An Approach to Stability Analysis of Embedded Large-Diameter Cylinder Quay

The large-diameter cylinder structure, which is made of large successive bottomless cylinders placed on foundation bed or partly driven into soil, is a recently developed retaining structure in China. It can be used in port, coastal and offshore works. The method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure, especially for stability analysis of the embedded large-diameter cylinder structure, is an important issue. In this paper, an idea is presented that is, embedded large-diameter cylinder quays can be divided into two types, i.e. the gravity wall type and the cylinder pile wall type. A method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is developed and a method for stability analysis of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the gravity wall type is also proposed. The effect of significant parameters on the stability of the large-diameter cylinder quay of the cylinder pile wall type is investigated through numerical calculation.

Coupled BEM-FEM Analysis of the Large-Diameter Cylinder Structure System

A method of coupled BEM-FEM analysis for the elastic spatial structure system is presented. It can be applied to the calculation of the stress and deformation of the large-diamater cylinder structure system and it is suitable for symmetric or non-symmetric structures under the distributed or concentrated load. Numerical examples show that the proposed method and computer program BEFEM are quite efficient in the analysis of the large-diameter cylinder structure problems in ocean engineering.

Simulation on flow, heat transfer and stress characteristics of large-diameter thick-walled gas cylinders in quenching process under different water spray volumes

Cooling strength is one of the important factors affecting microstructure and properties of gas cylinders during quenching process,and reasonable water spray volume can effectively improve the quality of gas cylinders and reduce production costs.To find the optimal water spray parameters,a fluid-solid coupling model with three-phase flow was established in consideration of water-vapor conversion.The inner and outer walls of gas cylinder with the dimensions of d914 mm×38 mm×12000 mm were quenched using multi-nozzle water spray system.The internal pressure,average heat transfer coefficient(have)and stress of the gas cylinder under different water spray volumes during quenching process were studied.Finally,the mathematical model was experimentally verified.The results show that both the internal pressure and have increase along with the increase of spray volume.The internal pressure increases slowly first and then rapidly,but have increases rapidly first and then slowly.To satisfy hardenability of gas cylinders,the minimum spray volume should not be less than 40 m^3/(h·m).The results of stress indicate that water spray quenching will not cause deformation of bottle body in the range of water volume from 40 to 290 m^3/(h·m).

Dynamic Response Analysis for Embedded Large-Cylinder Breakwaters Under Wave Excitation

A numerical model is developed for dynamic analysis of large-cylinder breakwaters embedded in soft soil. In the model, the large cylinder is taken as a rigid body divided into elements and the soft soil is replaced by discrete 3D nonlinear spring-dashpot systems. The numerical model is used to simulate the dynamic response of a large-cylinder breakwater to breaking wave excitation. The effects of the dynamic stress-strain relationship models of the soil, the radius and embedded depth of the cylinder, the nonlinear behaviors of the soil, and the limit strength condition of the soil on the dynamic responses of the large-cylinder structure are investigated with an example given. It is indicated that the above-mentioned factors have significant effects on the dynamic responses of an embedded large cylinder breakwater under breaking wave excitation.

A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO THERMAL PROPERTY OF ARRAY OF CYLINDERS EMBEDDED IN HOMOGENEOUS MATRIX

We investigate in this article the thermal coliductivity of array Of cylinders embedded in a homogeneous matrix. Using Green's function, we confirm that the method invented by Rayleigh can be generalized to deal with thermal property of these systems. A technique for calculating effective thermal conductivities of these systems is proposed. As an example, we consider a system with square symmetry, and a neat formula for effective thermal conductivity is derived. We show that the method also includes the proof of Keller theorem.

Drivability of Large Diameter Steel Cylinders During Hammer-Group Vibratory Installation for the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge(HZMB)involved the installation of 120 mega-cylinders with a diameter of 22 m,weights up to 513 t,and penetration depths up to 33 m using an eight-vibratory hammer group.Due to the lack of engineering experience on the drivability of large-diameter cylinders under multiple vibratory hammers,predicting the penetration rate and time of steel cylinders is an open challenge that has a considerable impact on the construction control of the HZMB.In this study,the vibratory penetration of large-diameter steel cylinders in the HZMB is investigated based on geological surveys,field monitoring,and drivability analysis.The vibratory penetration rate,installation accuracy,and dynamic responses of the steel cylinders at both the eastern and western artificial islands are analyzed.The dynamic soil resistance has a great influence on the cylinder drivability.However,the current design methods for estimating the vibratory driving soil resistance are proven inaccurate without considering the scale effects.Therefore,a modified method with a normalized effective area ratio A_(r,eff)is proposed in this study to calculate the vibratory soil resistance for open-ended thin-wall cylinders under unplugged conditions.Considering the scale effects on the vibratory driving soil resistance,the proposed method leads to closer results to the measured data,providing a reference for future engineering practice.

Dynamic Wave Pressures on Deeply Embedded Large Cylindrical Structures due to Random Waves

The response of dynamic wave pressures on structures would be more complicated and bring about new phenomena under the dynamic interaction between soil and structure. In order to better understand the response characteristics on deeply embedded large cylindrical structures under random waves, and accordingly to offer valuable findings for engineering, the authors designed wave flume experiments to investigate comparatively dynamic wave pressures on a single and on continuous cylinders with two different embedment depths in response to two wave spectra.The time histories of the water surface elevation and the corresponding dynamic wave pressures exerted on the cylinder were analyzed in the frequency domain. By calculating the transfer function and spectral density for dynamic wave pressures along the height and around the circumference of the cylinder, experimental results of the single cylinder were compared with the theoretical results based on the linear diffraction theory, and detailed comparisons were also carried out between the single and continuous cylinders. Some new findings and the corresponding analysis are reported in present paper. The investigation on continuous cylinders will be used in particular for reference in engineering applications because information is scarce on studying such kind of problem both analytically and experimentally.

基于图像描述的实验室气瓶危险场景辨识方法

针对实验室气瓶场景提出了一种结合目标检测与文本检测识别的图像描述生成方法,用于辨识气瓶场景中的潜在危险信息,并以文本形式警示监控人员。该方法首先提取场景物体的特征与瓶身上文字的特征,而后将特征映射入多模态嵌入空间,接着使用Transformer模型生成描述结果,最后根据描述语句判断场景是否危险。实验结果表明,通过本方法生成的描述语句可以有效辨识出实验室气瓶场景中的危险物品与危险原因。

沉入式大圆筒结构入土深度计算方法研究

沉入式大圆筒结构是一种适用于软土地基的新型港口与海岸水工建筑物。本文在由水平力和力矩平衡条件建立的入土深度计算方法的基础上,进一步考虑竖向力平衡条件,建立了沉入式大圆筒结构满足稳定性要求的新的入土深度计算方法。针对一工程实例的设计条件,研究了土性指标取值、波浪力大小和竖向力平衡条件对沉入式大圆筒结构稳定性(入土深度)的影响。结果表明,土性指标和波浪力对大圆筒结构的稳定性均有显著影响,且土性指标的影响大于波浪力的影响;当竖向力较大时,竖向力平衡条件对大圆筒结构的稳定性也有较大影响。建议在实际工程设计中,应准确选取土性指标,并采用考虑竖向力平衡条件的稳定性计算方法。

沉入式大圆筒防波堤稳定性计算方法

假设沉入较深土层的大圆筒防波堤的稳定性主要由土的嵌固作用维持 ,其工作原理与无锚板桩相似。根据大圆筒防波堤直径很大的特点 ,在无锚板桩计算方法的基础上 ,进一步考虑土体作用于筒底的水平切力、筒底土反力、以及筒内外土体对筒壁的竖向摩擦力对稳定性的作用 ,建立了沉入式大圆筒防波堤满足稳定性要求的嵌固深度计算方法。通过数值计算 。

沉入式大直径圆筒码头稳定性计算方法研究

以工程应用为原则 ,研究沉入式大直径圆筒码头的分类及相应的设计理论与计算方法。根据大直径圆筒码头的工作原理 ,提出了大直径圆筒桩墙式码头的新概念 ,以及将沉入式大直径圆筒码头划分为大直径圆筒重力式码头和大直径圆筒桩墙式码头两种结构类型。建立了大直径圆筒桩墙式码头的稳定性计算方法。对于大直径圆筒重力式码头的稳定性验算 ,建议采用重力式码头的计算思路 ,但要合理考虑筒内外土体对结构稳定性的作用。通过数值计算 ,研究了结构特征参数对大直径圆筒桩墙式码头稳定性的影响。

沉入式大圆筒结构码头工作机理离心模型试验研究

沉入式大圆筒结构码头 ,由于筒体下部有一定长度嵌入港池泥面以下的地基土层中 ,因此 ,其工作机理不仅不同于其它挡土岸壁式码头 ,而且也有别于基床式大圆筒结构码头。本文介绍了用土工物理离心试验对这一结构形式码头工作机理所作的研究 ,就沉入式大圆筒的深高比、径高比和筒壁摩擦作用对工作性状影响规律进行了初步研究 ,另外还尝试测定了大圆筒侧壁土压力分布规律 。

软土地基中插入式大直径薄壁圆筒结构的一种简化数值计算方法

简述了对插入式大直径薄壁圆筒进行数值分析采用的力学机制,用弹簧元模拟薄壁圆筒与地基土体接触面间的连接所形成一种简化的数值计算模型,运用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS进行二次开发后对其进行数值计算与分析,比较了对筒内外淤泥粘土采用不同加固处理方法以及考虑相邻圆筒间采用不同边界约束条件时,对圆筒的应力和稳定性的影响。通过实例计算,验证了该数值模型的有效性与可行性,并得出一些有益结论。

大圆筒岸壁码头的量纲分析和离心模拟(英文)

认识土与沉入式无底大直径圆筒结构岸壁码头之间相互作用机制,对于它的安全和经济设计至关重要。基于量纲分析,首先研究确定了控制这种岸壁码头性状的无量纲项,然后,为研究这些无量纲项的相对重要性,设计了模型试验,并对试验结果分析解释。在所完成的离心模型试验中,就岸壁码头变形机制进行了观察,发现圆筒岸壁上部是偏离墙后土体向海侧倾斜,同时码头后场表面有沉降发生。离心试验结果的多元回归分析发现,圆筒岸壁的相对侧向位移对筒体前侧嵌入泥面以下的埋深比最为敏感,而侧向位移对圆筒的径高比的灵敏度不足前一因素的50%。相对来说,所测得的位移和土压力对筒壁的摩擦不很灵敏。对土压力结果的分析表明,作用于圆筒岸壁的侧向土压力可依据朗肯主动土压力理论,根据筒后土体的不排水强度进行预测。

沉入式大圆筒码头稳定性有限元强度折减法分析

由于作用荷载复杂,沉入式大圆筒码头结构设计计算需要考虑不利情况下的各种荷载组合,难以应用现有的有限元加载系数法进行稳定性分析。有限元强度折减法目前已广泛应用于土体边坡稳定性分析。沉入式大圆筒结构的抗滑、抗倾稳定性是靠地基土的嵌固作用来维持的,可通过弱化土体强度来实现对结构极限破坏状态的模拟。在此假设基础上,建立沉入式大圆筒码头稳定性分析的有限元强度折减法。结合某工程实例,利用有限元强度折减法分析沉入式大圆筒码头结构的稳定性。强度折减法只需对土体的强度进行弱化,操作方便,克服了加载系数法的缺点,适用于码头等作用荷载复杂的结构物稳定性分析。

内置横向圆柱体TLD的动力特性分析

为增大调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)中液体的晃动质量,以获得更优的动力特性,首次提出内置横向圆柱体TLD(TLD embedded a transverse cylinder,简称TLDETC)的概念。结合流体力学原理以及能量方法推导了TLDETC的晃动质量、晃动力、晃动阻尼比以及晃动频率的表达式,并通过三种设置方案对TLDETC与普通TLD进行了动力特性的对比分析。推导结果表明,TLDETC有效地增大了液体的晃动质量;而分析结果表明,TLDETC具有比普通TLD更优的动力性能。

大型船用柴油机缸套的细长孔铸造

分析了大型船用柴油机缸套铸件的细长孔铸造方案,介绍了采用镶铸钢管的方法来形成铸件内弯曲细长孔,它具有制作方便、孔的圆度和平直度好、孔内表面光洁等优点。同时在铸造过程中,必须采取措施解决镶铸管因受热膨胀而产生弯曲变形、被液态金属熔穿和减少铸件的热应力等问题。

在波浪荷载作用下插入式大圆筒结构稳定性分析评述

结合某大圆筒结构工程 ,对大圆筒结构稳定性分析中的各种计算方法进行了综合评述与讨论 ,尤其对大圆筒结构在波浪荷载作用下 ,各方法采用的受力计算模式及其计算结果进行了深入剖析 ,明确了一些概念性问题 ,有助于促进本课题的进一步发展。

软粘土中插入式大直径薄壁圆筒结构的一种极限状态分析模型

根据插入式大直径薄壁圆筒结构的工作特点建立了其合理的破坏机制 ,以此为基础建立了受横向荷载作用的插入式大直径薄壁圆筒结构的上限法极限分析模型 ,从中可以得到作用于插入式大直径薄壁圆筒结构上的横向极限荷载近似的上限解 ;并根据上限法模型计算结果 ,提出了计算受横向荷载作用的插入式大圆筒结构侧壁极限抗力的简化修正模型 ,利用此修正模型 ,基于极限平衡法 ,可以求解作用于插入式大直径薄壁圆筒结构上的横向极限荷载。

不同受力状态下沉入式大圆筒结构入土深度计算方法

沉入式大圆筒结构是一种适用于软土地基的码头、海岸及近海工程水工建筑物,沉入式大圆筒结构入土深度确定是该种结构稳定性设计的关键内容。假设圆筒绕筒轴线上某一点和绕筒母线上某一点转动二种变位模式;根据作用于圆筒上竖向力的大小,土对筒壁的摩阻力考虑竖直向上和向下二种情况;在土对筒壁的摩阻力竖直向上的情况下,考虑背离转动方向一侧地基土对筒底的反力作用。根据水平力、竖向力和力矩平衡条件,建立了沉入式大圆筒结构入土深度计算方法,对现有方法做了修改和完善。结合工程实例,对不同计算模式进行了比较分析,并研究了作用于圆筒上的竖向力和水平力对入土深度的影响。