The Poison of Polygamy:Genre of the English Translation

When the Chinese-language The Poison of Polygamy was translated into English,some critics identified the work as picaresque.Skeptical of this conclusion,the author of this paper broadens the field of inquiry to suggest classification in an emigrant sensational genre.Briefly,the first two plots of the multi-strand work unfold the adventures of Chinese emigrants travelling by sea and land to Melbourne’s Gold Mountain.Interestingly,we are also afforded a glimpse of emigrant miners’cooperation regardless of race and colour when a mine disaster occurs.The work provides sharp recognition of migrants’dilemmas,such as marriage,before tackling the bigamy issue,the gender war,the fallen lifestyle of the female protagonist and so on.As the work unfolds,further shocking tales of murders and indulgence are revealed.Unlike the picareque’s episodic style,the translated Poison of Polygamy is coherent,realistic,serious and critical,and completely lacking in both sarcasm and playfulness.To investigate the appropriateness of assigning the work to the picaresque genre,the paper compares briefly with representative Spanish picaresque works such as Lazarillo and Gusman and English canonical Moll Flanders,watching carefully for commonalities.However,The Poison of Polygamy would seem to resonate more with Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret,a sensational fiction which shocked the English world in the 1860s.The contexts of both novels are close,mid-Victorian and Edwardian,where the latter is a continuation of the Victorians.The author is further enlightened by research results of literary translators who advocate that a text,once translated into a target language,becomes a canon of that culture and is cherished as such by its readers-as in the case of Shakespeare being revered as a German poet when read in translation.From this experiment the paper deems that cross-lingual comparative literature is not only possible but significant and resourceful.

Chronic Stress and Its Symptoms among Mexican Immigrants in Edmonton, Canada

Immigration-related stress is the result of an environment that imposes demands surpassing the psychological resources of those suffering from it with a destabilizing effect on their physical and psychological health. The purpose of this study is to determine what the chronic stress levels are and their association with psychophysiological symptoms and gender in Mexican immigrants living in Edmonton, Canada. A representative random sample was made of 237 immigrants in 2012. The stress symptoms inventory was used and a multiple regression and multivariate analysis was made. Results indicated that chronic stress levels were: 14% high, 46% medium and 40% low and psychophysiological predictor symptoms were: fatigue, constipation, frequent colds, cold hands and feet and insomnia, and the female gender. Therefore one may conclude that a precise identification of the predictor symptoms of chronic stress may help promote and implement programs aimed at timely prevention of stress before they affect the health and occupational safety of Mexican immigrants living in Edmonton, Canada.

Environmental emigration stress of slope farmland in the Three Gorges area

The project of ’grain for green’, to restore woodland and grass by retreating from slope farmland, as a fundamental measure of eco-environmental rehabilitation, is being conducted in the reservoir area of the Three Gorges gradually. However, the de-farming of slope farmland will reduce the amount of farmland in de-farmed areas, especially in the areas with concentrated slope farmland, which would cause the problems of environmental emigration. The people who cannot regain enough farmland by relocating farmlands within village after de-farming and have to emigrate to other places are called environmental emigrants or ecological emigrants. In the research, a de-farming stress index model and an environmental emigration model are developed based on GRID data, and the potential amount of environmental emigration caused by de-farming of slope farmland in the reservoir area is simulated aided with GIS. The simulation indicates that the potential emigration amount caused by de-farming is quite large. When the de-farming stress index reaches 40%, the amount is as large as 890,000 people, which is equivalent to the emigrants caused by the submergence of the Three Gorges reservoir. So it should be considered as a big problem during the eco-environmental rehabilitation in this area. Some suggestions are raised to tackle the problem. Firstly, the emigration plan should be included in the de-farming plan. Secondly, some provinces, especially those located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, should accommodate part of the environmental emigrants.

Impact of the emigration of nurses on health care delivery system in selected hospitals,Benin‑City,Edo State,Nigeria

Background:Globally,there is a high demand for nurses,resulting in migration from low‑to high‑income countries.The emigration of nurses is the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another country,leading to a shortage in the number of nurses in their home countries.Consequently,this study aims to assess the impact of the emigration of nurses on the health‑care delivery system in Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross‑sectional survey was conducted with a stratified sampling technique to select 270 nurses from three selected hospitals in Benin‑city Edo state.A self‑structured questionnaire with open and Likert scale questions were used as an instrument to assess the Impact of the Emigration of nurses on the Health Care Delivery System.Data collected were analyzed using tables,percentages,means,standard deviation and t‑test.Results:The result showed a mean score of 1.59±0.92 impacts of the emigration of nurses on health‑care delivery system and identified how to reduce it.The study also showed that there is no significant difference between gender and reason for emigration among nurses(t=3.84,P≤0.001).Conclusion:The emigration of nurses is severely affecting the health care delivery system in the country.Recently,the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria gave the directive for training schools to increase their training capacity and number of students’intake to cushion the effect,and this study shows that this palliative can only be a short time measure,and however will encourage more nurses traveling abroad on the long run.Therefore,the hospital managers and government should provide a conducive working environment,better remuneration,attractive retirement benefit,and other incentives as a push in factor for nurses to stay back in their home countries.

Emerging and under-recognized Chagas cardiomyopathy in non-endemic countries

Due to recent population emigration movements,an epidemic of Chagas disease is currently menacing most developed countries.The authors report the case of a 53-year-old Brazilian woman living in Europe for the last 10 years who developed heart failure symptoms,having a previous symptomatic sinus node disease with a pacemaker implant at age of 40 years.The diagnosis was based on serology and myocardial biopsy and the patient was treated with nifurtimox.The authors emphasize the need of a high level of suspicion in patients with suggestive epidemiology and the needof populational screening of specific high risk groups.New treatment options are also discussed.

Socio-economic and Socio-political Effects of Emigration on the Sending Countries

Migration is one of the most prominent phenomena in these ultimate years.It has brought some good consequences and economic development,but also a number of socio-economical and socio-political problems,such as decreasing population in the sending countries,brain drain,labour market shortages,etc.This paper focuses on the reasons why people emigrate from their countries of origin and what effects bring their emigration to the national economy.The purpose of the paper is to explain the emigration impact on the labour market in the sending countries,the phenomenon“brain drain”and its effects,the impact of the remittances,and the importance of Diasporas and return migration for the countries of origin.

甘肃省开展人口教育提高人口素质

甘肃省开展人口教育提高人口素质甘肃省地处我国西北部，辖１４个地、市、州，面积４５万平方公里，人口２３００多万，境内居住着汉、满、回、蒙、维、土、东乡、哈萨克等民族，是以农牧业为主，经济不发达的多民族省份。由于受历史、地理、文化、经济基础等诸多因素的影...

Y-chromosome haplotype distribution in Han Chinese populations and modern human origin in East Asians

We investigated the distribution of Y-chromosome haplotype using 19 Y-SNPs in Han Chinese populations from 22 provinces of China. Our data indicate distinctive patterns of Y chromosome between southern and northern Han Chinese populations. The southern populations are much more polymorphic than northern populations. The latter has only a subset of the southern haplotypes. This result confirms the genetic difference observed between southern and northern ethnic populations in East Asia. It supports the hypothesis that the first settlement of modern hu-mans of African origin occurred in the southern part of East Asia during the last Ice Age, and a northward migration led to the peopling of northern China.

Dispersing male Parnassius smintheus butterflies are more strongly affected by forest matrix than are females

Dispersal is a central aspect of the ecology, evolution, and conservation of species. Predicting how species will respond to changing environmental conditions requires understanding factors that produce variation in dispersal. We explore one source of variation, differences between sexes within a spatial population network. Here, we compare the dispersal patterns of male and female Parnassius smintheus among 18 subpopulations over 8 years using the Virtual Migration Model. Estimated dispersal parameters differed between males and females, particularly with respect to movement through meadow and forest matrix habitat. The estimated dispersal distances of males through forest were much less than for females. Observations of female movement showed that, unlike males, females do not avoid forest nor does forest exert an edge effect. We explored whether further forest encroachment in this system would have different effects for males and females by fitting mean parameter estimates to the landscape configuration seen in 1993 and 2012. Despite differences in their dispersal due presumably to both habitat and physiological differences, males and females are predicted to respond in similar ways to reduced meadow area and increased forest isolation.

Population dynamics of three lizard species from the genus Sceloporus:short-term changes in demographic parameters

Most demographic studies focus on numerical changes that occur within populations across years.However,typically studies at an interannual scale do not provide information on the particular times of the year(particu­lar months or seasons)when rates of survival,recruitment,or migration increase or decrease due to physiolog­ical,behavioral or ecological processes.These monthly or seasonal changes in demographic parameters may lead to substantial variations in population abundance.In this study,we collected capture-mark-recapture data on 3 species of lizards of the genus Sceloporus(Sceloporus torquatus,Sceloporus grammicus and Sceloporus megalepidurus)found in ecologically similar habitats to examine potential changes in demographic rates among 3 different climatic seasons:rainy,cold-dry and warm-dry seasons.We tested different hypotheses about the ef­fect of these seasons on survival,recruitment of new adults,and temporary emigration.We found that during the season with severe thermal constraints,the cold-dry season,survival of S.torquatus decreased markedly.We also detected a considerable increase in the recruitment rate of S.grammicus during the rainy season,when these lizards are establishing territories and finding mates.In contrast,we found no evidence of intra-annual changes in the rate of temporary emigration.In addition,we calculated abundance and population growth rates for each species and for each season.Our study represents a significant contribution to the understanding of in­tra-annual demographic variation in lizards.

West of Japan/East of Europe: Translating Architectural Legacies and the Case of Bruno Taut’s Hyuga Villa

Based on communications presented at the international symposium‘West of Japan/East of Europe’,hosted by the Department of Architecture at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in concomitance with the exhibi­tion‘Bruno Taut’s Hyuga Villa in Atami,Japan’,this text discusses the question of cultural translation in architecture departing from the example of Hyuga Villa,realised by Taut in 1936.Despite the inherently immobile status of archi­tecture,architectural ideas travel widely,as well as their conceivers,the architects.The cultural passage implicit to translation is never flawless,though.Hyuga Villa offers a good case in point,since it was conceived by an architect who had only a partial grasp of local culture and who tried to integrate elements of both Western and Japanese design.But what are the implications of‘translating’architecture?Can we translate not only words but also images,details,building conventions,even aesthetic sensitivities?And is everything translatable?Applied to an artifact recognised today as an important testimony to the encounter between Western and Eastern design cultures,these questions relate to issues that are central to the debate on both architectural history and built heritage,proposing an alternative approach in terms of method and scope.