Organic templates P-123 of mesoporous SBA-15 can be effectively removed in a few minutes （4 min） by using the dielectric-barrier discharge （DBD） plasma technique at ambient pressure and low gas temperature （aroun...Organic templates P-123 of mesoporous SBA-15 can be effectively removed in a few minutes （4 min） by using the dielectric-barrier discharge （DBD） plasma technique at ambient pressure and low gas temperature （around 130℃）. The mesoporous SBA-15 was characterized by FT-IR, 29Si solid sate NMR, TEM, XRD, TGA and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The as-made SBA-15 treated with DBD plasma exhibited a larger surface area of 790 m2 · g-1 with larger pores and microspore volume than samples prepared by using the conventional thermal calcination method （550 ℃ and 5 h, 660 m2 · g-1）. In addition to less shrinkage of the silica framework, the DBD-prepared SBA-15 showed significantly increased weight loss of 8.3% about 200℃ as compared with that of conventional calcination （5.5%）, which is attributed mainly to the dehydroxylation by condensation of silanol groups.展开更多
Organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） composed of a novel fluorene derivative of 2,3-bis（9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren- 2-yl）-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline （F2Py） were fabricated, and exciplex emission was observed in the de...Organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） composed of a novel fluorene derivative of 2,3-bis（9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren- 2-yl）-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline （F2Py） were fabricated, and exciplex emission was observed in the device. To depress the exciplex in an OLED for pure colour light emission, 4, 4＇-N,N＇-dicarbazole-biphenyl （CBP） was inserted as a separator at the donor/acceptor interface. It was found that the device without the CBP layer emitted a green light peaking at 542 nm from the exciplex and a shoulder peak about 430 nm from F2Py. In contrast, the OLED with CBP layer emitted only a blue light peak at about 432 nm from F2Py. Device efficiencies were calculated by a simulative mode in an injection controlled type mechanism, and the results showed that exciplexes yield much lower quantum efficiency than excitons. The device with CBP has a higher power efficiency as no exciplex was present.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030. This study aims...BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030. This study aims to estimate the required interventions to achieve elimination using updated information for direct-acting antiviral(DAA) treatment coverage, to compute the total costs(including indirect/societal costs) of the strategy and to identify whether the elimination strategy is cost-effective/cost-saving in Greece.AIM To estimate the required interventions and subsequent costs to achieve HCV elimination in Greece.METHODS A previously validated mathematical model was adapted to the Greek HCVinfected population to compare the outcomes of DAA treatment without the additional implementation of awareness or screening campaigns versus an HCV elimination strategy, which includes a sufficient number of treated patients. We estimated the total costs(direct and indirect costs), the disability-adjusted life years and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using two different price scenarios.RESULTS Without the implementation of awareness or screening campaigns,approximately 20000 patients would be diagnosed and treated with DAAs by2030. This strategy would result in a 19.6% increase in HCV-related mortality in2030 compared to 2015. To achieve the elimination goal, 90000 patients need to be treated by 2030. Under the elimination scenario, viremic cases would decrease by78.8% in 2030 compared to 2015. The cumulative direct costs to eliminate the disease would range from 2.1-2.3 billion euros(€) by 2030, while the indirect costs would be €1.1 billion. The total elimination cost in Greece would range from €3.2-3.4 billion by 2030. The cost per averted disability-adjusted life year is estimated between €10100 and €13380, indicating that the elimination strategy is very costeffective. Furthermore, HCV elimination strategy would save €560-895 million by2035.CONCLUSION Without large screening programs, elimination of HCV cannot be achieved. The HCV elimination strategy is feasible and cost-saving despite the uncertainty of the future cost of DAAs in Greece.展开更多
The critically ill patient is capable of presenting a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by different diseases, which can be infectious (sepsis, septic shock) as well as non-infectious (pancreatitis, la...The critically ill patient is capable of presenting a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by different diseases, which can be infectious (sepsis, septic shock) as well as non-infectious (pancreatitis, large surgeries, traumatic injuries, burn patients and brain injuries), this syndrome is characterized by global hemodynamic and organ perfusion alterations accompanied by an uncontrolled and marked inflammatory response unresponsive to pharmacological treatment due to which extracorporeal organ support can be a viable option. Acute renal lesion can occur in up to 60% of patients receiving intensive care, and close to 10% - 20% require renal replacement therapy (RRT) globally this can be provided as peritoneal dialysis (PD) or intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), hybrid therapies known as sustained slow efficiency dialysis (SLED), which combines the benefits IHD and CRRT, slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal elimination of CO<sub>2</sub>, have been used more frequently lately, these are temporal artificial support used for respiratory and/or cardiac insufficiency that is refractory to conventional treatment. Acute liver failure in adults has a mortality rate close to 50% furthermore one-third of patients hospitalized for cirrhosis are likely to progress to acute liver failure which will drastically increase its mortality. Based on concepts of albumin dialysis, one of its most known is the following: Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), Fractionated Plasma Separation and Absorption—FPSA (Prometheus<sup>®</sup>) and also, hemoperfusion with different cartridges used in different extracorporeal therapies, used in liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, cytokine release syndrome and more in the context of the pandemic covid19. The objective of this review is to know the different extracorporeal therapies and the therapeutic utility in critical patients.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21766026 and 21366026)the Leading Talent Project of Ningxia (No. KJT2016001)+2 种基金the National International Cooperation S & T Project of China (No. 2015DFA40660)the National First-Rate Discipline Construction Project of Ningxia (Chemical Engineering and Technology)the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Ningxia University)
文摘Organic templates P-123 of mesoporous SBA-15 can be effectively removed in a few minutes （4 min） by using the dielectric-barrier discharge （DBD） plasma technique at ambient pressure and low gas temperature （around 130℃）. The mesoporous SBA-15 was characterized by FT-IR, 29Si solid sate NMR, TEM, XRD, TGA and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The as-made SBA-15 treated with DBD plasma exhibited a larger surface area of 790 m2 · g-1 with larger pores and microspore volume than samples prepared by using the conventional thermal calcination method （550 ℃ and 5 h, 660 m2 · g-1）. In addition to less shrinkage of the silica framework, the DBD-prepared SBA-15 showed significantly increased weight loss of 8.3% about 200℃ as compared with that of conventional calcination （5.5%）, which is attributed mainly to the dehydroxylation by condensation of silanol groups.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60736005,60876051 and 60425101-1)the Young Talent Project of Sichuan Province of China(Grant No.09ZQ026-074)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China(Grant No.9140A02060609DZ0208)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-06-0812)the Special Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Scholars of the State Education Ministry (Grant No.GGRYJ08-05)
文摘Organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） composed of a novel fluorene derivative of 2,3-bis（9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluoren- 2-yl）-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline （F2Py） were fabricated, and exciplex emission was observed in the device. To depress the exciplex in an OLED for pure colour light emission, 4, 4＇-N,N＇-dicarbazole-biphenyl （CBP） was inserted as a separator at the donor/acceptor interface. It was found that the device without the CBP layer emitted a green light peaking at 542 nm from the exciplex and a shoulder peak about 430 nm from F2Py. In contrast, the OLED with CBP layer emitted only a blue light peak at about 432 nm from F2Py. Device efficiencies were calculated by a simulative mode in an injection controlled type mechanism, and the results showed that exciplexes yield much lower quantum efficiency than excitons. The device with CBP has a higher power efficiency as no exciplex was present.
基金supported by unrestricted grants from Gilead and MSD
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030. This study aims to estimate the required interventions to achieve elimination using updated information for direct-acting antiviral(DAA) treatment coverage, to compute the total costs(including indirect/societal costs) of the strategy and to identify whether the elimination strategy is cost-effective/cost-saving in Greece.AIM To estimate the required interventions and subsequent costs to achieve HCV elimination in Greece.METHODS A previously validated mathematical model was adapted to the Greek HCVinfected population to compare the outcomes of DAA treatment without the additional implementation of awareness or screening campaigns versus an HCV elimination strategy, which includes a sufficient number of treated patients. We estimated the total costs(direct and indirect costs), the disability-adjusted life years and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using two different price scenarios.RESULTS Without the implementation of awareness or screening campaigns,approximately 20000 patients would be diagnosed and treated with DAAs by2030. This strategy would result in a 19.6% increase in HCV-related mortality in2030 compared to 2015. To achieve the elimination goal, 90000 patients need to be treated by 2030. Under the elimination scenario, viremic cases would decrease by78.8% in 2030 compared to 2015. The cumulative direct costs to eliminate the disease would range from 2.1-2.3 billion euros(€) by 2030, while the indirect costs would be €1.1 billion. The total elimination cost in Greece would range from €3.2-3.4 billion by 2030. The cost per averted disability-adjusted life year is estimated between €10100 and €13380, indicating that the elimination strategy is very costeffective. Furthermore, HCV elimination strategy would save €560-895 million by2035.CONCLUSION Without large screening programs, elimination of HCV cannot be achieved. The HCV elimination strategy is feasible and cost-saving despite the uncertainty of the future cost of DAAs in Greece.
文摘The critically ill patient is capable of presenting a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by different diseases, which can be infectious (sepsis, septic shock) as well as non-infectious (pancreatitis, large surgeries, traumatic injuries, burn patients and brain injuries), this syndrome is characterized by global hemodynamic and organ perfusion alterations accompanied by an uncontrolled and marked inflammatory response unresponsive to pharmacological treatment due to which extracorporeal organ support can be a viable option. Acute renal lesion can occur in up to 60% of patients receiving intensive care, and close to 10% - 20% require renal replacement therapy (RRT) globally this can be provided as peritoneal dialysis (PD) or intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), hybrid therapies known as sustained slow efficiency dialysis (SLED), which combines the benefits IHD and CRRT, slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal elimination of CO<sub>2</sub>, have been used more frequently lately, these are temporal artificial support used for respiratory and/or cardiac insufficiency that is refractory to conventional treatment. Acute liver failure in adults has a mortality rate close to 50% furthermore one-third of patients hospitalized for cirrhosis are likely to progress to acute liver failure which will drastically increase its mortality. Based on concepts of albumin dialysis, one of its most known is the following: Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), Fractionated Plasma Separation and Absorption—FPSA (Prometheus<sup>®</sup>) and also, hemoperfusion with different cartridges used in different extracorporeal therapies, used in liver failure, rhabdomyolysis, cytokine release syndrome and more in the context of the pandemic covid19. The objective of this review is to know the different extracorporeal therapies and the therapeutic utility in critical patients.
文摘研究了柠檬酸、乳酸和醋酸对鲜牛百叶的脱黑膜作用.结果柠檬酸、乳酸和醋酸的脱黑膜效果明显好于目前广泛使用的工业化学试剂,其中,柠檬酸脱黑膜效果最佳.通过单因素试验分析了有机酸浓度、漂烫温度(电磁炉所设温度加热至沸腾)、漂烫时间3个因素对牛百叶脱黑膜效果的影响.并在此基础上,采用正交试验对此3个因素进行优化.试验结果表明:最佳脱黑膜条件为柠檬酸浓度5%,漂烫温度150℃,漂烫时间1.5 s.
