The power dissipation of power components at different engine state is calculated and analyzed. The maximal power dissipation of each power component in all possible engine state is also carried out based on these simulations. A cooling system is designed based on these studies. The tests show that the maximum total power dissipation of ECU drops from 43.2 W to 33.84 W after these simulations and optimizations. These applications of simulations in thermal design of ECU can greatly increase the quality of the design, save the design cost and shorten design time

Measurement and analysis of cycle fuel injection quantity for electronic unit pump

The cycle fuel injection quantity is accurately measured for electronic unit pump （EUP） operating at high, middle and low speeds by using displacement method based on EFS instantaneous mono-injector qualifier. On the basis of the experi- mental data about fuel injection quantity and fuel pressure, the variation of inconsistency in fuel injection quantity of EUP and the influence factors in different operating conditions are concluded. The results show that the inconsistency is lowest in maximum torque condition, while on the start and maximum power conditions, it is higher.

MODEL-BASED DEVELOPMENT OF REAL-TIME SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR ELECTRONIC UNIT PUMP SYSTEM

A real-time operating system （RTOS）, also named OS, is designed based on the hardware platform of MC68376, and is implemented in the electronic control system for unit pump in diesel engine. A parallel and time-based task division method is introduced and the multi-task software architecture is built in the software system for electronic unit pump （EUP） system. The V-model software development process is used to control algorithm of each task. The simulation results of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system （HILSS） and the engine experimental results show that the OS is an efficient real-time kernel, and can meet the real-time demands of EUP system; The built multi-task software system is real-time, determinate and reliable. V-model development is a good development process of control algorithms for EUP system, the control precision of control system can be ensured, and the development cycle and cost are also decreased.

Electronic Unit Pump Diesel Engine Control Unit Design for Integrated Powertrain System

The performance of the electronic unit pump (EUP) diesel engine is studied, it will be used in the integrated powertrain and its multi parameters are controllable. Both the theoretical analysis and experiment research are taken. A control unit for the fuel quantity and timing in crankshaft domain is designed on this basis and the engine experiment test has been done. For the constant speed camshaft driving EUP system, the fuel quantity will increase as the supply angle goes up and injection timing has no effect. The control precision can reach 1°CA. The full injection timing MAP and engine peak performance curves are made successfully.

Evaluation of Appropriateness of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Use in the Region of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs that reduce the production of acid in the stomach. Recently, the use of PPI has been increasing among communities, whether with or without prescription. As a part of the healthcare team, the pharmacist should not only dispense medications but also ensure the appropriate use of these medications. Studies conducted within 16 countries showed substantial variation in the appropriateness of the use of PPI drugs. Aim: To evaluate the appropriateness of PPIs use in Sharjah, UAE based on surveys answered by pharmacists, physicians, and patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted on December 2017 at Sharjah, UAE as an example of information obtained from the Middle East. Two different surveys were conducted on physicians and pharmacists. Both Physicians and Pharmacists were chosen randomly from Yellow Pages. The results obtained from both studies were used to develop a patient’s survey, which was distributed among University of Sharjah students, their families and random people at Shopping Malls and Clinics. Results: The results obtained from the patients’ survey showed that ~39% of PPI users from the region of Sharjah are 25 - 44 years old. Approximately 79% are using PPI according to physicians’ prescriptions. Prescriptions’ duration is varied between 1 month (39%) and 6 months (22%), where 52% of PPI users ask their physicians to prescribe PPIs when needed. Suggested reasons for the use of PPI included inappropriate food habits (52%), use of other medications (16%) or bacterial infection (13%). Around 52% of the patients did not receive any recommendations regarding the deprescribing of PPIs. According to the pharmacists’ surveys, an average sale of 5 - 10 PPI packages is reported per day, and around 50% are sold without a prescription. Most pharmacists were not fully aware of the health conditions and side effects of PPI drugs. On the other hand, physicians’ surveys showed that PPIs were mainly prescribed in the case of GERD and ulcer and for a maximum of 2 - 4 weeks. Approximately 75% of physicians recommend changing regimen by reducing the dose and stopping in case of chronic use of PPIs. Conclusion: The results from this survey study indicated that even though most PPI consumers at Sharjah, UAE are well aware of the use of PPI drugs and they follow the instructions given by the Physicians’, there is some discrepancy in the information obtained by the physicians, pharmacists, and patients. The reason for this discrepancy may be attributed to the missing role of the pharmacists which is currently just dispensing the medications without appropriate counseling. Thus the appropriate role of the pharmacists should be implemented according to the known international guidelines.

A research on an energy-saving software for pumping units based on FNN intelligent control

An energy-saving scheme for pumping units via intermission start-stop performance is proposed. Because of the complexity of the oil extraction process, Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) intelligent control is adopted. The structure of the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy neural network model is introduced and modified. FNNs are trained with sample information from oil fields and expert knowledge. Finally, pumping unit energy-saving FNN software, which cuts down power costs substantially, is presented.

Optimum Structural Design of a Chain-Driving Pumping Unit

In this paper the pumping unit of type QLCJ14-6 is studied.Through the belt driving unit,the mo-tor drives the driving sprocket in which the rotation rate has been reduced by the reduction ge arbox.The locus chain moves between the driving sprocket and upper sprocket which are vertically set.There's a special chain element in the locus chain,which drives the reciprocating holster with the main shaft linchpin and slide block.The r reciprocating g holster could only move up and down when the locus chain moves in a circle.In this way the up and down stroke of the sucker rod and the mac hine is realized.The lower end of the reciprocating holster is con-nected with the equilibrium system to make the structure balance.The balancing cylinder is re-placed by the balancing block to make the structure simplified.

Eccentric Pumping Unit: Cost-effective and Reliable

ＥｃｃｅｎｔｒｉｃＰｕｍｐｉｎｇＵｎｉｔ：Ｃｏｓｔ－ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅａｎｄＲｅｌｉａｂｌｅＺｈａｎｇＳｈａｏｂｏ；ＧａｏＨｅｐｉｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＹｉｂａｏ；ＳｈｉＬｉｎｓｏｎｇａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＨｕｉｗｅｎ（ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍ，...

Research on Operation of Electrothermal Integrated Energy System Including Heat Pump and Thermal Storage Units Based on Capacity Planning

In view of the Three North areas existing wind power absorption and environment pollution problems,the previous scholars have improved the wind abandon problem by adding electrothermal coupling equipment or optimizing power grid operation.In this paper,an electrothermal integrated energy system including heat pump and thermal storage units was proposed.The scheduling model was based on the load data and the output characteristics of power units,each power unit capacity was programmed without constraints,and the proposed scheduling model was compared with the traditional combined heat and power scheduling model.Results showed that the investment and pollutant discharge of the system was reduced respectively.Wind power was fully absorbed.Compared with the traditional thermal power unit,the proportion of the output was significantly decreased by the proposed model.The proposed system could provide a new prospect for wind power absorption and environment protection.