Biological Early Warning and Emergency Management Support System for Water Pollution Accident

Water pollution accidents such as chemical spill and toxicants leach have become a serious issue in the world, which brings great threats to the aquatic ecosystem and drinking water safety. To detect unknown pollutions in time and take proper emergency actions, this study developed a system which integrated an online intelligent water quality monitoring device with a high efficient water quality model. The device is based on water quality probes and biological sensors which use fish motion as indicator. The numerical model is a combination of Euler and Lagrangian approaches. Finite element method is applied to simulate the flow field in an unstructured grid, and the pollutant be- haviours are traced through particle tracking. Oracle is used to manage the basic and monitoring data, and ArcSDE as well as ArclMS technologies are applied to make the system WebGIS-based so as to improve the data receiving and dispatching efficiency. The developed system has been successfully operated in Douhe Reservoir and Taihu Lake, China, where drinking water intakes are installed. It is seen from the applications that the online intelligent water qual- ity monitoring and emergency support system can be of great support to emergency management.

An Overview of Power System Emergency Management in China

The emergency management of power systems in China is reviewed in this paper.The current situation of emergency management is given firstly,then the organization system,warning and plan,emergency headquarter,and emergency power supply are separately discussed in theory and in practice.The advantages and disadvantages in the emergency management are also analyzed.

Construction of an intelligent patient satisfaction assessment system and its application in emergency management

Hospital emergency management work is of great importance which not only related to the life and health of the people but also related to social stability.It is necessary to construct and improve the patient satisfaction assessment system so that doctors and patients can interact in a timely and effective manner,and the hospital can alert or respond promptly.This study constructs a closed-loop emergency management system consisting of patient-end,data center and decision-making-end,and apply the feedback information to hospital emergency management.In the preliminary applications,the system has a significant effect on the hospital emergency management mechanism.The researchers will improve the system in the follow-up study。

Effective Development of Enterprise Emergency Management under the New Policy of Safety Production

In recent years,China has formed a more perfect emergency management system,and has achieved more significant results.The form of safety production has maintained a continuous good development trend,showing the characteristics of"two declines,one being basically flat,and one zero occurrence".In order to further strengthen the implementation of production safety responsibilities and resolutely prevent and contain extremely major accidents,the recent national production safety teleconference deployed 15 measures to pay close attention to the implementation,seriously pursue accountability,adhere to the red line,and immediately carry out in-depth and solid production safety inspections across the country.In such a high pressure situation,the ways to effectively carry out the security management of enterprises were briefly described in this paper.

Design and Simulation of an Audio Signal Alerting and Automatic Control System

A large part of our daily lives is spent with audio information. Massive obstacles are frequently presented by the colossal amounts of acoustic information and the incredibly quick processing times. This results in the need for applications and methodologies that are capable of automatically analyzing these contents. These technologies can be applied in automatic contentanalysis and emergency response systems. Breaks in manual communication usually occur in emergencies leading to accidents and equipment damage. The audio signal does a good job by sending a signal underground, which warrants action from an emergency management team at the surface. This paper, therefore, seeks to design and simulate an audio signal alerting and automatic control system using Unity Pro XL to substitute manual communication of emergencies and manual control of equipment. Sound data were trained using the neural network technique of machine learning. The metrics used are Fast Fourier transform magnitude, zero crossing rate, root mean square, and percentage error. Sounds were detected with an error of approximately 17%;thus, the system can detect sounds with an accuracy of 83%. With more data training, the system can detect sounds with minimal or no error. The paper, therefore, has critical policy implications about communication, safety, and health for underground mine.

Impact of failure mode and effects analysis-based emergency management on the effectiveness of craniocerebral injury treatment

BACKGROUND Craniocerebral injuries encompass brain injuries,skull fractures,cranial soft tissue injuries,and similar injuries.Recently,the incidence of craniocerebral injuries has increased dramatically due to the increased numbers of traffic accidents and aerial work injuries,threatening the physical and mental health of patients.AIM To investigate the impact of failure modes and effects analysis(FMEA)-based emergency management on craniocerebral injury treatment effectiveness.METHODS Eighty-four patients with craniocerebral injuries,treated at our hospital from November 2019 to March 2021,were selected and assigned,using the random number table method,to study(n=42)and control(n=42)groups.Patients in the control group received conventional management while those in the study group received FMEA theory-based emergency management,based on the control group.Pre-and post-interventions,details regarding the emergency situation;levels of inflammatory stress indicators[Interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)];incidence of complications;prognoses;and satisfaction regarding patient care were evaluated for both groups.RESULTS For the study group,the assessed parameters[pre-hospital emergency response time(9.13±2.37 min),time to receive a consultation(2.39±0.44 min),time needed to report imaging findings(1.15±4.44 min),and test reporting time(32.19±6.23 min)]were shorter than those for the control group(12.78±4.06 min,3.58±0.71 min,33.49±5.51 min,50.41±11.45 min,respectively;P<0.05).Pre-intervention serum levels of IL-6(78.71±27.59 pg/mL),CRP(19.80±6.77 mg/L),and PCT(3.66±1.82 ng/mL)in the study group patients were not significantly different from those in the control group patients(81.31±32.11 pg/mL,21.29±8.02 mg/L,and 3.95±2.11 ng/mL respectively;P>0.05);post-intervention serum indicator levels were lower in both groups than pre-intervention levels.Further,serum levels of IL-6(17.35±5.33 pg/mL),CRP(2.27±0.56 mg/L),and PCT(0.22±0.07 ng/mL)were lower in the study group than in the control group(30.15±12.38 pg/mL,3.13±0.77 mg/L,0.38±0.12 ng/mL,respectively;P<0.05).The complication rate observed in the study group(9.52%)was lower than that in the control group(26.19%,P<0.05).The prognoses for the study group patients were better than those for the control patients(P<0.05).Patient care satisfaction was higher in the study group(95.24%)than in the control group(78.57%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION FMEA-based craniocerebral injury management effectively shortens the time spent on emergency care,reduces inflammatory stress and complication risk levels,and helps improve patient prognoses,while achieving high patient care satisfaction levels.

Rapid building damage assessment system using mobile phone technology

One common scenario during disasters such as earthquakes is that the activity of damage field reconnaissance on site is not well-coordinated. For example in Italy the damage assessment of structures after an earthquake is managed from the Italian Emergency Authority, using printed forms （AeDES） which are filled by experts on site generating a lot of confusion in filling and transferring the forms to the Disaster Management Operative Center. Because of this, the paper explores the viability of using mobile communication technologies （smart phones） and the Web to develop response systems that would aid communities after a major disaster, providing channels for allowing residents and responders ofuploading and distributing information, related to structural damages coordinating the damage field reconnaissance. A mobile application that can be run by residents on smart phones has been developed, to give an initial damage evaluation of the area, which is going to be very useful when resources （e.g. the number of experts is limited）. The mobile application has been tested for the first time during 2012 Emilia earthquake to enhance the emergency response, showing the efficiency of the proposed method in statistical terms comparing the proposed procedure with the standard procedure.

Multi-formal and Information-based Emergency Resource Reserve System in China

Emergency resources are an important basis of effective emergency response. But there are many disadvantages of the Chinese traditional material reserve method in which the resources are separately reserved in different regions and sections according to the kinds of disasters. So there comes the Multi-formal and Information-based Emergency Resource Reserve System (MIERRS) in China. The reserve body and method change from the single into the multiple forms, that is, the main reserve body changes from the single government agency into the organizations combining with the military, enterprise and society, and the reserve method changes from single material reserve into the reserve combining with market reserve, talents and technology reserve, and production capacity reserve. The content of the reserve change from material to information means to develop the Emergency Resource Management Information System realizing real-time control of resource characteristics and relevant reserve information. The MIERRS leads to a reserve system with rapid response and flexible schedule. It provides a convenient platform for resource sharing, thus avoiding duplication and waste, improving the utilization of resources, reducing the reserve loss and optimizing the structure of resource reserve.

The application of feedforward control in the nursing emergency management of COVID-19

Objective:To explore the application of feedforward control in the nursing emergency management of COVID-19.Methods:The feedforward control theory was applied to the emergency management of COVID-19 nursing,including grasping the latest epidemic information,preparing for the early stage,formulating nursing workflow,implementing flexible management,standardizing isolation and protection measures,unifying nursing document record format,and implementing humanistic care.Results:During the period of support to Wuhan,the nursing work in the isolated area was orderly,the nursing staff's job satisfaction was high,no nursing errors and hospital infections occurred.Conclusion:Efficient feedforward control in the nursing emergency management that could avoid work blindness to a certain extent and play a guiding role in maintaining the normal operation of treatment and nursing work and protecting the safety of patients and medical staff in the ward during the epidemic period of COVID-19.

Fever Outpatient Service of General Hospital Applies “1 + 3 + 3” Emergency Management Mode to Deal with COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: To discuss the effect of “1 + 3 + 3” emergency management mode to deal with COVID-19 pandemic in fever outpatient service of general hospitals. Method: This paper analyzes and summarizes the problems encountered by fever outpatient service in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic from three aspects of “One Team”, “Three-Key” Control and “Three Mosts”. Results: The application of “1 + 3 + 3” emergency management mode can effectively boost the orderliness and efficiency of fever outpatient service in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The “1 + 3 + 3” emergency management mode provides a new management mode and idea for dealing with COVID-19 pandemic, so the fever outpatient service of general hospitals can better improve the national overall anti-pandemic situation.

Study on Emergency Management of Geological and Meteorological Disasters

The damage caused by geological and meteorological disasters was pointed out in this paper through analyzing the features and causes of geological and meteorological disasters.To strengthen emergency management of geological and meteorological disasters,it is suggested to rigorously investigate potential geological hazard points,to strengthen observation and warning system,to take group prevention and group test as a supplementary to professional observation,to build up the last line of defense to geological and meteorological disasters,to set up functional cooperation mechanism,and to publicize disaster prevention and mitigation.

Political Implications of Emergency Management

This paper will review three broad types of political implications of emergency management, since historically emergency management was considered only a function of law enforcement and fire departments, with the support in the event of a major catastrophe from public health and civil defense organizations. The issue is not whether governments will be required to respond to emergencies but rather when and how frequently. The time to think about emergencies is before they happen. Despite some significant weakness in the overall approach, political implications offer many benefits and provide various options for CDCs （community development corporations） to get involved in disaster recovery and emergency management. Based upon a generally positive evaluation, the paper concludes that emergency management must become a central activity, whether at the federal, state, or local or as an intergovernmental activity. Hopefully for the future the government does not have to wait for a disaster to strike for one to put a policy into place, since they have had several to occur over decades. The government should be ready to take on any disaster if it occurs with the following policies and procedures that are in place.

Recommendations for Emergency Management of Rural Major Infectious Diseases in Non-epicenter Areas:Taking Village B during COVID-19 as an Example

This paper analyzed the key issues and challenges confronted in the governance of Village B in the non-epicenter area in rural areas of China during the COVID-19 pandemic.It clarified the weak points in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in Village B.A triple emergency management mechanism of"people-materials-environment"in rural areas should be established.It came up with constructive recommendations for scientifically and effectively responding to public health emergencies in rural non-epicenter areas,which is helpful to improve the rationality,legality and scientific effectiveness of the construction of emergency response mechanisms in rural areas.

Study on Emergency Management Mechanism of Public Health Emergencies

The outbreak of SARS in 2003 opened the way of public health emergency management in China.COVID-19 which suddenly outbroke in 2019 is still raging all over the world,and emergency management mechanism of China is being tested.Efforts to improve the emergency management mechanism can provide effective institutional guarantee for the overall victory of anti epidemic and the prevention and control of public health emergencies.

Research on Government Emergency Management Strategy Based on Public Health Incidents

It is the government's basic responsibility to ensure public health safety.However,due to the influence of the environment and human beings,some public health incidents are still inevitable,endangering public health and undermining social stability.However,any public health incident is traceable,and there will be a process from latent period to outbreak.Therefore,the government needs to grasp the key points of health incidents,strengthen emergency management,and ensure social stability and public safety.

长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制研究

目的 了解长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制的现状,构建长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架,提出完善长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制的建议。方法 在文献检索、专家访谈的基础上,设计长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架,编制专家咨询问卷,选择18位相关领域专家对长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架的三级主题从重要性、现状完备程度、优化难易程度进行评分,并对专家咨询数据的可靠性进行分析。结果 长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架包括应急指挥决策的跨区域协同机制、监测预警与风险评估的跨区域联防机制、跨区域应急处置的协同响应机制和跨区域联防联控能力建设机制等4个一级主题,分13个二级主题和29个三级主题。专家积极程度为100%。总体专家权威系数Cr=0.86,表明专家咨询的结果具有一定的权威性。专家意见的Kendall W协调系数为0.60,P <0.001,说明专家评估意见一致性高的结果是可信的。各主题条目的重要性得分均数> 3.9,表明本研究框架中的所有主题均比较重要,有继续发展完善的价值,其中现状完备程度较低、优化较易的主题为联席会议制度、区域专家库建设、应急联合会商研判、区域联合预警、密接协查与跨省追踪、信息联合通报与共享、联合复盘与评估、人才交流与互访、联合应急培训、区域应急梯队建设和应急科研合作。结论 长三角区域协同联防联控机制发挥成效需要顶层设计、政策支持、技术专业人员全面深度融合。建议长三角三省一市加强协同监测预警和信息互通共享,强化跨区域协同应急联合处置,加强人员交流和队伍联合培训,深化区域科研合作和标准化建设,发挥优势,引领全国。

Comparative Analysis of Social Forces Participating in Emergency Management of Public Health Events in China, Australia, Germany and the United States

Objective To provide a reference and suggestions for Chinese social forces to participate in the emergency management of public health events.Methods Through literature research method,comparative research method and SWOT matrix analysis,four aspects of prevention,early warning,response and recovery of the social forces in China,Germany,Australia and the United States participating in emergency management were studied comparatively.Results and Conclusion In the emergency management of public health events,China’s social forces play greater role in the response and recovery phase than that in the prevention and response phase.As to its shortcomings,the following suggestions are made,such as incorporating social forces into the national emergency management system,strengthening the construction and training of social forces,popularizing public health knowledge and awareness,clarifying property rights and using incentives and punishment together.

Standardized Management Outlined in Future Response to Emergency Plan

The General Office of the State Council released the 13th Five-Year Plan for China's National Emergency System Construction(Plan for short).According to the Plan,China's emergency management laws and regulations and standards system need to be further improved and the basic capabilities of emergency management should continue to be enhanced.

上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养的实践与思考:以2020—2022年上海市疾病预防控制中心承担项目为例

目的以上海市疾病预防控制中心承担项目为例,对上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养的实践进行客观评估,总结项目实施经验,完善项目评估机制,强化学科发展与人才培养对上海市健全公共卫生应急管理体系的支撑作用。方法基于学科建设验收评估申请书,通过定量、定性方法对学科建设期间的项目基本情况、学科建设成效、跨机构科研协作、参与公共卫生实践以及人才培养与建设等进行描述和分析。结果各学科团队承担的科研项目级别较高,较好促进了学科创新发展;各学科团队注重公共卫生实践与应用能力建设,实现了科研成果的转化落地;上海市疾病预防控制中心和复旦大学在论文发表合作网络中占据了主要地位,在多部门科研协作中发挥了重要作用;专业机构和高等院校的合作促进了公共卫生复合型人才培养。结论上海市公共卫生重点学科建设与人才培养取得了良好成效。

Tornado Impacts in the US from 1950-2015: A GIS-Based Analysis of Vulnerability and Evolving Risk Zones for Human Casualties

The United States is one of the major countries in the world that faces a numerous number of tornadoes every year, directly and indirectly experiencing extensive property damage and human casualties as well as a variety of demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts. This research provides a GIS-based examination of the ways past tornadoes that occurred in the US in the period 1950-2015 have played out in the context of bodily injuries and loss of human life. To this end, the research collected major secondary data (i.e., georeferenced tornado point data) from the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) tornado database and conducted raster-based spatial analysis, utilizing techniques like point density analysis and map algebra to locate areas that have a high risk of tornadoes and to create maps that show relationships between the past tornado events and human casualties. One of the major research findings shown by the spatial analysis was that the geographic areas or regions impacted by tornadoes varied over time. In addition, the statistical results showed a trend that the tornado-prone regions extend from “Tornado Alley” to the states of Illinois, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, and Florida, indicating that the communities in those states that are newly considered to be vulnerable to tornadoes should step up to develop their own tornado mitigation plan to help protect the public and its property from tornadoes. Such plans can play a crucial role in safeguarding the public and protecting property from tornadoes’ potential impact. Additionally, urban planners and policymakers can use this information to make informed decisions about building codes and infrastructure development in tornado-prone areas, potentially reducing the impact of future tornado events on human lives and property.