EMPIRICAL STUDY ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF LISTED COMPANIES IN CHINESE STOCK MARKET

Capital structure decision is an important issue of corporate finance.Theories show that,the corporate debt ratio is determined by many factors.This study conducts empirical work on capital structure theories,focusing on the corporate data of Chinese listed companies,by considering the intrinsic characteristics,utilizing the principal factor analysis and the ridge regression method.Our results suggest that a firms debt ratio has a positive relationship with its size,profitability and operating risk and has a negative relationship with its growth and non debt tax shield,while the long term leverage has a positive relationship with its collateral value of assets.

An Empirical Study on the Concept of“Honesty and Integrity”between Chinese and Westerners

Language and culture have been mutually dependent through their history. The moral principle—honesty and integrity isone of the most significant categories of human's culture.The author does a literary review of the relationship between language andculture. Then she makes an analysis of an empirical study on Chinese and Western concepts of"honesty and integrity".In light ofthe empirical study, the author has found that Chinese mainly come into contact with the idea of"honesty and integrity"from theirparents, while the Westerners learn this concept mostly from school education.

Empirical Study on Management of Flowers Tourism

The paper had illustrated the construction of Yanling Famous Flowers and Trees Science Park and highlighted its important position as scalized,standardized and corporatization demonstration based on development of flower industry and basic condition of the park.Through interview and sample survey of flower enterprises,it concluded that the park had vigorous support from government,good service concept,strong consciousness for developing flowers tourism,and scaled development.And meantime,it pointed out three problems in park's management which were problems about enterprise's flower production characteristic,about the concept of farmers of land transference,and about enterprises.Finally,from the perspective of park's management,it put forward some suggestions on flowers tourism development.In terms of flowers tourism development,it should enhance characterization,scale and standardization of enterprises production,explore diversified methods for land transference,and strengthen peasant-workers' skill and thought training.In terms of supportive policy,it should intensify the park's identification,pay attention to protection of ecological environment,create tourist products of local feature,enhance publicity and highlight participation and experience projects.

An Empirical Study on the Revitalization of Rural Areas Served by Banking and Financial Institutions in Jingzhou City,Hubei Province

In the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,the banking and financial institutions in Jingzhou City,Hubei Province,under the guidance of the Jingzhou Branch of the People's Bank of China,strive to improve and develop the financial service system adapted to the characteristics of the countryside in the new period.It has innovated financial service products,improved the quality and efficiency of financial services,increased financial support,and achieved remarkable results.On the basis of the investigation,combined with the relevant written materials and statistical data collected,this paper makes an empirical study on the reality of the city's banking and financial institutions serving the revitalization of rural areas.

Empirical Study on Standardization Curricula in Chinese Universities

This paper summarizes partial findings on education about standardization by CNIS in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, 21 universities and colleges in China had established a standardization curriculum. This paper deals with standardization education related to economic management, engineering, agriculture and science of law and summarizes respondents＇ opinions on teaching performances and design of teaching materials and curriculums.

Applying“First Principles of Instruction”as a Design Theory of the EFL Classroom:Findings from an Empirical Study

How to benefit the learners learning English as a foreign language(EFL)from the aspect of instructional design aroused the concerns of many teachers and researchers.The main purpose of this study is to address the question of how teachers can design and implement EFL classroom that benefit the learners.Specifically,the“First Principles of Instruction,”advocated by Merrill(2002),was applied by the English teachers to conduct their day-to-day pedagogical practices.The corresponding effects of this theory in designing EFL classroom activities were reported in this study.Two research questions are formulated as follows:(1)Does the“First Principles of Instruction”benefit the EFL classroom designing in the aspect of student achievement?If yes,what is the effect?(2)How do the English teachers perceive the“First Principles of Instruction”to design EFL classroom?While observing the EFL classroom activities and interviewing the college English teachers,an empirical study was done to perceive how college English teachers could best apply these principles to design EFL classroom activities.

Shifting cultivation in Mizoram, India: An empirical study of its economic implications

Shifting cultivation is the major occupation and the main source of income of the marginal farmers(Jhumias) in Mizoram. At present, net area sown in Mizoram State is only 5.5%, of which, 16.9% area is devoted to shifting cultivation. Meanwhile, about 54% people, living in the rural areas, are engaged in practicing it. This paper examines economic implications of shifting cultivation in Mizoram, the eastern extension of the Himalaya. A total of 16 villages from eight districts(two villages from each district), were selected for case study, based on their location and distance from the district’s headquarter. Household level survey was conducted and a purposive random sampling method was employed to select households with 34.2% sampling size. The case study reveals that production and yield of the principal crops grown under shifting cultivation has decreased during the last 17 years(2000-2017), whereas, there is a slight increase in area sown. It further shows that although, a large group of Jhumias are practicing shifting cultivation and growing subsistence cereals, yet, their economic viability is significantly less than cash crops. As a result, a large section of people in rural areas are living below poverty line. The study suggests that for sustainable livelihood, cash crops can replace subsistence crops and shifting cultivation can be converted into permanent cultivation through terracing the Jhum plots.

An Empirical Study of Code Clone Clustering Based on Clone Evolution

There are lots of code clones appearing in software,which are similar code fragments with each other. In the past decades,researchers have proposed some state-of-the-art methods to detect clones. The code clones have showing some relationship with the evolution of software. In order to explore relationships between clones and their evolution,we propose a framework to cluster clones with a Fuzzy C-means clustering method.Firstly,we detect all the clones using Ni Cad,and build the clone genealogies for multiple versions software.Secondly,we extract some metrics to describe the clones and their evolution. Finally,we cluster all clone's vectors,which are generated with the different metrics for different proposes. Experimental results on six open source software packages have shown the relationships among the clone life,the number of change times,the clone pattern and et al. can help developers to understand clones.

An Empirical Study on Targeted Poverty Alleviation of Chixi Village and Xiadang Village in Ningde City of Fujian Province

Chixi Village and Xiadang Village in Ningde City of Fujian Province were once famous poverty-stricken villages. Both of the villages are poor villages that General Secretary Xi Jinping has been paying attention to. The two villages have helped the poor get rid of poverty by infrastructure construction, ecological migration, and industrial development according to local conditions. However, the two villages have succeeded in the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation according to their own resource characteristics. The study shows that the poverty alleviation processes, poverty alleviation achievements and established future development trend of these two poor villages basically correspond to the trend of poverty alleviation policy in China in the past 30 years, reflect the process of “targeted poverty alleviation” work carried out in China’s rural areas to a certain extent, and has reference significance and theoretical significance for targeted poverty alleviation cases.

Empirical Study on Growth of Evil Forces in Land Requisition and Relocation in City G of Hubei Province Based on Social Network Analysis

Using social network analysis method,this paper made an empirical study on growth of evil forces in land requisition and relocation in City G of Hubei Province. It obtained following results:(i) lawless developers and inefficient public security organs form interested parties of evil forces. Besides,the inward closeness centrality of evil forces is high,manifesting that evil forces independently possess decentralized power of network and have unscrupulous behavior in land requisition and relocation to a certain extent.(ii) Activities of evil forces have complicated spatial correlation and their geographical distribution is uneven,taking on irregular characteristics. In the field of land requisition and relocation,some evil forces are expandi Xng and spreading,while other forces are relatively weak. In conclusion,growth of evil forces comes from premeditation and collaboration of lawless developers,lack of functions and weak attack of public security organs; growth of evil forces has periodic changes,when in power,they will take opportunity to expand,while losing power,they will hide or even disappear.

Empirical Study on the Relationship between Income and Consumption of Rural Residents in Hebei Province

Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying the co-integration theory and Granger causality test.The result shows that there is long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the net Income per capita and consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007;the result of Granger causality test shows that the actual Income of rural residents in Hebei Province has significant impact on the actual consumption,but the impact is weakened gradually;in short term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is not so significant,but the impact will become significant gradually as time goes on.During the process of the mutual impact and function of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province,the impact of the actual income of rural residents on the actual consumption is mainly represented in short term;in middle term,the interactions between the actual Income and actual consumption are significant;in long term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is mainly displayed.According to the result,in short term the government in Hebei Province can expand consumption through increasing the income of rural residents,while in long term the government can drive the economic growth by expanding domestic demands.

Dynamic capabilities-based strategy innovation： a theoretical framework and empirical studies in Chinese firms

Based on investigations of 112 Chinese firms and studies on foreign leading corporations, a theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities based strategy innovation (SI) is put forward. Several large firms in China winning through SI were studied empirically. This paper complements previous publications on the theories of innovation and strategy. This work's findings will be useful for managers interested in our approach, which highlights the importance of SI and focuses on and points out the major pitfalls in the innovation processes. Implementing the dynamic capabilities based strategy innovation can effectively cultivate and develop core competences of corporations. It is concluded that implementing SI is the only path for Chinese enterprise growth in the intensified competition in the knowledge economy.

Empirical study on the antecedents of multinational enterprises’ oversea subsidiaries staffing

Based on probing into the literature on multinational enterprise (MNE) staffing, we set up a concept model for MNEs’ subsidiary staffing by two groups of influencing factors: the national differences bwteen the parent country and the host country, and the strategies employed by MNEs. We also tested the model and proposed propositions by a sample evaluation method, specifically with 1 000 copies of questionnaires given out to managers or directors of MNEs’ subsidiaries in China Mainland and resulting in 151 sets of valid answers. The empirical study supports that national differences between the parent country and the host country and the strategies employed by MNEs do have impact on the subsidiary staffing, and MNE headquarters should make different staffing plans according to the difference of nations and strategies. We welcome testing our model by peer researchers in other country.

An Empirical Study of Host Social Media on the Intercultural Adaptation of Preparatory International Students in China: A Case Study of Shandong University

This thesis probes into the current situation of host social media usage and intercultural adaptation of preparatory international students in China. Study covered 208 preparatory international students in total was conducted, with subject observation, structured interview, and questionnaire, in Shandong University, which is considered as one of the most representative institutions providing high-level preparatory education for international students in China. Field data collected were analyzed descriptively in the form of frequencies, tables, and percentages. Taken all that have been analyzed in this thesis, findings strongly suggest that the main factors influencing international students’ intercultural adaptability include host social media usage, intercultural experience, mandarin level, and cultural distance. Results also indicate significant correlation between host social media usage and intercultural adaptation: students who frequently use host social media to chat with Chinese perform better at intercultural adaptation;those who are more dependent and satisfied with host social media are more adaptive as well, the same goes to students who use host social media more frequently to get information or socialize. Consequently, this study suggests necessary promotion of host social media for international students in China.

The Impact of Internal Financing on Productivity-An Empirical Study on Chinese Listed Manufacturing Firms

Using a panel of 1,747 Chinese manufacturing firms over the period of 2001 to 2016, we examine how internalfinancing affects labour productivity. Value-added revenue over total employees and total factor productivity areused as proxy for labour productivity. Different regressions models including OLS, FGLS, and GMM have beenimplemented to conduct the empirical analysis. The results show that internal financing has positive effect on firms＇productivity as a whole. What is more, whether the firms have state-owned property or not differentiates theexplanation of cash-flow boosted productivity improvement as well as equity-boosted productivity improvement.This paper further took firms＇ location and the effect financial crisis into consideration. It discovered that thedegree of regional development, which is measured by nominal GDP, has significant positive impact on labourproductivity, especially for state-owned enterprises （SOEs）. The 2008 financial crisis is found to have a positiveinfluence on after-crisis labour productivity. We believe this paper shed light on firms＇ after-crisis financingmanagement and government policies to improve the financing structure in the manufacturing sector.

An Empirical Study on Problems of English Phonetic Teaching in Primary Schools and Countermeasures Based on Constructivism Theory-A Case Study of

According to constructivism theory, students do not acquire knowledge in teachers’ teaching but rather in cooperation with others in certain social environments. The theory stresses the importance of learning initiatives and cooperation. Based on constructivism theory, this paper uses empirical research, literature reference, and questionnaire survey to explore the phonetic teaching process of primary school English, to analyze problems from teachers and pupils, thus putting forward corresponding countermeasures. In the study, 100 pupils are interviewed from Grade 5 and Grade 6 of Jietou Central Primary School in Taizhou City. It is found through the questionnaire and data analysis of the problems on English phonetic teaching ways and skills as well as the English phonetic teaching situation that pupils lack listening training and interest in English learning. By analyzing the problems, the paper uses constructivism theory to put forward proposals of improving teachers’ teaching situation and pupils’ English phonetic situation, with the purpose of helping teachers to improve themselves in English phonetic teaching and finally improving pupils’ level in their English learning.

An Empirical Study of Occupational Respect from Urban Residents and Its Structure——Based on a Survey in Hangzhou

This paper analyzes survey data collected in Hangzhou and quantifies the respect local residents have for various occupations. According to the research findings, such respect varies significantly from occupation to occupation, which is irrelevant to an occupation’s position in the occupational hierarchy. It exhibits both intergenerational differences and common grounds, and has a distinct structure of categories. This paper also pinpoints the inadequacies of this study and areas for further studies.

Empirical Study of ＂Double Threshold＂ Modified Model on New Product Diffusion

The innovations actually diffuse among social network nowadays.Individual heterogeneity,interactions between individuals and network topology influence a lot.We established a "double threshold" modified model and took the number of neighbors,neighbors' adoption and the cost-benefit parameters as crucial influencing factors.The diffusion of DaLingTong(CDMA450)products in MeiShan city of SiChuan province during 2004 to 2007 has been used to verity the model on Matlab.The validation results fit the actual diffusion pattern of DaLingTong(CDMA450) products very well.The results indicate that there exists a "tipping point(threshold)" in the process of innovation diffusion.If the initial adoption quantity is larger than the tipping point,then the product will spread to a large portion of people,otherwise is will collapse to zero.The model can effectively predict the diffusion of new products,and can influence the diffusion process by changing the value of the parameters.

An Empirical Study on Project Management Maturity in Human Resources

The assessment of the Project Management Maturity （PMM） level shows the company how good it is at managing projects. This measurement can be performed in different domains of expertise. In the article, the issue of PMM in the human resources （HR） area is examined. The discussion is based on a world-wide empirical research project conducted in more than 400 companies. The study was mostly focused on the machinery industry as there is a dearth of research on project management topics in this branch of the economy. Therefore, by investigating the PMM level in the HR area, a picture of the state of project management in the machinery industry will be created. For the purposes of comparison, a study was conducted on the construction （CONS） and information technology （IT） industries which, in contradistinction, are very well recognized in the scientific literature related to project management issues. This approach will help to better contextualize and understand the results from the machinery industry. The PMM level measurement was done using the author＇s model which assesses maturity on a scale of one to five, where one is the lowest and five, the highest level of maturity. The results of the study revealed that there were differences among the industries in PMM levels and between Polish and foreign companies.

Opportunities in crisis:An empirical study on staff improvisation and enterprise innovative performance

The study develops a theoretical model to account for the effect of staff improvisation on innovation performance by theoretical analysis and literature review.Staff improvisation was defined that staff utilize immediately available resource to produce creative results,in non-routine or unexpected ways,in the case of emergency and under time pressure.Results from a sample of 213 Chinese staff support the study hypothesis,and show that staff improvisation positively affected their creative performance.Furthermore,the three sub-dimensions of improvisation,including spontaneity behavior,creativity intention and utilizing available resource,could significantly promoted firm innovation performance.The results of this research offer guidance to managers about encouraging staff improvisation.Moreover,the present paper provides directions for future research on improvisation and innovation performance.Future research is encouraged to investigate mediating and moderating factors between organization improvisation and creative performance.