Web-Based Data Management and Sharing System for Electron Proke Micro-analysis

This paper proposes a useful web-based system for the management and sharing of electron probe micro-analysis( EPMA)data in geology. A new web-based architecture that integrates the management and sharing functions is developed and implemented.Earth scientists can utilize this system to not only manage their data,but also easily communicate and share it with other researchers.Data query methods provide the core functionality of the proposed management and sharing modules. The modules in this system have been developed using cloud GIS technologies,which help achieve real-time spatial area retrieval on a map. The system has been tested by approximately 263 users at Jilin University and Beijing SHRIMP Center. A survey was conducted among these users to estimate the usability of the primary functions of the system,and the assessment result is summarized and presented.

A double toroidal analyzer for scanning probe electron energy spectrometer

An ultra-high vacuum （UHV） compatible electron spectrometer employing a double toroidal analyzer has been de- veloped. It is designed to be combined with a custom-made scanning tunneling microscope （STM） to study the spatially localized electron energy spectrum on a surface. A tip-sample system composed of a piezo-driven field-emission tungsten tip and a sample of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite （HOPG） is employed to test the performance of the spectrometer. Two-dimensional images of the energy-resolved and angle-dispersed electrons backscattered from the surface of HOPG are obtained, the performance is optimized and the spectrometer is calibrated. A complete electron energy loss spectrum covering the elastic peak to the secondary electron peaks for the HOPG surface, acquired at a tip voltage of -140 V and a sample current of 0.5 pA, is presented, demonstrating the viability of the spectrometer.

Characterization of a New DC-Glow Discharge Plasma Set-Up to Enhance the Electronic Circuits Performance

The (DC-GDPAU) is a DC glow discharge plasma experiment that was designed, established, and operated in the Physics Department at Ain Shams University (Egypt). The aim of this experiment is to study and improve some properties of a printed circuit board (PCB) by exposing it to the plasma. The device consists of cylindrical discharge chamber with movable parallel circular copper electrodes (cathode and anode) fixed inside it. The distance between them is 12 cm. This plasma experiment works in a low-pressure range (0.15 - 0.70 Torr) for Ar gas with a maximum DC power supply of 200 W. The Paschen curves and electrical plasma parameters (current, volt, power, resistance) characterized to the plasma have been measured and calculated at each cm between the two electrodes. Besides, the electron temperature and ion density are obtained at different radial distances using a double Langmuir probe. The electron temperature (KTe) was kept stable in range 6.58 to 10.44 eV;whereas the ion density (ni) was in range from 0.91 × 1010 cm−3 to 1.79 × 1010 cm−3. A digital optical microscope (800×) was employed to draw a comparison between the pre-and after effect of exposure to plasma on the shaping of the circuit layout. The experimental results show that the electrical conductivity increased after plasma exposure, also an improvement in the adhesion force in the Cu foil surface. A significant increase in the conductivity can be directly related to the position of the sample surfaces as well as to the time of exposure. This shows the importance of the obtained results in developing the PCBs manufacturing that uses in different microelectronics devices like those onboard of space vehicles.

Frequency dependence of electron temperature in hollow cathode-type discharge as measured by several different floating probe methods

We measured electron temperatures through a hollow cathode-type discharge tube using several different floating probe methods. This method detected a shift in the floating potential when an AC voltage was applied to a probe through an intermediary blocking capacitor. The shift in the floating potential is described as a function of the electron temperature and the applied AC voltage. In this study, the effects of the frequency and waveform on the electron temperatures were systematically investigated. The electron temperature measured when using the floating probe method with applied sinusoidal and triangular voltages was lower than that measured with an applied rectangular voltage.The value in the high frequency range was close to that of the tail electron temperature.

Electron Temperature Measurement by Floating Probe Method Using AC Voltage

This study presents a novel floating probe method to measure electron temperatures using a hollow cathode-type discharge tube. The proposed method detects a shift in the floating potential when an AC voltage is applied to a probe through an intermediary blocking capacitor. The shift in the floating potential is described as a function of the electron temperature and the applied AC voltage. The floating probe method is simpler than the Langmuir probe method because it does not require the measurement of volt-ampere characteristics. As the input AC voltage increases, the electron temperature converges. The electron temperature measured using the floating probe method with an applied sinusoidal voltage shows a value close to the first （tail） electron temperature in the range of the floating potential.

Detection of distribution of copper inside and outside of lysosomes in cultured hepatolenticular degeneration fibroblasts by electron probe X-ray microanalysis

OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of copper in the subcellular structure for the understanding of primary pathogenesis of hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS: Skin fibroblasts taken from HLD patients were cultured as an in vitro model of HLD, and the control cells taken from healthy volunteers were clutured in the same way. The distribution of copper inside and outside of lysosomes in fibroblasts was detected by quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The relationship between the subcellular location of copper and the genotype of the patients, and relationship between the distribution of copper and the course of the disease were analyzed. RESULTS: The content of Cu^(2+) inside lysosomes of HLD cells (14.6±2.1 mmol/kg) and of heterozygote cells (11.6±0.6 mmol/kg) was higher than that of normal cells (4.5±1.2 mmol/kg) (P<0.01). The content of Cu^(2+) outside lysosomes of HLD cells (17.5±4.2 mmol/kg) and of heterozygote cells (12.0±0.9 mmol/kg) was higher than that of normal cells (4.7±1.2 mmol/kg) (P<0.01). The distribution of copper in the subcellular structure was correlated with disease courses of HLD patients. With the progression of the disease, more copper was deposited in lysosomes (r=0.85, P<0.01). The content of copper in the diffused cytoplasmic compartment in HLD cells was correlated with that of sulfur (r=0.86, P<0.05), but not in heterozygote and normal cells. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stage of HLD, copper is accumulated outside lysosome, which is paralleled with increase of metallothionein-like proteins (copper and sulfur-binding proteins). With the development of the disease, more copper is deposited inside lysosome than outside lysosome. We conclude that the up-regulation expression of copper and sulfur-binding proteins and copper accumulation in lysosomes may play an important role in lowering the ATP7B gene mutation-induced toxic effects of free copper on the cell.

Electron probe microanalysis оf experimentally stimulated osteoarthrosis in dogs

AIM To develop methods of articular cartilage preparation for X-ray-electron probe microanalysis and to study its elements content in experimental osteoarthrosis.METHODS Twenty dogs aged 2-8 years were divided in research(aged 2 years, induction of osteoarthrosis-IOA) and intact group. Intact group included three subgroups(aged 2, 5 and 8 years). Samples of cartilage after araldite saturation and pouring were partially cut into semithin sections stained with methylene blue and with methylene blue-basic fuchsin. Their smooth surfaces were investigated by X-ray-electron probe microanalysis. Spatial distribution of sulfur, calcium and phosphorus and their concentrations(weight %) were investigated.RESULTS X-ray electron probe microanalysis revealed non-uniformsulfur distribution in cartilage of intact animals: Its content increases from superficial zone to deep one, this regularity was preserved in animals with IOA. Differences of IOA with spontaneous chondropathy were revealed. Spontaneous aging was characterized by calcium and phosphorus storage in deep and calcified zones and compensatory increase of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in intermediate and deep cartilage zones as evidenced by the metachromatic reaction and microanalysis data. Unlike spontaneous chondropathy connected with aging in experimentally stimulated osteoarthrosis more intensive storage of calcium but minor phosphorus in intermediate zone were marked. In IOA the calcified cartilage thinning and osteoclastic resorption are apparent with few changes of elements composition; the only difference from control is minority phosphorus content.CONCLUSION The obtained results demonstrate specific tricks of X-ray electron probe microanalysis and its possibility in the research of mechanisms of articular cartilage alterations in osteoarthrosis.

Electron Beam Probe Development at IMP

The High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF)is dedicated to plrovide high intensity heavy ion beams.For ^(238)U^(34+),the maximal energy available is 800 MeV/u with an intensity up to 1.0×11 particles per pulse(ppp).

东昆仑大格勒富铌碳酸岩矿物学特征

东昆仑大格勒地区新发现一套碱性岩-碳酸岩杂岩体,具有很好的铌等稀有金属成矿潜力。本文在岩相学研究基础上,结合背散射电子图像,应用电子探针能谱半定量分析和波谱定量分析技术,对东昆仑大格勒富铌碳酸岩中的铌矿物进行了原位微区成分分析。岩相学观察表明,铌矿物主要为铌铁矿族、铌钙矿、烧绿石、褐铈铌矿、铌易解石,含铌矿物为含铌钛铁矿、斜锆石。铌矿物嵌布粒度较细,嵌布关系紧密而复杂。其中,铌铁矿族常与磁铁矿、铌钙矿、褐铈铌矿和磷灰石紧密共生,多以细粒状集合体呈浸染状、星散型沿磁铁矿裂纹与边部进行交代。铌钙矿、烧绿石和褐铈铌矿常与铌铁矿、磁铁矿和磷灰石紧密共生,铌钙矿局部与铌铁矿呈不规则状接触分布,烧绿石呈不规则状沿铌铁矿边部分布,褐铈铌矿多以团块状沿铌铁矿边部分布。铌易解石与磁铁矿紧密共生,呈不规则状接触。初步推断铌矿物包括岩浆期形成的烧绿石和铌易解石,热液期形成的铌铁矿、铌钙矿、烧绿石和褐铈铌矿。矿物组合初步显示,大格勒富铌碳酸岩中的铌至少经过了岩浆和热液两个时期的富集。电子探针分析结果表明,主要铌矿物的Nb_(2)O_(5)平均含量分别为:铌铁矿族69.92%,铌钙矿59.55%,烧绿石59.14%,褐铈铌矿43.12%,铌易解石41.55%;含铌矿物的Nb_(2)O_(5)平均含量分别为:含铌钛铁矿1.33%,斜锆石1.22%。其中,铌铁矿族和铌钙矿、烧绿石为可选且具有工业价值的铌矿物。

STEM朗奇图和电子束斑模拟插件

在扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)中,实现原子级分辨率的关键在于精确的像差校正,这通常依赖于朗奇图的测量和优化。对于STEM的新手而言,理解和优化朗奇图是一项极具挑战性的任务,往往需要长时间的实践积累才能掌握。本研究介绍了一种朗奇图及电子束斑模拟分析插件,用户可直接调整各种像差参数(包括像散、球差、慧差等),实时观察这些参数变化如何影响朗奇图,从而更直观地理解各种像差对朗奇图和电子束斑的影响。此外,插件还提供focus wobble功能,动态显示不同焦距下的朗奇图和电子束斑,模拟实际实验过程中在正焦附近循环调焦时的朗奇图和电子束斑。该插件不仅为初学者理解像差方程提供了直观图像演示,进而更加便捷和迅速地掌握球差校正电镜的调节和使用,也为研究人员提供了一种展示像差方程、朗奇图和电子束斑的图形化工具。

基于耳石微化学的大洋河刀鲚生境履历研究

为探明大洋河刀鲚(Coilia nasus)的“生境履历”,利用电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)对2020年7月和9月采自大洋河下游水域20尾刀鲚的矢耳石进行了锶(Sr)和钙(Ca)的微化学分析研究。定量线分析结果显示,刀鲚样本均为淡水起源,淡水生境Sr/Ca比值在(1.49±0.61—2.75±0.53),淡水系数(Fc)在(0.08—0.52),淡水区域径长在(150—900μm)。进入第二变化阶段后“生境履历”波动显著,Sr/Ca比值变化可将大洋河刀鲚分为3种模式,第一种是中高值区(半咸水或海水)越冬,繁殖季溯河洄游至低值区(淡水);第二种是长期栖息于中高值区,无溯河洄游现象;第三种是在中高值区和低值区多次转换,DYH 05、19个体最高完成9次转换。Sr面分析结果也与上述Sr/Ca比值结果相同。这三种模式直观地反映出大洋河刀鲚群体“生境履历”的多样性特点。

赣南斑岩锡矿田云英岩型锂矿中锂的赋存状态研究

云英岩型锂矿作为近年来新的锂矿类型,具有重要的理论研究和经济价值。然而,在中国南岭及其周缘世界级的钨锡成矿省中,伴生云英岩型锂矿化的综合评价却稍显不足。本课题组在赣南岩背斑岩锡矿田新发现了云英岩型的锂矿,矿体产于密坑山岩体与上覆鸡笼嶂组火山岩的接触带附近的云英岩带内,发育三种矿化类型:云英岩带型和花岗岩、火山岩内的含锂云母-石英脉型。矿体中Li_(2)O的含量最高可达1.04%,主要集中于0.2%~0.3%,具有显著的综合利用价值。为了确定云英岩型锂矿中Li的赋存状态及Li、Sn之间的关系等特征,本文开展了详细的镜下观察,扫描电镜、电子探针和LA-ICP-MS分析,确定了岩背矿田不同于国内外其他典型云英岩型锂矿床大量发育锂云母-铁锂云母系列,其Li载体矿物主要为黑鳞云母,具有高Si、Al、K、Fe、Li的特征,且未经历极端的流体分异演化过程。Li的成矿主要与矿区含斑细粒花岗岩有关,在岩浆晚期高温热液阶段与Sn共同富集,并以Si^(4+)+Li^(+)←→Al^(Ⅳ)+Fe^(T)耦合类质同象形式进入云母。

东昆仑大格勒地区富铌橄榄岩中的含铌矿物组成

铌(Nb)是我国极度紧缺的战略性矿产资源,对外依存度非常高。近期本研究团队在东昆仑大格勒地区发现了志留纪–泥盆纪碱性岩–碳酸岩型铌、磷矿化杂岩体,岩石类型主要为橄榄岩、单斜辉石岩、橄榄辉长岩、角闪石岩和碳酸岩等。橄榄岩中Nb_(2)O_(5)品位为0.5%~0.8%,平均为0.6%,是原始地幔Nb丰度(0.713×10^(-6))的数千倍,显示了Nb元素的超常富集。本文在光学显微镜岩相学研究的基础上,应用电子探针背散射图像、能谱分析及电子探针定量分析技术,对橄榄岩中含铌矿物类型、共生关系及其化学组成进行研究。结果表明,橄榄岩中含铌矿物主要为烧绿石、(铈)铌钙矿、(铈)钙钛铌矿、褐铈铌矿和含铌钛铁矿,其中烧绿石含量最高(约1%)。5种矿物中Nb_(2)O_(5)含量依次为:烧绿石(71.45%~74.50%)、(铈)铌钙矿(50.96%~55.26%)、(铈)钙钛铌矿(43.27%~47.73%)、褐铈铌矿(41.63%~44.26%)以及含铌钛铁矿(4.63%~4.99%)。烧绿石呈半自形粒状晶,充填于磁铁矿等矿物粒间。本研究为东昆仑造山带碱性–碳酸岩型铌矿成矿潜力分析、成矿规律总结以及下一步矿产勘查部署提供了依据。

实验室研究等离子体鞘套测量方法和干预技术

航天飞行器再入大气层时,由于激波加热和热化学防护材料的烧蚀等原因,会在飞行器表面形成致密的等离子体鞘套,从而造成无线电通信信号中断。因此,减轻和消除黑障对飞行器测控安全至关重要。为了解决该难题,本文针对性地发展了适用于等离子体鞘套测量的探针设备和主动干预的技术,并利用实验室等离子体进行了验证。首先,提出了一种静电-微波复合探针,基于探针和飞行器表面曲面共形的优势,可以实时、有效地探测黑障高温流场中的电子密度;进一步,发展了亲电子物质释放实验主动干预方法,地面模拟实验表明该方法可以有效地降低流场等离子体中的电子密度。

太阳辐射通量对星载朗缪尔探针等离子体密度测量精度的影响

本文利用Swarm C卫星和CHAMP卫星搭载的朗缪尔探针测量的电离层就位等离子体密度数据和位于Arecibo及Jicamarca两座非相干散射雷达测量的电子密度数据进行了详细、全面的对比.除此之外,本文还使用了利用GRACE卫星星间测距系统(K-Band Ranging system,KBR)计算得到的星间平均电子密度作为进一步对比.总体上来看,Swarm C、CHAMP和GRACE三颗卫星都与两台地基非相干散射雷达观测数据展现出了良好的线性关系,相关系数分别达到了0.96,0.97,0.96.不同的是,Swarm C卫星与雷达观测间的误差表现出了对太阳辐射通量的依赖,而该依赖关系在CHAMP和GRACE卫星等离子体密度数据中却不明显.结合三颗卫星飞行期间其所处高度及太阳辐射通量的变化,我们认为星载朗缪尔探针的测量结果与探头周围的离子成分有密切关系.比如,在Swarm卫星的数据反演算法中没有考虑离子成分变化对等离子体密度反演精度的影响.在太阳活动低年,较轻的离子(比如H~+)从等离子体层向下扩散到Swarm卫星轨道高度时,其朗缪尔探针就会高估探头周围的等离子体密度.这一影响主要出现在太阳活动低年,且在夜侧要显著大于日侧.与Swarm卫星不同的是,CHAMP卫星的轨道高度随着时间下降(从450 km降至320 km)与太阳辐射通量水平下降的趋势一致,导致CHAMP卫星高度的离子成分变化不明显,其等离子体密度测量误差没有展现出对太阳活动的依赖性.此外,虽然GRACE卫星在2008—2009极低太阳活动年期间,其轨道高度维持在约480 km,但其测量方法并不依赖于卫星周围离子成分的变化,因此其测量结果与雷达观测间的误差也未表现出明显的太阳活动依赖.该对比结果显示了基于GRACE星间测距系统得到的顶部电离层等离子体密度可以为其他基于朗缪尔探针测量的低轨道卫星提供很好的绝对值参考,有助于其他卫星等离子体密度测量的在轨标较.

磷铍钙石中铍元素的电子探针定量分析

前人使用配有LDEB或LDE3H的电子探针,建立了针对铍硅酸盐、铍氧化物以及铍硼酸盐中Be含量的定量分析方法。然而,缺乏对铍磷酸盐矿物中Be含量的定量分析方法。目前,使用配备LSA300分光晶体的电子探针对铍磷酸盐矿物进行分析时,P元素的高级次阶峰会抬高Be Kα峰的上背景值,从而导致Be含量的测量结果不准确。本文使用配备LDE3H分光晶体的电子探针,对江西狮子岭花岗岩中的磷铍钙石,采用不同的加速电压和分析束流,进行最佳定量分析条件的探索。实验结果表明:磷铍钙石的最佳电子探针定量分析条件为:加速电压10kV,分析束流20nA。在此条件下,获得的磷铍钙石P_(2)O_(5)平均含量为43.23%,BeO平均含量为15.39%,CaO平均含量为33.89%,F平均含量为7.94%,BeO标准误差为0.3%。本研究发现配有LDE3H分光晶体的电子探针,可以设置合适的Be背景来消除P的高级次阶峰的干扰。此外,含Be矿物的测量难点与Be特征X射线本身的特征、含Be矿物的晶体结构、化学成分均有关。磷铍钙石定量分析方法的探索,解决了电子探针对铍磷酸盐矿物Be元素进行准确定量时,P元素产生的干扰难题,进一步提升电子探针对铍含量测量的准确度。

川西南峨眉山玄武岩中蚀变绿泥石的成分特征及其地质意义

在火山岩和碎屑岩储层中普遍发育大量绿泥石,影响着物性。为查明火山岩中蚀变绿泥石的成因及其对储层物性的影响,本次工作选取川西南峨眉山典型剖面、ZG1井、ZG2井以及YT1井等系列玄武岩样品进行岩相学研究和电子探针微区成分分析。结果显示:玄武岩中绿泥石大致可分为显晶质、隐晶质和微晶3种结晶类型,总体上属于富铁种属的铁斜绿泥石(辉绿泥石)和铁镁绿泥石,形成于富铁的还原环境;隐晶质与微晶和显晶质绿泥石分别受到岩浆期后热液和来自深部的多期次构造热液叠加蚀变的控制,形成主要表现为Fe^(2+)对Mg^(2+)的成分置换,反映流体具有从碱性向弱酸性-中酸性过渡的变化规律。绿泥石的形成过程对火山岩储集空间的影响具有双重作用:岩浆期后热液的充填结晶充填减少了火山岩原生孔隙并降低储层物性,对火山岩储层起到破坏性作用;多期次构造热液的溶蚀迁移沉淀则产生了新的微孔,对火山岩储层起到建设性作用。

一种等离子体溯源测量装置设计及性能测试

文章设计了一套等离子体溯源测量装置为验证感应耦合等离子体(ICP)源作为校准源的性能,找出满足朗缪尔探针溯源校准的最佳等离子体测试条件,提升测试准确性,采用控制变量法对不同工况下ICP源等离子体电子密度和电子温度的稳定性和均匀性,以及电子密度的重复性进行测试。结果表明:在放电开始5~20 min内,等离子体电子密度和电子温度的稳定性分别优于99.4%和98.9%;在探针伸入真空腔体内440~480 mm的范围内,等离子体电子密度和电子温度的均匀性分别优于97.2%和93.6%;在等离子体源放电功率100~900 W范围时,等离子体电子密度的重复性优于86.6%,并且多数在92%以上。本研究可为后续等离子体诊断手段的优化提供参考。

基于Fortran语言的地球外辐射带电子三维数据同化建模

开发地球电子辐射带的数据同化模型,对于理解辐射带电子的动态演化过程和辐射带空间天气预报具有重要意义.结合范阿伦卫星的辐射带电子观测数据和外辐射带三维扩散模型,采用卡尔曼滤波算法,本文开发了基于Fortran语言的外辐射带电子三维数据同化模型(Three-dimensional Data Assimilative Model of Outer Radiation belt Electrons,简称TDAMORE),实现对L^(*)=3~7、能量范围为0.1~5 MeV、投掷角范围为5°~90°的外辐射带电子时空变化过程的三维重构.通过对2018年8月期间外辐射带电子通量演化过程的重构,证实TDAMORE模型可以较好地重现不同能量和不同投掷角电子通量在磁暴前后的演化特征.通过分析电子通量的观测和同化结果之间的相关系数、平均误差、平均绝对误差和均方误差,发现对于能量低于4 MeV的电子,观测与同化结果之间的相关系数基本大于0.8且误差相对较低.而对于更高能量的电子,观测与同化结果之间的误差相对较高,这可能是同化模型忽略了电磁离子回旋波对电子的散射损失导致的.

球形敏感单元微瞄准形成金属/空气/金属微观界面中的电子输运机理研究

针对惯性陀螺和航空、航天发动机等高端/尖端仪器装备中,深孔、沟槽等内腔体结构的高精度测量对非接触传感方法提出的挑战性需求,展开球形敏感单元瞄准被测件形成金属/空气/金属微观界面中的敏感机理研究。从绝缘介质薄层电子输运机理和绝缘介质性质改变而产生电子输运两个角度,对包括电子隧穿在内的电子输运机理进行形成条件和电流密度特性的分析,揭示球形敏感单元微瞄准形成的金属/空气/金属微观界面中,产生传感电流的电子输运主要机理为福勒-诺德海姆隧穿效应,为探索新原理的三维非接触式纳米传感方法奠定了基础。