Reactive Power Compensation and Harmonic Suppression for Power Supply System of HT-7U Superconductive Tokamak

In this paper, a strategy for the reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression of the power supply system in HT-7U superconductive Tokamak is proposed. The optimized approach is given in the parameters design for passive filter. Also a controlling method with fast response time and good accuracy is put forward for the compensator, which is more suitable for the dynamic load.

Design to conditioning circuits of dynamic compensation of reactive power in the intelligence voltage controller

The paper introduces one design idea that making use of SCM to control Real-timely the dynamic compensation of reactive power.Firstly,design one Circuit to Sample the voltage and current,and by these datas we can easily calculate the power factor,and Voltage controller in the microcontroller to determine whether input the compensation capacitance according to the size of power factor,the paper also analyzes the principle of capacitance compensation and calculation method. Dynamic compensation for the entire process is quick and accurate.

Microcontroller Control of Reactive Power Compensation for Growing Industrial Loads

Many industrial installations in developing countries start-up as small factories, without regard for the need of compensation of reactive power, leading to significant financial losses in the long term. By improving the power factor, the customer can reduce its power demand and potentially increase efficiency of their equipment. A PIC microcontroller is used to switch capacitor banks to compensate for the reactive power. In order to determine the size of the capacitor bank needed, the microcontroller calculates the phase difference between the voltage and the current. The results obtained based on the lagging power factor for three test loads show an improvement in the power factor from 0.52 to 0.96 under different test load conditions.

Fuzzy Decision Method Applied in Action of Reactive Power Compensation Devices in Wind System

Frequent occurrence of large-scale cascading trip-off of wind turbine raises the concern about the decision process of ordered control of reactive power compensation devices. The theory of fuzzy multi-attribute decision making is adopted to ascertain the action sequence of reactive power compensation devices. First, a set of evaluation indexes including control sensitivity, regulation margin, response time, response level and cost is set up, and fuzziness of the proposed qualitative indexes is introduced to make them comparable to the proposed quantitative indexes. Then a method to calculate fuzzy weight of each index is put forward for evaluating relative importance of the proposed indexes. Finally, the action sequence of reactive power compensation devices is determined through the theory of fuzzy compromise decision making. The case study shows that the proposed method is effective to obtain the action sequence of reactive power compensation device which correspond to experience.

Optimal Reactive Power Compensation of Distribution Network to Prevent Reactive Power Reverse

The capacitive reactive power reversal in the urban distribution grid is increasingly prominent at the period of light load in the last years.In severe cases,it will endanger the security and stability of power grid.This paper presents an optimal reactive power compensation method of distribution network to prevent reactive power reverse.Firstly,an integrated reactive power planning(RPP)model with power factor constraints is established.Capacitors and reactors are considered to be installed in the distribution system at the same time.The objective function is the cost minimization of compensation and real power loss with transformers and lines during the planning period.Nodal power factor limits and reactor capacity constraints are new constraints.Then,power factor sensitivity with respect to reactive power is derived.An improved genetic algorithm by power factor sensitivity is used to solve the model.The optimal locations and sizes of reactors and capacitors can avoid reactive power reversal and power factor exceeding the limit.Finally,the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is proven by a typical high-voltage distribution network.

The design and simulation of TCR(thyristor control reactor) reactive power compensation system based on Arene

Inevitably, the question of reactive power compensation was aroused by applied of power electronics. Based on the study of the instantaneous reactive power theory, the designs of TCR(thyristor control reactor) thyristor control reactor reac- tive power compensation system and TCR single closed loop strategy was pro- posed. In addition, as digital simulation software, Arene was applied to simulate the Jining coal mine No.2 system. The simulation results validate that the design is effective to improve power factor and stabilization of the system.

Reactive Power Problem and Solutions: An Overview

This article presents a comprehensive review for the dilemma of reactive power flow, while addressing different proposed remedy strategies: conventional and most update solutions. Robust analytical expressions were utilized to exploit the functionality of the proposed solutions and to show clearly the relation between the reactive power and control variables. The article, moreover, proposes a simple, innovative and robust analysis for static performance of the STATCOM. This approach shows clearly the advantages of the STA-TCOM in regulating reactive power and maintaining load voltage level within presumable limits. The approach, furthermore, reveals explicitly via analytical expressions the impact of the STATCOM operation on different aspects of the power system under concern.

Parameter Test and Analysis for Dynamic Compensation Devices in Wind Power Farms

The dynamic reactive power compensation equipment in Jiuquan Wind Power Base of above 10 GW consists of three different types of compensation devices,including:static var generator(SVG),thyristor controlled compensator(TCR)and magnetically controlled reactor(MCR).The lack of experimental verif ication of performance is not conducive to voltage/var management or full utilization of device capacities.In order to solve the above problems,the compensation device performance test was performed.The test items and procedures were selected based on related national standards with the consideration for different grid structures and wind farm operation modes.The testing contents included dynamic regulating range, active power loss,dynamic response time,and harmonic voltage level.Three types of compensation devices installed in different wind farms,namely SVG,TCR and MCR,were chosen and tested.The performances were compared and analyzed according to the field test results.

含电动汽车和光伏的配电网演化动态博弈调度策略

针对大规模电动汽车的无序充电行为可能导致电网出现的三相不平衡问题,基于演化动态博弈模型,提出一种考虑三相负荷平衡和光伏消纳的电动汽车充电调度策略。首先,基于电动汽车接入时段的主观性以及光伏出力和负荷的不确定性,引入游牧集群和定居集群之间的演化动态博弈方程;然后,考虑用户侧和电网侧双方利益关系,设计以最小化电动汽车充电费用、三相负荷不平衡度和无功需求为目标的调度优化模型;最后,通过对某商业区配电网算例进行仿真求解,对比分析三相有功曲线、三相无功曲线以及荷电状态曲线的变化趋势。算例结果表明,该调度策略可有效降低三相不平衡度,满足无功补偿的需求以及改善用户充电成本。

锌冶炼电网中谐波治理及应用

随着电力技术的发展,电能成为我们生活、工业中必不可少的能源之一,锌冶炼生产系统中,由于工业生产中整流设备、变频设备、电子装置、电葫芦等设备的使用,产生大量的高次谐波,使得电网系统电能质量下降,所以对电网中谐波的治理迫在眉睫,本文通过锌冶炼系统电网运行的实际情况分析谐波的来源和治理的方案。

基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网电压协同控制策略

整县分布式光伏电源的大量开发与利用及分布式电源规模化并网对实现“碳达峰、碳中和”与“乡村振兴”两大国家战略具有重要的现实意义。由于分布式电源发电尖峰和低谷阶段与负荷峰谷时常不同步,进而导致配电系统过/欠电压问题,严重影响了电能质量,甚至威胁系统安全。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网层级式电压协同控制策略。首先,建立基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网层级式电压协同控制框架。其次,结合多微电网节点注入电流与电压的方程与功率–电压灵敏度分析,根据多节点电压越限程度,提出一种基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的多智能体协同调节策略,该策略先通过无功补偿器进行无功调节,当电压尚未得到有效治理时,再采用多微电网进行有功调节。再次,为了进一步满足各节点微电网有功功率调节需求,并考虑电网内部源–荷–储运行成本与污染排放,提出一种基于多目标优化的微电网内部分布式源–荷–储优化协调功率控制策略。最后,在MATLAB平台中设计了3种仿真场景以及IEEE测试系统模型对所提控制策略进行了验证。结果表明,所提出的电压协同控制方法在最经济的情况下可以实现各节点电压的综合高效治理,同时,所提出的微电网优化协调功率控制策略能使源–荷–储在绿色经济的供电模式下实时精准地满足电压治理目标下微电网有功调节的需求。仿真实验结果验证了本文所提控制策略的有效性。

基于分布式协同控制技术的分散式无功补偿技术方案研究

结合实际工程的应用实例从分散式无功补偿方案的提出、分布式协同吸收方案的理论、具体工程方案的设计进行简单的论述。结合线路开通后的实际运行工况,利用设置于正线的能量回馈吸收装置实现了分散式无功补偿,该方案可减少或完全取消设置于主变电所侧的SVG容量,充分开发和利用了能馈吸收装置的能力,节约了工程投资,实现了既定设计目标。

兼具电池储能与无功补偿的高压直挂大容量系统四象限运行控制技术

高压直挂电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)采用H桥电路串联的方法升高电压后接入电网,将电池簇分散接入级联H桥变换器的直流侧,具有高度模块化的结构,对比低压方案具有单机容量大、效率高、响应速度快等明显优势。高压直挂BESS若能兼具无功补偿能力,实现系统四象限运行,将具有更大的成本优势和经济效益。电池簇接单相H桥变换器的结构,使得系统运行在高比例无功补偿工况时,电池簇电流在一个二倍基频的周期中会出现两次反向,导致电池运行在高频充放电的工况,这会对电池寿命和电池状态监测造成较大的影响。为解决这一问题,提出一种基于零序电压注入的高比例无功补偿控制方法,避免了二倍基频脉动电流对电池进行高频充放电,再通过优化零序电压的幅值和相位,最大程度上降低对电池的影响。

基于变流器并网的新能源外送系统功率传输能力评估

光伏、风电等清洁能源广泛采用并网变流器接入电网,评估变流器并网新能源外送系统的功率传输能力,对于保证电网正常及紧急运行工况下的清洁能源持续、稳定外送具有重要意义。该文首先分析无功补偿前后变流器并网系统的功率传输特性,掌握变流器并网系统的安全稳定传输边界。接着,对新能源外送通道开展动态热容量评估,挖掘传输通道潜在传输能力以促进清洁能源消纳。然后,统筹考虑保证并网系统及外送通道安全稳定运行的各类型约束,确定新能源最大外送能力。最后,对算例测试系统中的新能源场站开展最大外送能力评估,算例研究表明:配合无功补偿并同时利用设备动态热容量,可以提升新能源外送能力;不同电网连接强度和运行工况下,限制清洁能源外送能力的主导因素不同,需依据主导因素确定外送功率,才能确保电网的安全稳定运行。

基于相位与幅值补偿的虚拟同步发电机低电压穿越控制

虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)通过模拟同步发电机的工作原理,引入虚拟惯量与阻尼系数,提高了分布式电源并网的稳定性。但是当电网发生电压跌落时,电压的跌落与恢复均会使电网电压的相位与幅值发生跳变,而传统的VSG控制策略难以解决该问题。为此,文中提出一种基于相位与幅值补偿的VSG低电压穿越控制方法。首先,分析电网电压跌落与恢复对电网造成的不同影响。其次,在电网电压跌落期间,通过将VSG输出电压和电网电压之间的相位与幅值差控制在允许范围内来实现过流抑制、输出功率的快速稳定以及无功补偿的目的。然后,在电网电压恢复时,通过快速补偿消除VSG输出电压和电网电压之间的相位与幅值差,从而抑制因电网电压跳变而造成的过流等问题。最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证所提控制策略的有效性。根据仿真结果可知,文中提出的控制策略可以有效抑制过流的产生并且能够实现无功补偿。

基于价值分配方法的无功辅助服务市场研究

新能源机组并网导致系统电压波动问题,给电力系统的无功调控带来新的挑战。与原有单一的无功调压方式和补偿标准相比,市场化无功调压能够体现不同无功源的时空特性,激励无功补偿设备的投资与建设。为此提出基于价值分配方法的无功辅助服务市场出清机制,激励新能源机组及用户侧无功补偿设备参与无功调压。首先明确市场成员的报价规则,构建市场出清模型;其次制定无功补偿机制,提出基于价值分配方法的无功辅助服务定价公式,采用维克里-克拉克-格罗夫斯机制量化市场成员的真实无功价值,解决无功市场力问题。使用IEEE-30节点数据进行仿真分析,获得各时段无功出力计划、有功网损、无功节点电价和无功补偿费用。结果表明,基于价值分配方法开展无功市场能够激励市场成员真实报价,维持系统电压水平稳定,并使得各类型无功补偿设备获得合理收益。

考虑主变电所资源共享的城市轨道交通供电系统无功补偿方案

[目的]当城市轨道交通供电系统的主变电所资源共享时,能够节省供电系统的投资成本。在此背景下,为使PCC(公共连接点)的功率因数达到标准,需要对不同阶段的主变电所资源共享无功补偿方案进行研究。[方法]以某城市地铁线路的供电系统为例,根据行车计划和供电系统结构,推算出PCC处在全日功率因数达标的情况下,主变电所资源共享前后的最小无功功率补偿量。提出考虑主变电所资源共享的无功补偿设置方案,以主变电所资源共享前后的最小无功功率补偿量满足补偿需求为基础,以SVG(静止无功发生器)容量最小为目标,确定SVG和电抗器或电容器的安装容量。[结果及结论]在案例线路的供电系统中,1#主变电所主变压器供电分区无功补偿装置的实际配置为:电抗器容量为6.0 Mvar;SVG容量为1.0 Mvar;2#主变压器供电分区无功补偿装置的配置为:电抗器容量为3.0 Mvar;SVG容量为0.5 Mvar。所提供电系统无功补偿方案将总计容量为9.0 Mvar的SVG装置替换成电抗器,在满足无功补偿需求的同时降低了投资成本。