ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF DIFFERENTIATION OF LEUKEMIC CELL CLONE AFTER CFU-MIX CULTURE

By scanning and transmission electron microscopy, leukemlc celb were obwrved after CFU-Mix culture. Even though granulocytlc growth factor, erythropoietin and lymphocytlc growth factor were added at vitor, acute leukemlc celb still showed defects In differentiation and maturation. These were characterized by abnormal colony which consisted of smooth cells, bizarre shape, nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony In development, and appearance of nuclear bleb. However, chronic myelogenous leukemlc celb were more nature than the acute ones, manifesting in normal colony with finger- like projections and ruffled membrane. Macrophages and eosinophils could be observed. It b suggested that there b a difference In differentiation between acute and chronic leukemia cells.

Corneal histomorphology and electron microscopic observation of R124L mutated corneal dystrophy in a relapsed pedigree

·AIM:To investigate the histological characteristics and ultrastructure of recurrent Chinese R124 L mutated corneal dystrophy after keratoplasty.·METHODS:The subjects were enrolled from a Chinese family of corneal dystrophy with R124 L heterozygous gene mutation and with a history of consanguineous marriage.Normal corneal samples were used as controls.·RESULTS:In this family,2 patients(3 eyes)underwent penetrating keratoplasty(PKP)and 2 patients(4 eyes)underwent lamellar keratoplasty(LKP).They had recurrence at 33.5±3.0(range 30-36)mo after keratoplasty.Among them,1 patient(1 eye)underwent PKP again and 1 patient(2 eyes)underwent LKP again.In the R124 L mutated recurrent corneal dystrophy,the corneal turbidity was mainly distributed from the upper corneal cortex to the anterior stroma;the corneal epithelium surface was rougher and more uneven;and,the corneal erosions were larger.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the thickness of the corneal epithelium was uneven;the arrangement of the epithelial cells was disordered;and,some corneal epithelial cells were swollen.The results of Congo red staining,Masson’s trichrome staining and Periodic acid-Schiff staining were positive,while that of Alcian blue staining was negative.Under a transmission electron microscope,deposition of high electron density substances between epithelial and basal cells,and,apoptosis of basal cells were observed.Many high electron density depositions were observed in the sub-epithelial and anterior corneal matrix.·CONCLUSION:In the Chinese family of recurrent corneal dystrophy with R124 L gene mutation,the corneal epithelia of the recurrent cases are rougher,and the corneal depositions are extra cellular amyloid fibrin.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF SIMIAN SARCOMA VIRUS TRANSFORMED NIH 3T3 CELLS IN VITRO

For electronic microscopic observation, we found SSV-transformed NIH 3T3 cells were different from non-transformed cells. In SSV-transformed NIH 3T3 cells nuclei cytoplasma ratio was increased and in cytoplasma the ribosomes (polyribosomes were attached to the swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum. It was likely that ribosomes were lined together functionally and structionally to produce specific protein (PDGF-like protein).

High Resolution Electron Microscopy Observations of Structural Changes in Iron Nitride Films Annealed in Vacuum

Iron-nitride films were prepared by reactive sputtering, and the effect of annealing treatment on the structures was investigated by means of in-situ electron microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). As-deposited films were observed to be a mixed structure of a few ultrafine epsilon-Fe2-3N particles existing in the amorphous matrix. it was found that the structure-relaxation in the amorphous occurred at 473 K, and the ultrafine grains began to grow at the higher annealing temperatures. The transition of the amorphous to epsilon-Fe2-3N was almost completed at 673 K. It is considered that the formation of the ideal epsilon-Fe3N is originated from the ordering of the nitrogen atoms during the annealing in vacuum. On the other hand, gamma'-phase (Fe4N) was seen to precipitation of epsilon-phase at 723 K. Two possible modes are proposed in the precipitation of gamma'-phase, depending on the heating rate and crystallographic orientation relationships, i.e. [121](epsilon)//[001](gamma), (2(1) over bar0$)(epsilon)//(110)(gamma) and [100](epsilon)//[110](gamma), (001)(epsilon)//(111)(gamma). In addition, alpha-Fe particles were observed to form from the gamma'-phase at high temperatures. We assumed that these structural changes are due to the diffusion of nitrogen and iron atoms during the annealing, except for the case of the precipitation of the gamma'-phase as depicted above. The results obtained in this work are in a good agreement with the assumption.

Observation of Electron Temperature Profile in HL-1M Tokamak

In this paper, the principle and method of the electron temperature measurement by means of electron cyclotron emission (ECE) have been discribed. Several results under different conditions on HL-IM tokamak have been given. The hollow profile of electron temperature appears in some stages, such as current rising, pellet injection and impurity concentration in the plasma centre. When the bias voltage is applied, the electron temperature profile become steeper. All of the phenomena are related with the transport in plasma centre.

Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging Observations of m/n=1/1 and Higher Harmonic Modes during Sawtooth Oscillation in ICRF Heating Plasma on EAST

The m/n = 1/1 and its higher harmonic modes are observed in sawtooth oscillations by using the novel high- resolution 2D ECE imaging system on the experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak （EAST）. Higher harmonic modes are appearing for a short time during the crash phase of sawtooth oscillation in lower βp plasma, which is not the preferabie position in the poloidal cross section. These modes generate sharp pressure points on the inversion radius during the crash phase of sawtooth oscillation. Furthermore, reconnection events proceed in two distinctive phases. In the first phase, a small amount of heat is expelled through the weak reconnection while in the second phase the remaining large quantity of heat and particles emerged rapidly from the hot core to the peripheral region of the inversion radius. In addition, these harmonic modes are only found before and after the ICRF pulse, while in the ICRF pulse only the （1,1） mode exists in the sawtooth oscillation.

Study on purification and ultrastructure of a baculovirus in Penaeus chinensis

A kind of baculovirus was isolated from the cephalothorax homogenate of sick or morbid Penaeus chinensis by differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin section of the gills, stomach and mid-gut tissues also revealed the presence of rod-shaped baculoviral particles with the same size in the affected cell nuclei, where most of the virions arranging in cluster assembled and caused a series of cytopathic changes. The virion covered with bilaminal envelope was 320 ~ 400 nm × 100 ~ 130 nm in size, whereas the nucleocapsid ranged in size of 250~ 300 nm in length and 70 ~ 100 nm in breadth respectively. No nuclear polyhedron or granulin occlusion theies have been found in cells. According to the principle of viral classification, this newly found virus could probably belong to the non-occluded subgroup of insect baculoviridae, i. e., C subgroup baculovirus.

Deformation Field around the Stress Induced Crack Area in Sandstone by the Digital Speckle Correlation Method

The deformation field around sub-cracks was calculated using the digital speckle correlation method. First, the uni-axial compression tests on sandstone samples containing a pre- fabricated fracture were made. Photomicrographs showing the characteristics of the sub-crack development were taken using a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. From these photomicrographs, the real-time images showing the initiation, growth and coalescence of sub-cracks and micro-cracks in the sandstone specimens were obtained and the effects of loading level as well as grain boundaries on the development of cracks were analyzed. Second, the intensity images of the sandstone specimen surface were captured from the observations of the SEM corresponding to different loading levels. Then correlation computation was carried out for the sequential pairs of intensity images to evaluate the displacement components, as well as the strain field. The results show that the deformation varies in different areas separated by sub-cracks during rock damage processes.

In-situ transmission electron microscopy observation of the evolution of dislocation loops and gas bubbles in tungsten during H2+and He+dual-beam irradiation

Dislocation loop and gas bubble evolution in tungsten were in-situ investigated under 30 keV H_(2)^(+)and He^(+)dual-beam irra-diation at 973 K and 1173 K.The average size and number density of dislocation loops and gas bubbles were obtained as a function of irradiation dose.The quantitative calculation and analysis of the migration distance of 1/2<111>loops at low irradiation dose indicated that the main mechanism of the formation of<100>loops should be attributed to the high-density helium cluster inducement mechanism,instead of the 1/2<111>loop reaction mechanism.H2+and He+dual-beam irradiation induced the formation of<100>loops and 1/2<111>loops,while increasing the irradiation temperature would increase<100>loop percentage.The percentage of<100>loops was approximately 18.6%at 973 K and increased to 22.9%at 1173 K.The loop reaction between two 1/2<111>loops to form a large-sized 1/2<111>loop was in-situ observed,which induced not only the decrease of the number of 1/2<111>loops but also the significant increase of their sizes.The<100>loops impeded the movement of dislocation line and tended to escape from it instead of being absorbed.With the increase of irradiation dose,the yield strength increment(Δ_(σloop))caused by the change of loop size and density increased first and then decreased slightly,while the yield strength increment(Δ_(σbubble))caused by the change of bubble size and density always increased.Meanwhile,within the current irradiation dose range,Δ_(σloop)was much larger thanΔ_(σbubble).

Electron microscopic observations of apoptotic cells in various etiologies of human cardiovascular diseases

Abstract Objective To observe apoptotic process in various cardiovascular disorders with a particular attention to the ultrastructural morphology of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Methods Transmission electron microscopic observations of the tissue specimens obtained from endomyocardial biopsies or surgical excisions of left ventricular myocardium or calcified aortic valves were carried out in 50 patients with various cardiovascular diseases. Results The ultrastructural features of apoptosis was consistently observed in cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in all diseased tissues. In cardiomyopathies and rheumatic heart diseases apoptosis was commonly observed in the cardiomyocytes. It was often found that fibroblasts underwent apoptosis in calcific aortic valve tissues. Apoptosis of arterial smooth muscle cells was a frequent finding in renal arterial stenosis due to Takayasu's arteritis and fibromuscular dysplasia. Regardless of the cell types, the nuclear hallmarks of apoptosis were identical with minor modifications of the fragmentation of the condensed cells into apoptotic bodies. Conclusions Based on electron microscopic findings, it is suggested that the underlying disease processes determine which type of cells predominantly undergoes apoptotic changes in various cardiovascular disorders. In addition, different cells with similar structural morphology may have common ultrastructural features of apoptosis.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CYTOCHEMISTRY OF HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER: ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF FIVE ORGANELLAE MARKER ENZYMES

The distribution of ALPase, ACPase, G6Pase TPPase and CCOase of gastric cancer and normal gastric epithelium were studied ultrastructurally. The results showed that normal gastric epithelium had no ALPase reaction. The reactions of ACPase, G6Pase, TPPase and CCOase were found in the corresponding organellae which were cosistent with their functions. In tubular adenocarcinoma cells, their reactions were more apparent in the corresponding organellae. Some cells of tubular adenocarcinomas showed ALPase reaction. The mucinous adenocarcinoma cells had higher ACPase and TPPase reactions. In poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells, the five marker enzymes showed negative or faint reactions. The biological significance and mechanisms of distribution of the five marker enzymes were discussed.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF TEGUMENTAL DAMAGE IN ADULT SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM AFTER IN VIVO TREATMENT WITH LEVO-PRAZIQUANTEL

The in vivo effects of a single dose of levo-praziquantel,75 mg/kg in PEG 400,on the tegumental surface of adult S.japonicum were compared with the effects of a single dose(150mg/kg) of the mixed isomer preparation,using scanning and transmission electron microscope.Worms were recovered from

The Change of Orientation Relationships Between Austenite and α'-Martensite During Deformation in High Manganese TRIP Steel

In situ observation of electron backscattering diffraction technique was used to evaluate the orientation relationships between austenite and α′-martensite（α′-M） for high manganese transformation-induced plasticity steel.It was noted that different from the thermal martensite,which well obeyed K-S relationship with austenite,the orientation relationship between deformation-induced α′-M with austenite changed during deformation,namely K-S and N-W relations coexisted.No clear differences existed between α′-M variants with two kinds of relationships in terms of martensitic orientation,shape and the misorientation between α′-M variants.And this phenomenon happened in almost all austenitic grains with different orientations investigated in this study.An atom displacement mechanism through conjugate complex slips of partial dislocations in the distorted fcc lattice was applied in this article to interpret the coexistence of K-S and N-W relationships.