Anxiolytic property of hydro-alcohol extract of Lactuca sativa and its effect on behavioral activities of mice

Lactuca sativa, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is a leafy vegetable known for its medicinal properties. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of Lactuca sativa extract with respect to pharmacological action. We investigated the anxiolytic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of Lactuca sativa on mice. The behav- ioral tests performed on mice models to assess anti-anxiety properties were： open field test （OFT）, elevated plus maze test （EPM）, elevated T maze test, and marble burying test. Increased locomotor activity and time spent in the ＂open-ann＂ were observed in extract fed group. Malondialdehyde （MDA） and nitrite levels were decreased, cata- lase and glutathione levels were increased in Lactuca sativa treated mice. The data obtained in the present study suggests that the extract of Lactuca sativa can afford significant protection against anxiolytic activity.

Elevated liver enzymes portends a higher rate of complication and death in SARS-CoV-2

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,or coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19),has infected millions worldwide since its discovery in Wuhan,China in December 2019,but little is still known about the disease process.Preliminary research in China notes liver function tests(LFTs)abnormalities are common in COVID-19 patients,suggesting decreased hepatic function,and that abnormalities in LFTs are related to complicated disease course and negative outcomes.However,there has been limited large-scale data assessing COVID-19’s association with liver dysfunction and negative outcomes.AIM To investigate how COVID-19 affects the liver function and disease course in patients infected with the virus treated at Henry Ford Hospital from March to September 2020.METHODS A total of 8028 patients infected with COVID-19 were identified and included in the study at a single academic center.Data from medical charts on laboratory testing including aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(AP),and bilirubin levels,past history of liver disease,and disease course indicators including hospital admission,intensive care unit(ICU)admission,intubation,and death were recorded and analyzed.Elevated liver enzymes were defined as ALT/AST greater than 60,AP greater than 150,or bilirubin greater than 1.5,super-elevated liver enzymes were defined as ALT/AST greater than 120,AP greater than 300,or bilirubin greater than 3.0.RESULTS A total of 8028 COVID-19 patients were identified and included in the study.Data from medical charts on LFTs(namely,AST,ALT,AP,and bilirubin levels),past history of liver disease,and disease course indicators(hospital/ICU admission,intubation,death)were recorded and analyzed.LFTs from 3937 patients were available for interpretation.45% were found to have elevated or super-elevated LFT.When compared to COVID-19 patients without elevated LFTs,this cohort was found to have significantly higher odds of hospital admittance,ICU admission,intubation,and death(all P<0.001).248(3.1%)had a history of liver disease.Those with elevated and super elevated LFTS had significantly higher odds of having a past history of liver disease(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that in patients who have tested positive for COVID-19,those with elevated and super elevated liver enzyme levels have significantly higher odds of hospital admittance,ICU admittance,intubation and death in comparison to those COVID-19 patients without elevated liver enzyme levels.

Anti-anxiety activity of successive extracts of angelica archangelica linn.on the elevated t-maze and forced swimming tests in rats

OBJECTIVE:Angelica archangelica Linn.is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri folk medicine to reduce anxiety.We evaluated the anxiolytic effect of successive extracts of A.archangelica linn.(SAE) on rats tested in the elevated T-maze test(an animal model of generalized anxiety) at doses that exhibit antidepressant-like activity in humans.METHODS:A.archangelica(1 kg) was subjected to successive extraction in a soxhlet apparatus with solvents [petroleum ether(40-60℃),chloroform,ethyl acetate,methanol and decoction with water] in order of increasing polarity(yield:6.9%,7.3%,5.1%,11.88% and 8.2% w/w,respectively).SAE were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats.RESULTS:Oral dosing of diazepam(1 mg/kg) and extracts(50,100 and 200 mg/kg) clearly showed an anxiolytic-like profile in the elevated T-maze test:it increased one-way escape and decreased inhibitory avoidance on the first,third and seventh day.In the forced swimming test,imipramine and SAE showed antidepressant-and anxiolytic-like effects as reflected by increased climbing time,swimming time and decreased immobility time on the first,third and seventh day.Aqueous and methanol extracts showed the most,petroleum ether(40-60℃) and chloroform intermediate,and ethyl acetate the least anxiolytic activity(*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P< 0.001) in both models.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest the anti-anxiety activity of various extracts of A.archangelica and strongly justify its use in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of anxiety.

西藏水苏的抗焦虑活性(英文)

瞄准 S。tibetica Vatke 是在世界的热带、副热带的区域散布的植物，包括西藏，中国，和印度。在它在 Kargil 的冷荒芜的区域被发现的印度， Ladakh 山谷，并且在 Himachal Pradesh 的山脉。在 Kargil 和 Ladakh 的传统的专业人员为各种各样的心理混乱和恐惧的处理使用自然的药 Stachys tibetica。现在的学习针对在老鼠评估根，茎，叶，和 Stachys tibetica Vatke 的整个工厂材料的 methanolic 摘录的 anxiolytic 效果。每植物部分的方法粉状的材料(1 kg ) 与甲醇(95%) 在一台 Soxhlet 仪器受到抽取；分别地产出 12.8% ， 8.3% ， 17.2% ，和 19.6% W/W extractives。摘录为他们用提高的正迷宫(EPM ) 的效果在老鼠测试的 anxiolytic 被评估。在礼品的结果学习， methanolic 提取，这被发现(200 和 400 mgred 到健康控制题目。方法 49 个病人(意味着年龄 41 他在 Cu-Zn-Zr 之中的协同作用将在 K-Cu/Zn/La/ZrO2 催化剂的活动有重要效果。锻烧温度什么时候是 450 污敵 ? 慷 ? 桴 ? 楨桧獥 ? 湯搠祡? 漠 ? 敲牦杩牥瑡摥猠潴慲敧椠 ?? 猠瑡癩浵昭獩 ? 潣汬条湥礭杯牵 ????? 牃湯慢档 ? 愠摮琠敨挠楲整楲湯爭汥瑡摥瘠污摩瑩 ? 景琠敨焠敵瑳潩湮楡敲眠獡攠慶畬瑡摥琠牨畯桧愠獳' 覒 X 楴湯?敢睴敥?桴?楤???訬? 訬 ？？