A compound objective reconfiguration of distribution networks using hierarchical encoded particle swarm optimization

With the development of automation in smart grids,network reconfiguration is becoming a feasible approach for improving the operation of distribution systems.A novel reconfiguration strategy was presented to get the optimal configuration of improving economy of the system,and then identifying the important nodes.In this strategy,the objectives increase the node importance degree and decrease the active power loss subjected to operational constraints.A compound objective function with weight coefficients is formulated to balance the conflict of the objectives.Then a novel quantum particle swarm optimization based on loop switches hierarchical encoded was employed to address the compound objective reconfiguration problem.Its main contribution is the presentation of the hierarchical encoded scheme which is used to generate the population swarm particles of representing only radial connected solutions.Because the candidate solutions are feasible,the search efficiency would improve dramatically during the optimization process without tedious topology verification.To validate the proposed strategy,simulations are carried out on the test systems.The results are compared with other techniques in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor of histone 3 lysine 79 in MEFs

Introduction Post-translational modifications of core histones have emerged as a critical player in dynamical regulation of gene expression and accurate chromatin structures[1-2].In recent years it has been demonstrated that,histone lysine methylation is particularly prominent as one of the most important epigenetic modifications during cell cycles,development and differentiation,and in response to external stimuli,e.g.exogenous growth factors and mechanical stimulation.This epigenetic modification may also be an early event that regulates the gene expression dur-

Antitumor effects of cytokine gene-encoded vaccinia virus on murine melanoma

Recombinant vaccinia virus has many advantagesover more restricted vectors like retrovirus andadenovirus. The proven safety of vaccinia virus, which isrestricted to local and transitory infection, favors clinicalapplication of vaccinia virus to deliver cytokines locally.

Automatic UAV Positioning with Encoded Sign as Cooperative Target

In order to achieve the goal that unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)automatically positioning during power inspection,a visual positioning method which utilizes encoded sign as cooperative target is proposed.Firstly,we discuss how to design the encoded sign and propose a robust decoding algorithm based on contour.Secondly,the Adaboost algorithm is used to train a classifier which can detect the encoded sign from image.Lastly,the position of UAV can be calculated by using the projective relation between the object points and their corresponding image points.Experiment includes two parts.First,simulated video data is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method,and the results show that the average absolute error in each direction is below 0.02 m.Second,a video,acquired from an actual UAV flight,is used to calculate the position of UAV.The results show that the calculated trajectory is consistent with the actual flight path.The method runs at a speed of 0.153 sper frame.

EFFECTS OF A SYNTHETIC POLYPEPTIDE ENCODED BY THE p14-6,A cDNA CLONE WITH ANTIONCOGENE ACTIVITY, ON MALIGNANT TRANSFORMED DT CELLS

A synthetic polypeptide, pt27, which is encoded by a cDNA clone with antloncogene activity, p14-6, is found to be able to reduce remarkably the soft agar colony formation ability of part of DT cells and to raise their resistance to the ouabaln toxtcity. This shows that the pt27 peptide can affect the DT cells In a manner similar to the p14- 6 done and provides evidence that the reverting action of the p14-6 to DT cells may be exerted by the expression of its cDNA.

Upconversion Nanoparticles-Encoded Hydrogel Microbeads-Based Multiplexed Protein Detection

Fluorescently encoded microbeads are in demand for multiplexed applications in different fields.Compared to organic dye-based commercially available Luminex's x MAP technology, upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) are better alternatives due to their large antiStokes shift, photostability, nil background, and single wavelength excitation. Here, we developed a new multiplexed detection system using UCNPs for encoding poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate(PEGDA) microbeads as well as for labeling reporter antibody. However, to prepare UCNPs-encoded microbeads, currently used swellingbased encapsulation leads to non-uniformity, which is undesirable for fluorescence-based multiplexing. Hence,we utilized droplet microfluidics to obtain encoded microbeads of uniform size, shape, and UCNPs distribution inside. Additionally, PEGDA microbeads lack functionality for probe antibodies conjugation on their surface.Methods to functionalize the surface of PEGDA microbeads(acrylic acid incorporation, polydopamine coating)reported thus far quench the fluorescence of UCNPs. Here,PEGDA microbeads surface was coated with silica followed by carboxyl modification without compromising the fluorescence intensity of UCNPs. In this study, droplet microfluidics-assisted UCNPs-encoded microbeads of uniform shape, size, and fluorescence were prepared.Multiple color codes were generated by mixing UCNPs emitting red and green colors at different ratios prior to encapsulation. UCNPs emitting blue color were used to label the reporter antibody. Probe antibodies were covalently immobilized on red UCNPs-encoded microbeads for specific capture of human serum albumin(HSA) as a model protein. The system was also demonstrated for multiplexed detection of both human C-reactive protein(hCRP) and HSA protein by immobilizing anti-h CRP antibodies on green UCNPs.

Flexible reduced field of view magnetic resonance imaging based on single-shot spatiotemporally encoded technique

In many ultrafast imaging applications, the reduced field-of-view（r FOV） technique is often used to enhance the spatial resolution and field inhomogeneity immunity of the images. The stationary-phase characteristic of the spatiotemporallyencoded（SPEN） method offers an inherent applicability to r FOV imaging. In this study, a flexible r FOV imaging method is presented and the superiority of the SPEN approach in r FOV imaging is demonstrated. The proposed method is validated with phantom and in vivo rat experiments, including cardiac imaging and contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging. For comparison, the echo planar imaging（EPI） experiments with orthogonal RF excitation are also performed. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratios of the images acquired by the proposed method can be higher than those obtained with the r FOV EPI. Moreover, the proposed method shows better performance in the cardiac imaging and perfusion imaging of rat kidney, and it can scan one or more regions of interest（ROIs） with high spatial resolution in a single shot. It might be a favorable solution to ultrafast imaging applications in cases with severe susceptibility heterogeneities, such as cardiac imaging and perfusion imaging. Furthermore, it might be promising in applications with separate ROIs, such as mammary and limb imaging.

Bus Encoded LUT Multiplier for Portable Biomedical Therapeutic Devices

DSP operation in a Biomedical related therapeutic hardware need to beperformed with high accuracy and with high speed. Portable DSP hardware’s likepulse/heart beat detectors must perform with reduced operational power due to lack ofconventional power sources. This work proposes a hybrid biomedical hardware chip inwhich the speed and power utilization factors are greatly improved. Multipliers are thecore operational unit of any DSP SoC. This work proposes a LUT based unsignedmultiplication which is proven to be efficient in terms of high operating speed. For n bitinput multiplication n*n memory array of 2 n bit size is required to memorize all thepossible input and output combination. Various literature works claims to be achieve highspeed multiplication with reduced LUT size by integrating a barrel shifter mechanism.This paper work address this problem, by reworking the multiplier architecture with aparallel operating pre-processing unit which used to change the multiplier and multiplicandorder with respect to the number of computational addition and subtraction stages required.Along with LUT multiplier a low power bus encoding scheme is integrated to limit the powerconstraint of the on chip DSP unit. This paper address both the speed and power optimizationtechniques and tested with various FPGA device families.

Quantum-Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Encoded by Probability Amplitudes of Multi-Qubits

To enhance the optimization ability of particle swarm algorithm, a novel quantum-inspired particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. In this method, the particles are encoded by the probability amplitudes of the basic states of the multi-qubits system. The rotation angles of multi-qubits are determined based on the local optimum particle and the global optimal particle, and the multi-qubits rotation gates are employed to update the particles. At each of iteration, updating any qubit can lead to updating all probability amplitudes of the corresponding particle. The experimental results of some benchmark functions optimization show that, although its single step iteration consumes long time, the optimization ability of the proposed method is significantly higher than other similar algorithms.

Development and Application of a Mitochondrial Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicator in Narcosis

Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)plays a crucial role in the function of cells and organelles,involving various cellular physiological processes,including energy production,formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),unfolded protein stress,and cell survival.Currently,there is a lack of genetically encoded fluorescence indicators(GEVIs)for MMP.In our screening of various GEVIs for their potential monitoring MMP,the Accelerated Sensor of Action Potentials(ASAP)demonstrated optimal performance in targeting mitochondria and sensitivity to depolarization in multiple cell types.However,mitochondrial ASAPs also displayed sensitivity to ROS in cardiomyocytes.Therefore,two ASAP mutants resistant to ROS were generated.A double mutant ASAP3-ST exhibited the highest voltage sensitivity but weaker fluorescence.Overall,four GEVIs capable of targeting mitochondria were obtained and named mitochondrial potential indicators 1-4(MPI-1-4).In vivo,fiber photometry experiments utilizing MPI-2 revealed a mitochondrial depolarization during isoflurane-induced narcosis in the M2 cortex.

A globally shared resource paradigm for encoded storage systems in the public cloud

Public clouds favor sharing of storage resources,in which many tenants acquire bandwidth and storage capacity from a shared storage pool.To provide high availability,data are often encoded to provide fault tolerance with low storage costs.Regarding this,efficiently organizing an encoded storage system for shared I/Os is critical for application performance.This is usually hard to achieve as different applications have different stripe configurations and fault tolerance levels.In this paper,we first study the block trace from the Alibaba cloud,and find that I/O patterns of modern applications prefer the resource sharing scheme.Based on this,we propose a globally shared resource paradigm for encoded storage system in the public cloud.The globally shared resource paradigm can provide balanced load and fault tolerance for numerous disk pool sizes and arbitrary application stripe configurations.Furthermore,we demonstrate with two case studies that our theory can help address the device-specific problems of HDD and SSD RAID arrays with slight modifications:comparing the existing resource partition and resource sharing methods,our theory can promote the rebuild speed of the HDD RAID arrays by 2.5,and reduce the P99 tail latency of the SSD arrays by up to two orders of magnitude.

Spatiotemporal Imaging of Cellular Energy Metabolism with Genetically-Encoded Fluorescent Sensors in Brain

The brain has very high energy requirements and consumes 20% of the oxygen and 25% of the glucose in the human body. Therefore, the molecular mechanism under- lying how the brain metabolizes substances to support neural activity is a fundamental issue for neuroscience studies. A well-known model in the brain, the astrocyte- neuron lactate shuttle, postulates that glucose uptake and glycolytic activity are enhanced in astrocytes upon neu- ronal activation and that astrocytes transport lactate into neurons to fulfill their energy requirements. Current evidence for this hypothesis has yet to reach a clear consensus, and new concepts beyond the shuttle hypothesis are emerging. The discrepancy is largely attributed to the lack of a critical method for real-time monitoring of metabolic dynamics at cellular resolution. Recent advances in fluorescent protein-based sensors allow the generation of a sensitive, specific, real-time readout of subcellular metabolites and fill the current technological gap. Here,we summarize the development of genetically encoded metabolite sensors and their applications in assessing cell metabolism in living cells and in vivo, and we believe that these tools will help to address the issue of elucidating neural energy metabolism.

A novel method of encoded multiplexing readout for micro-pattern gas detectors

The requirement of a large number of electronic channels poses a big challenge to the further applications of Micro-pattern Gas Detectors （MPGDs）. By using the redundancy that at least two neighboring strips record the signal of a particle, a novel method of encoded multiplexing readout for MPGDs is presented in this paper. The method offers a feasible and easily-extensible way of encoding and decoding, and can significantly reduce the number of readout channels. A verification test was carried out on a 5 cm×5 cm Thick Gas Electron Multiplier （THGEM） detector using a 8 keV Cu X-ray source with 100um slit, where 166 strips were read out by 21 encoded readout channels. The test results show good linearity in its position response, and the spatial resolution root-mean-square （RMS） of the test system is about 260um. This method has potential to build large area detectors and can be easily adapted to other detectors similar to MPGDs.

Establishment of Novel Monoclonal Fabs Specific for Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1

Dear Editor,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV,also termed human herpesvirus-4)was the first identified human tumor virus.Since its discovery in 1964,studies have shown that EBV infects over 90%of all people by the time they are adults(Williams and Crawford 2006).EBV infection can result in mucocutaneous and systemic diseases,ranging from selflimited illnesses to aggressive malignancies,including B cell Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.In vitro,EBV transforms resting B cells into proliferating blast cells(Pope et al.1968).

Unleashing chemical power from protein sequence space toward genetically encoded “click” chemistry

Synthesis of macromolecular systems with precise structural and functional control constitutes a fundamental challenge for materials science and engineering. Development of the ability to construct complex bio-macromolecular architectures provides a solution to this challenge. The past few years have witnessed the emergence of a new category of peptide-protein chemistry which can covalently stitch together protein]peptide molecules with high specificity under mild physiological conditions. It has thus inspired the concept of genetically encoded click chemistry （GECC）. As a prototype of GECC, SpyTag/ SpyCatcher chemistry has enabled the precise synthesis ofmacromolecules both in vitro and in vivo, exerting precise control over the fundamental properties of these macromolecules including length, sequence, stereochemistry and topology and leading to the creation of diverse biomaterials for a variety of applications. We thus anticipate a potential toolbox of GECC comprising multiple mutually orthogonal, covalent-bond forming peptide-protein reactive pairs with diverse features, which shall bridge synthetic biology and materials science and open up enormous opportunities for biomaterialsin the future.

SERS-encoded nanocomposites for dual pathogen bioassay

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)has been successfully applied to detect various biomolecules,but it is still in challenge to assay living cells or bacteria sensitively,selectively and quantitatively in complex environments.In this paper,4-ATP and DTNB are assembled on Ag nanoparticle(NP)-decorated poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid)(PSA)nanospheres and then sealed by silica shells to form sensitive SERS labels based on the localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs and large light scattering cross-sections of PSA nanospheres.They are further developed as encoding tags for dual detection of S.aureus and E.coli after assembling corresponding aptamers,which demonstrate ultralow detection limits of 8 cell L-1 for S.aureus and 2 cell L-1 for E.coli.Such a bioassay indicates a point-of-care strategy of ultrasensitively biomedical detections by encoding specific SERS tags.

Progress of Optically Encoded Microspheres for Multiplexed Assays

New initiatives put forward by clinical diagnosis require the development of technologies for high throughput screening(HTS) of multiple analytes. Suspension arrays have great advantages over the planar arraybased multiplexing assays, and the encoded bead is the key for providing multiplexing capability. Among various encoding strategies, optically encoded microspheres have been widely used while the number of codes is still limited. This review discusses the progress of optical encoding strategy from mainly three aspects, namely organic dyes, quantum dots(QDs) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) active substrates. Emphases are put up on describing how these optical encoded microbeads are manufactured and the merits and demerits of different encoding materials are compared.

Monitoring NAD(H) and NADP(H) dynamics during organismal development with genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors

Cell metabolism plays vital roles in organismal development,but it has been much less studied than transcriptional and epigenetic control of developmental programs.The difficulty might be largely attributed to the lack of in situ metabolite assays.Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for noninvasive metabolic monitoring in living cells and in vivo by highly spatiotemporal visualization.Among all living organisms,the NAD(H)and NADP(H)pools are essential for maintaining redox homeostasis and for modulating cellular metabolism.Here,we introduce NAD(H)and NADP(H)biosensors,present example assays in developing organisms,and describe promising prospects for how sensors contribute to developmental biology research.

Security enhancement for double-random phase encryption using orthogonally encoded image and electronically synthesized key data

We prot）ose a security-enhanced double-random phase encryption （DRPE） scheme using orthogonally encoded image and electronically synthesized key data to cope with the security problem of DRPE technique caused by fixed double-random phase masks for eneryption. In the proposed scheme, we adopt the electronically synthesized key to frequently update the phase mask using a spatial light modulator, and also employ the orthogonal encoding technique to encode the image and electronically synthesized key data, which can enhance the security of both data. We provide detailed procedures for eneryption and decryption of the proposed scheme, and provide the simulation results to show the eneryption effects of the proposed scheme.

Encoded Message

Unless you've been living on another planet, you'll know that Dan Brown's controversial bestseller, The Da Vinci Code, has been translated to the big screen and taken the debate about the alleged lineage of Jesus to another level. After steaming into mega flack in Christiandominated Western countries, the movie handlers must have thought