In view of the omnipresence of electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems in daily life and the increasing number of patients with active implants, there is concern about adverse electromagnetic interference in par...In view of the omnipresence of electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems in daily life and the increasing number of patients with active implants, there is concern about adverse electromagnetic interference in particular cardiac pacemakers (CPM) and cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), which due to sensing electrocardial signals are particularly vulnerable. To provide quantitative information interference of monopolar CPM and ICD by EAS systems operating at 8.2MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) investigations have been performed by exposing numerical anatomical models of pacemaker patients with implants at the conventional left or right pectoral sites and at the abdomen to magnetic fields of a simulated EAS gate source. Investigation of normal position in the centre and worst case with the back next to the gate showed that adverse interference such as inadequate sensing need not be expected at any position. This applies for conventional sensing thresholds even if the exposure span of existing EAS systems is taken into account. However, if full use is made of the newly expanded exposure budget, adverse interference cannot be excluded.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Zimbabwe started HIV case-based surveillance in April 2017. Rapid testing for HIV recent infection was introduced into routine HIV and testing services in 2019 along with the I...<strong>Background:</strong> Zimbabwe started HIV case-based surveillance in April 2017. Rapid testing for HIV recent infection was introduced into routine HIV and testing services in 2019 along with the Impilo Electronic Health Record System. For the period January-June 2020, only 1 out of 13 health facilities in Mutare district reported seven newly diagnosed HIV patients through the electronic health record system compared to 483 in the District Health Information System (DHIS-2) recorded from paper-based registers. We evaluated the case-based surveillance system attributes, usefulness and reasons for under-reporting from January-December 2020. <strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using updated Centres for Disease Control guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Questionnaires were administered to 36 health workers involved in HIV testing services. Facility checklists were used to collect data on knowledge, system attributes and usefulness of the system. Completed HIV case-based surveillance forms were assessed for completeness. Epi Info Version 7 was used to generate frequencies, means and proportions. <strong>Results:</strong> The reasons for under-reporting of patients in the electronic health record system were lack of reporting guidelines 26/36 (72%), limited coordination between technical staff and health facilities 24/36 (67%) and limited competency on the Electronic health record system 22/36 (61%). Timeliness, completeness, and validity were 88%, 82% and 100% respectively. The stability of the system was affected by the lack of standard operating procedures during system interruptions. Overall representativeness was 45% despite increasing from 3/226 (1%) to 224/303 (73%) between Quarter-1 and Quarter-4 of 2020. Acceptability was 100% due to reduced paperwork and the ability to generate simple reports. The information generated was used to identify new infection hotspots 28/36 (78%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The HIV cases based surveillance system was timely, acceptable with good data quality. Representativeness was poor due to limited competency on the electronic health record system. As a result, health workers received further training.展开更多
文摘In view of the omnipresence of electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems in daily life and the increasing number of patients with active implants, there is concern about adverse electromagnetic interference in particular cardiac pacemakers (CPM) and cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), which due to sensing electrocardial signals are particularly vulnerable. To provide quantitative information interference of monopolar CPM and ICD by EAS systems operating at 8.2MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) investigations have been performed by exposing numerical anatomical models of pacemaker patients with implants at the conventional left or right pectoral sites and at the abdomen to magnetic fields of a simulated EAS gate source. Investigation of normal position in the centre and worst case with the back next to the gate showed that adverse interference such as inadequate sensing need not be expected at any position. This applies for conventional sensing thresholds even if the exposure span of existing EAS systems is taken into account. However, if full use is made of the newly expanded exposure budget, adverse interference cannot be excluded.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Zimbabwe started HIV case-based surveillance in April 2017. Rapid testing for HIV recent infection was introduced into routine HIV and testing services in 2019 along with the Impilo Electronic Health Record System. For the period January-June 2020, only 1 out of 13 health facilities in Mutare district reported seven newly diagnosed HIV patients through the electronic health record system compared to 483 in the District Health Information System (DHIS-2) recorded from paper-based registers. We evaluated the case-based surveillance system attributes, usefulness and reasons for under-reporting from January-December 2020. <strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using updated Centres for Disease Control guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Questionnaires were administered to 36 health workers involved in HIV testing services. Facility checklists were used to collect data on knowledge, system attributes and usefulness of the system. Completed HIV case-based surveillance forms were assessed for completeness. Epi Info Version 7 was used to generate frequencies, means and proportions. <strong>Results:</strong> The reasons for under-reporting of patients in the electronic health record system were lack of reporting guidelines 26/36 (72%), limited coordination between technical staff and health facilities 24/36 (67%) and limited competency on the Electronic health record system 22/36 (61%). Timeliness, completeness, and validity were 88%, 82% and 100% respectively. The stability of the system was affected by the lack of standard operating procedures during system interruptions. Overall representativeness was 45% despite increasing from 3/226 (1%) to 224/303 (73%) between Quarter-1 and Quarter-4 of 2020. Acceptability was 100% due to reduced paperwork and the ability to generate simple reports. The information generated was used to identify new infection hotspots 28/36 (78%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The HIV cases based surveillance system was timely, acceptable with good data quality. Representativeness was poor due to limited competency on the electronic health record system. As a result, health workers received further training.
