This paper deals with the procedure and methodology which can be used to select the optimal treatment and disposal technology of municipal solid waste （MSW）, and to provide practical and effective technical support ...This paper deals with the procedure and methodology which can be used to select the optimal treatment and disposal technology of municipal solid waste （MSW）, and to provide practical and effective technical support to policy-making, on the basis of study on solid waste management status and development trend in China and abroad. Focusing on various treatment and disposal technologies and processes of MSW, this study established a Monte-Carlo mathematical model of cost minimization for MSW handling subjected to environmental constraints. A new method of element stream （such as C, H, O, N, S） analysis in combination with economic stream analysis of MSW was developed. By following the streams of different treatment processes consisting of various techniques from generation, separation, transfer, transport, treatment, recycling and disposal of the wastes, the element constitution as well as its economic distribution in terms of possibility functions was identified. Every technique step was evaluated economically. The Mont-Carlo method was then conducted for model calibration. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to identify the most sensitive factors. Model calibration indicated that landfill with power generation of landfill gas was economically the optimal technology at the present stage under the condition of more than 58% of C, H, O, N, S going to landfill. Whether or not to generate electricity was the most sensitive factor. If landfilling cost increases, MSW separation treatment was recommended by screening first followed with incinerating partially and composting partially with residue landfilling. The possibility of incineration model selection as the optimal technology was affected by the city scale. For big cities and metropolitans with large MSW generation, possibility for constructing large-scale incineration facilities increases, whereas, for middle and small cities, the effectiveness of incinerating waste decreases.展开更多
Multi-converter system is mainly used in advanced automotive systems.Different converters and inverters are taking part in automotive systems to provide different voltage levels in a multi-converter system.It involves...Multi-converter system is mainly used in advanced automotive systems.Different converters and inverters are taking part in automotive systems to provide different voltage levels in a multi-converter system.It involves constant voltage load(CVL),constant power load(CPL)and other loads.The CPL in such systems offers negative impedance characteristic and it creates a destabilizing effect on the main converter.The effect of destabilization can be reduced by increasing the CVL or inserting parasitic components.Attempts have been made by authors to improve the stability by using parasitics of different components such as switch,diode and inductor.Influence of insertion of parasitics including the series equivalent resistance of the filter capacitor and variation in CVL on the performance of main converter is mathematically analyzed and conflicting behavior between system stability and efficiency is observed.The optimum solution between these two functions is obtained by using multi-objective decision making(MODM)by varying parasitics of different components and CVL.An attempt has been made to demonstrate the effect of CVL load and the parasitics on the stability and efficiency of the main converter,experimentally.展开更多
双边匹配理论方法广泛应用在各个行业与日常生活中,产生较大的经济价值与社会价值。然而,现实双边匹配决策过程中,决策问题的复杂性使得双方主体给出的偏好信息是模糊的,决策环境的复杂性可能使所给出的偏好信息是不确定的。考虑到现实...双边匹配理论方法广泛应用在各个行业与日常生活中,产生较大的经济价值与社会价值。然而,现实双边匹配决策过程中,决策问题的复杂性使得双方主体给出的偏好信息是模糊的,决策环境的复杂性可能使所给出的偏好信息是不确定的。考虑到现实双边匹配问题的上述特征,给出一种新的犹豫模糊元偏好下的双边匹配决策方法。首先,基于TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)方法将犹豫模糊元矩阵转化为贴近度矩阵,即主体满意度矩阵;接着,构建以双边主体满意度最大化为目标的多目标规划模型;进一步地,运用线性加权法将多目标规划模型转化为单目标规划模型,并求解该模型得到最佳双边匹配方案;最后,使用一个人岗匹配实例验证该模型的有效性与有效性。展开更多
A neutrosophic number(NN)(d=μ+vI)can flexibly represent the indeterminate information corresponding to values/ranges of the indeterminacy I.Regarding the hybrid concept of intuitionistic fuzzy set(IFS)and NN,this stu...A neutrosophic number(NN)(d=μ+vI)can flexibly represent the indeterminate information corresponding to values/ranges of the indeterminacy I.Regarding the hybrid concept of intuitionistic fuzzy set(IFS)and NN,this study presents an orthopair indeterminate set(OIS),an orthopair indeterminate element weighted arithmetic averaging(OIEWAA)operator and an orthopair indeterminate element weighted geometric averaging(OIEWGA)operator to simplify and generalise the existing IFS and interval-valued IFS expressions and aggregation forms.Thus,a multiattribute decision making(DM)approach with indeterminate ranges of decision makers is developed based on the OIEWAA and OIEWGA operators and the score and accuracy functions of orthopair indeterminate elements in OIS setting.Finally,the proposed DM approach is applied to a multi-attribute DM example of manufacturing schemes(alternatives)in OIS setting to demonstrate the applicability and flexibility of the proposed DM approach in OIS setting.展开更多
基金Project Supported by Tsinghua Research Foundation (No. Jc2003010).
文摘This paper deals with the procedure and methodology which can be used to select the optimal treatment and disposal technology of municipal solid waste （MSW）, and to provide practical and effective technical support to policy-making, on the basis of study on solid waste management status and development trend in China and abroad. Focusing on various treatment and disposal technologies and processes of MSW, this study established a Monte-Carlo mathematical model of cost minimization for MSW handling subjected to environmental constraints. A new method of element stream （such as C, H, O, N, S） analysis in combination with economic stream analysis of MSW was developed. By following the streams of different treatment processes consisting of various techniques from generation, separation, transfer, transport, treatment, recycling and disposal of the wastes, the element constitution as well as its economic distribution in terms of possibility functions was identified. Every technique step was evaluated economically. The Mont-Carlo method was then conducted for model calibration. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to identify the most sensitive factors. Model calibration indicated that landfill with power generation of landfill gas was economically the optimal technology at the present stage under the condition of more than 58% of C, H, O, N, S going to landfill. Whether or not to generate electricity was the most sensitive factor. If landfilling cost increases, MSW separation treatment was recommended by screening first followed with incinerating partially and composting partially with residue landfilling. The possibility of incineration model selection as the optimal technology was affected by the city scale. For big cities and metropolitans with large MSW generation, possibility for constructing large-scale incineration facilities increases, whereas, for middle and small cities, the effectiveness of incinerating waste decreases.
文摘Multi-converter system is mainly used in advanced automotive systems.Different converters and inverters are taking part in automotive systems to provide different voltage levels in a multi-converter system.It involves constant voltage load(CVL),constant power load(CPL)and other loads.The CPL in such systems offers negative impedance characteristic and it creates a destabilizing effect on the main converter.The effect of destabilization can be reduced by increasing the CVL or inserting parasitic components.Attempts have been made by authors to improve the stability by using parasitics of different components such as switch,diode and inductor.Influence of insertion of parasitics including the series equivalent resistance of the filter capacitor and variation in CVL on the performance of main converter is mathematically analyzed and conflicting behavior between system stability and efficiency is observed.The optimum solution between these two functions is obtained by using multi-objective decision making(MODM)by varying parasitics of different components and CVL.An attempt has been made to demonstrate the effect of CVL load and the parasitics on the stability and efficiency of the main converter,experimentally.
文摘双边匹配理论方法广泛应用在各个行业与日常生活中,产生较大的经济价值与社会价值。然而,现实双边匹配决策过程中,决策问题的复杂性使得双方主体给出的偏好信息是模糊的,决策环境的复杂性可能使所给出的偏好信息是不确定的。考虑到现实双边匹配问题的上述特征,给出一种新的犹豫模糊元偏好下的双边匹配决策方法。首先,基于TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)方法将犹豫模糊元矩阵转化为贴近度矩阵,即主体满意度矩阵;接着,构建以双边主体满意度最大化为目标的多目标规划模型;进一步地,运用线性加权法将多目标规划模型转化为单目标规划模型,并求解该模型得到最佳双边匹配方案;最后,使用一个人岗匹配实例验证该模型的有效性与有效性。
文摘A neutrosophic number(NN)(d=μ+vI)can flexibly represent the indeterminate information corresponding to values/ranges of the indeterminacy I.Regarding the hybrid concept of intuitionistic fuzzy set(IFS)and NN,this study presents an orthopair indeterminate set(OIS),an orthopair indeterminate element weighted arithmetic averaging(OIEWAA)operator and an orthopair indeterminate element weighted geometric averaging(OIEWGA)operator to simplify and generalise the existing IFS and interval-valued IFS expressions and aggregation forms.Thus,a multiattribute decision making(DM)approach with indeterminate ranges of decision makers is developed based on the OIEWAA and OIEWGA operators and the score and accuracy functions of orthopair indeterminate elements in OIS setting.Finally,the proposed DM approach is applied to a multi-attribute DM example of manufacturing schemes(alternatives)in OIS setting to demonstrate the applicability and flexibility of the proposed DM approach in OIS setting.
