Determination of Ten Kinds of Alpha-2 Agonists Residues in Animal Derived Food by UHPLC-Triple Quadrupole/Composite Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]The paper was to establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/linear ion trap complex mass spectrometry for the determination of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists in animal derived food.[Methods]The samples were extracted with sodium carbonate buffer solution and ethyl acetate,and analyzed by mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography separation.[Results]Ten kinds ofα2-receptor agonists showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1-100μg/mL,with the average recovery of over 69%and the relative standard deviation less than 8.32%.The detection limit of 10 kinds of α_(2)-receptor agonists was up to 1μg/kg.[Conclusions]The method has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability,and can meet the requirements of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists residues in animal derived food.

Identification,structure elucidation and origin of a common pyridinium-thiocyanate intermediate in electrospray mass spectrometry among the benziamidazole-class proton pump inhibitors

During the analysis of benziamidazole-class irreversible proton pump inhibitors,an unusual mass spectral response with the mass-to-charge ratio at[Mt10]t intrigued us,as it couldn't be assigned to any literature known relevant structure,intermediate or adduct ion.Moreover,this mysterious mass pattern of[Mt10]t has been gradually observed by series of marketed proton pump inhibitors,viz.omeprazole,pantoprazole,lansoprazole and rabeprazole.All the previous attempts to isolate the corresponding component were unsuccessful.The investigation of present work addresses this kind of signal to a pyridinium thiocyanate mass spectral intermediate(10),which is the common fragment ion of series of labile aggregates.The origin of such aggregates can be traced to the reactive intermediates formed by acid-promoted degradation.These reactive intermediates tend to react with each other and give raise series of complicated aggregates systematically in a water/acetonitrile solution by electrospray ionization.The structure of the corresponding pyridinium thiocyanate species of omeprazole(10a)has been eventually characterized with the help of synthetic specimen(10a′).Our structural proposal as well as its origin was supported by in situ nuclear magnetic resonance,chemical derivatization and colorimetric experiments.

Analysis of Norditerpenoid Alkaloids Extracted from Aconitum sinomantanum Nakai by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry（ESI-MS） was applied simultaneously in determining norditerpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum sinomantanum Nakai （RAS） based on molecular mass information. The tandem mass spectra（ ESI-MS^n） provided the alkaloidal structural information, through which the existence of these alkaloids was further confirmed. Accordingly, six known norditerpenoid alkaloids were simultaneously determined on the basis of their ESI-MS^n spectra. Furthermore, based on the diagnostic fragmentation pathways of alkaloidal MS^n, a rapid method for direct detection and characterization of alkaloids from an ethanolic extract of RAS was described.

Liquid Chromatography-electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Determination of Metformin and Glimepiride in Beagle Dog Plasma and Bioequivalence Study

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry（LC- ES1-MS/MS） was used for the simultaneous determination of metformin and glimepiride in beagle dog plasma with glipizide as internal standard（IS）. After simplified protein precipitation with methanol, both the analytes and IS were chromatographed on a Zorbax CN column via gradient elution with methanol（containing 5 mmol/L ammonium ace- tate） and 5 mmol/L aqueous ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring（MRM） scanning via ESI source operated in positive ionization mode. Specificity, linearity, accuracy, pre- cision, recovery, matrix effect and stability were validated for metformin and glimepiride in beagle dog plasma. The calibration curves were linear in a concentration range of 10-10000 ng/mL for metformin and 4-4000 ng/mL for glimepiride with both correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The recoveries obtained for the analytes and IS were all between 82.7% and 101.2%. The method exhibited excellent performance in terms of selectivity, robustness, short analytical time and simplicity of sample preparation. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a bioequivalence study of self-made bilayer tablet and commercial formulation containing 500 mg of metformin and 1 mg of glimepi- ride in beagle dogs.

Studies on Fragmentation Pathways of N-Ethoxy(phenyl) phosphoryl Amino Acids by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The positive and negative ESI-MS/MS spectra of N-ethoxy（phenyl） phosphoryl amino acids（EPP-AA） were investigated by electrospray ionization（ESI） ion trap mass spectrometry. The fragmentation pathways of [ M ＋ Na]^＋ and [ M - H]^- ions are proposed and rationalized. The observation may have some potential applications in the interpretation of the MS/MS spectra of novel N-phosphoryl compounds. The complexity of MS/MS spectra of EPP-AA [ M ＋ Na]^＋ ions is decreased compared with that of N-dialkyloxyphosphoryl amino acid. Therefore, the new phosphonamidate method may be considered one of the superior methods that can be used in sequencing peptides and proteins extensively.

The Application of Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry for <i>de novo</i>Sequencing of Reduced Insulins

Insulin, a blood glucose level mediator, is the mainstream therapeutic choice for diabetes patients. Since patent protection for many originator products is about to expire, manufacturers of follow-on insulin are determined to get their products authorized. According to regulations, a fundamental requirement for biosimilar compounds is that the chemical structure should be the same as that of the originator drug. Hence, the application of qualitative analysis for insulin products is essential during the production and development of biosimilars. In this study, the electrospray tandem MS/MS based de novo sequencing method was developed and validated by analyzing two insulin products with similar primary structures, namely recombinant human insulin and insulin aspart. The results indicated that the complete sequences of both reduced insulins are largely identifiable, although differentiation between leucine and isoleucine is not achieved. More importantly, the observed mass accuracy was substantial. The method can, therefore be applied to quality control and drug development.

Studies on Fragmentation of Peptide by Nano-electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Multi-stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The sequence analysis of peptides was performed by nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance tandem mass spectrometry（Nano-ESI-FT-ICR-MSn） and several peptides were chosen as examples. With the aid of the collision induced dissociation（CID）, FT-ICR provides not only precise mass/charge ratio, but also structure information of the selected peptides. The fragment ions were identified according to the observed molecular weights and peptide sequence was determined successfully. So Nano-ESI-FT-ICR-MSn is a useful tool for identification of the amino acid sequence of peptides with high confidence. Besides, a pathway for the dehydration of y ions without amino acids containing carboxylic acid under sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation（SORI-CID） condition was proposed.

Simultaneous identification and quantification of tetrodotoxin in fresh pufferfish and pufferfish-based products using immunoaffinity columns and liquid chromatography/quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry

In this study, we established a comprehensive method for simultaneous identification and quantification of tetrodotoxin （TTX） in fresh pufferfish tissues and pufferfish-based products using liquid chromatography/quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry （LC-QqLIT-MS）. TTX was extracted by 1% acetic acid-methanol, and most of the lipids were then removed by freezing lipid precipitation, followed by purification and concentration using immunoaffinity columns （IACs）. Matrix effects were substantially reduced due to the high specificity of the IACs, and thus, background interference was avoided. Quantitation analysis was therefore performed using an external calibration curve with standards prepared in mobile phase. The method was evaluated by fortifying samples at 1, 10, and 100 ng/g, respectively, and the recoveries ranged from 75.8%--107%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 15%. The TTX calibration curves were linear over the range of 1-1 000 ~tg/L, with a detection limit of 0.3 ng/g and a quantification limit of 1 ng/g. Using this method, samples can be further analyzed using an information- dependent acquisition （IDA） experiment, in the positive mode, from a single liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry injection, which can provide an extra level of confirmation by matching the full product ion spectra acquired for a standard sample with those from an enhanced product ion （EPI） library. The scheduled multiple reaction monitoring method enabled TTX to be screened for, and TTX was positively identified using the IDA and EPI spectra. This method was successfully applied to analyze a total of 206 samples of fresh pufferfish tissues and pufferfish-based products. The results from this study show that the proposed method can be used to quantify and identify TTX in a single run with excellent sensitivity and reproducibility, and is suitable for the analysis of complex matrix pufferfish samples.

Trace-Level Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Lake Sediment Samples Using Ion Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The analysis of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in soil and sediment samples has been predominantly carried out in materials containing elevated levels. Reliable analysis of trace-level of Cr(VI) in sediment samples remains challenging. Cr(VI) analyses with multipoint calibration and speciated isotope dilution (SID) adapted from U.S. EPA method 6800 were used to measure lower-level Cr(VI) on an ion chromatograph coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (IC-MS/MS). Lake sediment samples were collected from various locations in Northern Ontario and Cr(VI) was extracted using both alkaline digestion and ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extraction. Certified reference materials were extracted and analyzed by IC-MS/MS and UV-VIS detection. The SID-MS approach allowed for the quantification of Cr(VI) in samples with concentration levels below 0.5 μg.g-1 wet weight.

基于UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS结合多元统计分析的不同产地、不同部位乌药中核苷和氨基酸类成分分析

本研究建立了一种超快速液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱-串联质谱(UFLC-QTrap-MS/MS)同时测定乌药中11种核苷类和14种氨基酸类成分的分析方法,并结合多元统计分析比较不同产地、不同部位乌药的质量。采用Waters XBridge Amide色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm×3.5μm),以0.2%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测(MRM)进行质谱检测;基于各成分的质量浓度,用方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)、层次聚类分析(HCA)、逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)以及灰色关联度分析(GRA),对不同产地、不同部位乌药样品进行综合评价。结果表明,所测成分在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9924;精密度、重复性、稳定性良好,平均加样回收率为94.86%~106.47%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4.55%。不同产地、不同部位乌药样品间存在一定的差异,HCA和PCA 2种方法均将样品分为3类。OPLS-DA模型分析通过VIP值共筛选得到6个差异性化合物,分别为尿苷、丙氨酸、胞嘧啶、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤。该方法简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于乌药中核苷和氨基酸类成分的同时测定,为药材质量评价和综合利用提供方法参考。

基于UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS对铁皮石斛水提物不同极性溶剂萃取物化学成分分析

目的建立超高效液相色谱串联—四极杆—静电场轨道阱质谱技术(ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS)对铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura&Migo)水提物石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇3种萃取组分进行定性表征的方法。方法提取铁皮石斛水提物并依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,旋蒸浓缩后,得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取组分。样品经UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS分析,根据元素组成、分子量、质荷比、离子碎片等确定化合物信息并推导裂解规律,通过与文献、MzCloud、MzVault、PudChem、本地数据库比对确定鉴定结果。结果在正负离子模式下共鉴定出化合物62种,包括黄酮类成分20种,联苄类成分6种,羧酸及其衍生物6种,脂肪酸及其衍生物6种,酚类成分4种,氨基酸及其衍生物3种,糖类成分2种,生物碱类、苯丙素、蒽醌、萜类化合物各1种,其他类成分3种,还检测到8种含量较高、质谱信号较强的未知成分。其中水提石油醚萃取物中鉴定出化合物7种,乙酸乙酯萃取物中鉴定出化合物36种,正丁醇萃取物中鉴定出化合物48种。通过与文献比对,62种化合物中有7种化合物为首次从铁皮石斛中提取得到。结论该方法可快速有效分析铁皮石斛中多种化学成分,可为铁皮石斛质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供参考。

Screening and Identifying of Nephrotoxic Compounds in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Using Live-cell Fluorescence Imaging and Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In order to identify the potential nephrotoxic compounds in traditional Chinese medicine Lithospermum erythrorhizon,it was separated into serial fractions according to their polarities.An in vitro method was utilized to determine the nephrotoxicity of these fractions with the help of fluorescence image analysis.As a result,the primary fraction A05 and its secondary fractions C06 ＂C09 and C12 ＂C14 were found to have significant toxicity to LLC-PK1 cell line,as determined by the survive rate less than 20% after they were treated with these fractions.These potential nephrotoxic fractions were further analyzed by multistage and high resolution mass spectrometry.The main compounds in these fractions were tentatively identified to be acetylshikonin,isobutyrylshikonin,β,β＇-dimethyla-cryloylshikonin,and isovalerylshikonin,which may bring nephrotoxicity.

QTRAP LC-MS/MS法检测血、尿中莫达非尼

本文采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆/线性离子阱质谱技术,建立血液、尿液中莫达非尼的检测方法。选取卡马西平为内标,血液、尿液经甲醇/乙腈(体积比1︰1)混合提取剂提取,高速离心,取上清液过滤膜,以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸/水溶液和0.1%(体积分数)甲酸/乙腈作为流动相,经Phenomenex Kinetex~?C18(2.1mm×100 mm×2.6μm)色谱柱分离,以电喷雾正离子多反应监测-信息依赖性采集-增强离子扫描(MRMIDA-EPI),结合二级谱库检索进行分析。结果显示,莫达非尼在1~80 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数大于0.997;血液、尿液方法检出限(S/N≥3)均为0.5 ng/mL,定量限(S/N≥10)均为0.8 ng/mL;2、20、80 ng/mL低、中、高添加浓度水平血液、尿液回收率分别为80.1%~110.3%、87.9%~109.1%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。此方法可满足实际办案中对莫达非尼滥用者血液、尿液的定性定量分析。

MALDI coupled with laser-postionization and trapped ion mobility spectrometry contribute to the enhanced detection of lipids in cancer cell spheroids

Cancer cell spheroids(CCS) are a valuable three-dimensional cell model in cancer studies because they could replicate numerous characteristics of solid tumors. Increasing researches have used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI) to investigate the spatial distribution of endogenous compounds(e.g., lipids) in CCS. However, only limited lipid species can be detected owing to a low ion yield by using MALDI. Besides, it is still challenging to fully characterize the structural diversity of lipids due to the existence of isomeric/isobaric species. Here, we carried out the initial application of MALDI coupled with laser-postionization(MALDI-2) and trapped ion mobility spectrometry(TIMS) imaging in HCT116 colon CCS to address these challenges. We demonstrated that MALDI-2 is capable of detecting more number and classes of lipids in HCT116 colon CCS with higher signal intensities than MALDI. TIMS could successfully separate numerous isobaric/isomeric species of lipids in CCS. Interestingly, we found that some isomeric/isobaric species have totally different spatial distributions in colon CCS. Further MS/MS imaging analysis was employed to determine the compositions of fatty acid chains for isomeric species by examining disparities in signal intensities and spatial distributions of product ions. This work stresses the robust ability of TIMS and MALDI-2 imaging in analyzing endogenous lipids in CCS, which could potentially become powerful tools for future cancer studies.

基于UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS的淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积的分析与评价

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆线性离子阱串联质谱(UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)同时测定淫羊藿中黄酮类、生物碱类、酚酸类、氨基酸类及核苷类共50种活性成分的分析方法,并对其多元活性成分的动态累积进行分析与评价。采用Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,以水(含0.2%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相梯度分离,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温40℃。质谱配备电喷雾离子源,在正、负离子模式下采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定;采用单因素实验及响应面法优化样品制备条件,灰色关联度分析(GRA)对不同采收期淫羊藿样品进行分析与评价。结果显示,50种目标成分在一定范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.9990),精密度、重复性和稳定性良好,平均加标回收率为94.5%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。淫羊藿中多元活性成分累积量在7月中旬出现峰值,不同类别成分累积规律具有一定差异性。6月下旬至7月下旬所采收的淫羊藿药材综合质量较好,与当地传统采收期基本吻合。该研究所构建的方法准确、可靠,可为探究淫羊藿中多元活性成分动态累积规律及确定适宜采收期提供依据,同时也箭叶淫羊藿药材质量的综合评价和整体控制提供方法参考。

Crystal Structure and Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation Behavior of Eprosartan

The crystal structure determination and mass spectrometric fragmentation analysis of the medicinal ingredient eprosartan （4-[2-butyl-5-（2-carboxy-3-thiophen-2-yl-propenyl）-imidazol-l-ylmethyl]-benzoic acid） are presented. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the colorless transparent crystal of eprosartan is of monoclinic system, space group P2/c with a = 16.1861（15）, b = 10.9813（12）, c = 28.610（3） A, β = 118.452（2）°, Z = 4, V= 4471.1（8） A3, Dc = 1.288 g/cm3,μ（MoKα） = 0.178 mm^-1 and F（000） = 1831. The independent part of the unit cell contains two eprosartan molecules and one unordered H2O molecule in the crystal structure which is fixed by inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The product ions in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （ESI-MSn） displays the protonated eprosartan dissociated in three competitive pathways and the fragmentation mechanism is proposed and supported by the FTICRMSn results.

Classification of B and Y Ions in Peptide MS/MS Spectra Based on Machine Learning

In proteomics, b and y ions serve as the backbone ions for peptide sequencing in tandem mass spectrometry. Leveraging the existing ion recognition and separation methods, this article proposes a novel ion classification approach that combines machine learning with graph theory. By incorporating graph features, the method achieves higher accuracy and efficiency in ion type recognition, with the graph features playing a critical role in the classification process. Specifically, the method achieves a recall rate of nearly 90% for b and y ions, demonstrating its effectiveness in pre-processing de novo sequencing and improving its accuracy. The proposed method represents advancement in ion classification and has the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of de novo sequencing.

液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法测定烟用香精香料中9种有机酸的含量

采用液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法定性定量检测烟用香精香料中苹果酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、酒石酸、己二酸、乙酰丙酸等9种有机酸。取0.1 g烟用香精香料样品,加入20 mL水,超声提取10 min。取上清液1 mL,过0.22μm水相滤膜后用水稀释10倍,按照优化的仪器工作条件测定。在Synergi Hydro-RP色谱柱上用不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液的混合液梯度洗脱分离各有机酸后,用电喷雾离子源负离子模式电离,多反应监测-信息依赖采集-增强子离子(MRM-IDA-EPI)模式扫描,MRM模式定量,保留时间结合EPI标准品二级质谱库定性。结果表明:9种有机酸的质量浓度均在一定范围内和定量子离子峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.003~0.018 mg·L^(-1);对实际样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为73.3%~112%,日内(n=6)、日间(n=5)精密度试验所得测定值的相对标准偏差分别不大于10%和不大于15%;方法用于142种烟用香精香料样品的分析,检出率较高的4种有机酸为乳酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸。

Identification of two-dimensional electrophoresis-separated proteins in human hepatoma cell by electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry

As one of the most important analytical methods in proteome research, mass spectrometry was utilized to identify proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis in the human hepatoma cell line BEL-7404. The protein spots were excised from the gel, followed by in-gel digestion, and the peptide mappings were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ion trap mass spectrometer. Nine proteins were identified via database searching, according to the molecular weights and amino acid sequences of peptides, among which two proteins have not been identified in the other liver-cell database. The sequence coverage was 21% -72%. Furthermore, the relationship between the expressed proteins and the liver carcinoma was discussed.

Fragmentation study of two brassinolides by ion trap tandem mass spectrometry

The fragmentation pathways of two isomers of brassinosteroids,28-homobrassinolide(28-h-BL)and 28-epihomobrassinolide(28-eh-BL),have been investigated by tandem mass spectrometry(MSn,n=1,2,3,4)with the electrospray ionization(ESI) source.The ESI mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways of protonated 28-h-BL and 28-eh-BL were comprehensively elucidated,and the principles revealed in this investigation could potentially be used to identify and distinguish brassinosteroids and their isomers.