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Synthesis of Polycaprolactone with Two Carboxyl End Groups 被引量:2
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作者 Qijin ZHANG Wenying XU and Zhiyong WANG (Dept. of Mater. Sci. & Eng., University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China)(To whom correspondence should be addressed)(Dept. of Modern Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of Ch 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1994年第5期351-354,共4页
At 225℃. caprolactone has been polymerized in the presence of succinic acid under dry nitrogen atmosphere. Characterizations of the polymer through IR and molecular weight measurements by 1H-NMR and end group titrati... At 225℃. caprolactone has been polymerized in the presence of succinic acid under dry nitrogen atmosphere. Characterizations of the polymer through IR and molecular weight measurements by 1H-NMR and end group titration have shown that the polycaprolactone obtained is of two carboxyl end groups. The molecular weight of it increases with decreasing of the acid content in the reaction mixture under the same polymerization conditions. With a certain ratio of acid to caprolactone. the maximum of molecular weight of the polymer will be reached at the reaction time of 3h. 展开更多
关键词 Synthesis of Polycaprolactone with Two Carboxyl end groups
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Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of fluorinated Schiff's base liquid crystals containing vinyl end groups 被引量:1
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作者 Qiang Wei Siquan Zhu +4 位作者 Lin Shi Lipei Zhang Xiaotao Yuan Hui Cao Huai Yang 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2007年第4期373-377,共5页
Three kinds of fluorinated Schiff's base esters, 4-allyloxy-2-X-6-X-benzoic acid 4-[(2, 3, 4-trifluorophenylimino)methyl]phenyl ester, where X=H or F, were synthesized and characterized. Their chemical structures w... Three kinds of fluorinated Schiff's base esters, 4-allyloxy-2-X-6-X-benzoic acid 4-[(2, 3, 4-trifluorophenylimino)methyl]phenyl ester, where X=H or F, were synthesized and characterized. Their chemical structures were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance (^1H NMR). Their mesomorphic properties were studied by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that all the three compounds exhibited enantiotropic nematic phases only. And their cleating point temperature and thermal range of mesophase decreased with the number of fluorine atoms on the rigid core of the compounds; while their melting point temperature showed no distinct regularity. 展开更多
关键词 SYNTHESIS Schiff's base fluorinated liquid crystal vinyl end group
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Theoretical Design of High-spin Organic Molecules with —~*N—S— as a Spin-containing Fragment and Heterocycle as End Groups
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作者 WANG Li-min CHU De-qing +1 位作者 ZHANG Jing-ping WANG Rong-shun 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第5期631-634,共4页
Novel stable high-spin molecules possessing three different arranging fashions were designed with —^*N—S— as a spin-containing (SC) fragment, an aromatic group, such as benzene ( 1 ), pyridine (2), pyridazi... Novel stable high-spin molecules possessing three different arranging fashions were designed with —^*N—S— as a spin-containing (SC) fragment, an aromatic group, such as benzene ( 1 ), pyridine (2), pyridazine (3) , pyrimidine (4), pyrazine (5) or triazine (6) as end groups (EG), and phenyl as a ferromagnetic coupling (FC) unit. The effects of different EG on the spin multiplicities of the ground states and their stabilities were investigated by means of the AM1-CI approach. All the investigated molecules corresponded to the FC and possessed high-spin ground states. The spin on the two atoms of the SC fragment was not in agreement with the delocalization results in the specific stability of —^*N—S—. In those molecules, the stabilities of the triplet states decreased when the distance between the atoms of central SC fragments (—N—) increased. The stabilities of the triplet states of compounds 1a-n, 1b-n and 1c-n, with heterocycles as EG were higher than those of the triplet states of those compounds with phenyl as EG. Furthermore, the stahilities of the triplet states of the compounds with pyrimidine and triazine as EG were higher than those with pyridine, pyridazine or pyrasine as EG. 展开更多
关键词 HETEROCYCLE end group BIRADICAL HIGH-SPIN AM1-CI
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π-Extended End Groups Enable High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells with Near-Infrared Absorption 被引量:1
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作者 Linfeng Yu Haiqin Xiao +4 位作者 Yu Shi Xia Guo Xinxin Xia Xinhui Lu Maojie Zhang 《Chinese Journal of Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第23期3261-3267,共7页
Narrow-bandgap n-type polymers are essential for advancing the development of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).Herein,we developed a novel polymer acceptor PNT withπ-extended 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]nap... Narrow-bandgap n-type polymers are essential for advancing the development of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).Herein,we developed a novel polymer acceptor PNT withπ-extended 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-1-ylidene)malononitrile(CPNM)end groups.Compared to commonly used 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-1ylidene)malononitrile(IC)units,CPNM units have a further extended fused ring,providing the PNT polymer with extended absorption into the near-IR region(903 nm)and exhibiting a narrow optical bandgap(1.37 eV).Furthermore,PNT exhibits a high electron mobility(6.79×10^(−4) cm^(2)·V^(−1)·S^(−1))and a relatively high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy level of−3.80 eV.When blended with PBDB-T,all-PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.7%and a high short-circuit current density(JSC)of 24.4 mA·cm^(−2),mainly attributed to broad absorption(600—900 nm)and efficient charge separation and collection.Our study provides a promising polymer acceptor for all-PSCs and demonstrates thatπ-extended CPNM units are important to achieve high-performance for all-PSCs. 展开更多
关键词 Polymer acceptors π-Extended end groups High short-circuit current density Narrow-bandgap All-polymer solar cells
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The development of A-DA’D-A type nonfullerene acceptors containing non-halogenated end groups
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作者 Hongxing Liu Tingting Dai +4 位作者 Jialing Zhou Helin Wang Qing Guo Qiang Guo Erjun Zhou 《Nano Research》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第12期12949-12961,共13页
Compared with perovskite solar cells and silicon solar cells,the excessive voltage loss(Vloss)becomes a stubborn stone that seriously hinders the further improvement of organic photovoltaic(OPV).Thus,many researchers ... Compared with perovskite solar cells and silicon solar cells,the excessive voltage loss(Vloss)becomes a stubborn stone that seriously hinders the further improvement of organic photovoltaic(OPV).Thus,many researchers focus on finding an effective material system to achieve high-performance OPVs with low Vloss.In recent 5 years,acceptor-donor-acceptor’-donor-acceptor(A-DA’D-A)type non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have attracted great attention because of their promising photovoltaic performance.Among them,A-DA’D-A type NFAs containing non-halogenated end group(NHEG)exhibit the large potential to achieve high open-circuit voltage(VOC)for the state-of-the-art OPVs,because of high-lying molecular energy levels and decreasing Vloss.In this review,we systematically summarize the recent development of A-DA’D-A type NHEG-NFAs and the impact of different NHEGs on the optoelectronic properties as well as the photovoltaic performance.In addition,we especially analyze the Vloss of NHEG-NFAs in the binary and ternary OPV devices.At last,we provide perspectives on the further molecular design and future challenges for this kind of materials as well as suggested solutions. 展开更多
关键词 non-halogenated end group high voltage non-fullerene acceptor organic photovoltaic energy loss
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End-group modulation of phenazine based non-fullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage
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作者 Yahui Zhang Yafeng Li +7 位作者 Ruixiang Peng Yi Qiu Jingyu Shi Zhenyu Chen Jinfeng Ge Cuifen Zhang Zheng Tang Ziyi Ge 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期461-468,I0011,共9页
Phenazine-based non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have demonstrated great potential in improving the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Halogenation is known to be an effective strategy for increa... Phenazine-based non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)have demonstrated great potential in improving the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Halogenation is known to be an effective strategy for increasing optical absorption,refining energy levels,and improving molecular packing in organic semiconductors.Herein,a series of NFAs(Pz IC-4H,Pz IC-4F,Pz IC-4Cl,Pz IC-2Br)with phenazine as the central core and with/without halogen-substituted(dicyanomethylidene)-indan-1-one(IC)as the electron-accepting end group were synthesized,and the effect of end group matched phenazine central unit on the photovoltaic performance was systematically studied.Synergetic photophysical and morphological analyses revealed that the PM6:Pz IC-4F blend involves efficient exciton dissociation,higher charge collection and transfer rates,better crystallinity,and optimal phase separation.Therefore,OSCs based on PM6:Pz IC-4F as the active layer exhibited a PCE of 16.48%with an open circuit voltage(Voc)and energy loss of 0.880 V and 0.53 e V,respectively.Accordingly,this work demonstrated a promising approach by designing phenazine-based NFAs for achieving high-performance OSCs. 展开更多
关键词 Organic solar cells Non-fullerene acceptor PHENAZINE Central core end group
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Molecular packing tuning via chlorinated end group enables efficient binary organic solar cells over 18.5%
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作者 Yafeng Li Zhenyu Chen +1 位作者 Xingzheng Yan Ziyi Ge 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期196-203,共8页
Designing novel nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)is of vital importance for the development of organic solar cells(OSC).Modification on the side chain and end group are two powerful tools to construct efficient NFAs.Here,b... Designing novel nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)is of vital importance for the development of organic solar cells(OSC).Modification on the side chain and end group are two powerful tools to construct efficient NFAs.Here,based on the high-performance L8BO,we selected 3-ethylheptyl to substitute the inner chain of 2-ethylhexyl,obtaining the backbone of BON3.Then we introduced different halogen atoms of fluorine and chlorine on 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1Hinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile end group(EG)to construct efficient NFAs named BON3-F and BON3-Cl,respectively.Polymer donor D18 was chosen to combine with two novel NFAs to construct OSC devices.Impressively,D18:BON3-Cl-based device shows a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.57%,with a high open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 0.907 V and an excellent fill factor(FF)of 80.44%,which is one of the highest binary PCE of devices based on D18 as the donor.However,BON3-F-based device shows a relatively lower PCE of 17.79%with a decreased FF of 79.05%.The better photovoltaic performance is mainly attributed to the red-shifted absorption,higher electron and hole mobilities,reduced charge recombination,and enhanced molecular packing in the D18:BON3-Cl films.Also,we performed stability tests on two binary systems;the D18:BON3-Cl and D18:BON3-F devices maintain 88.1%and 85.5%of their initial efficiencies after 169 h of storage at 85°C in an N2-filled glove box,respectively.Our work demonstrates the importance of selecting halogen atoms on EG and provides an efficient binary system of D18:BON3-Cl for further improvement of PCE. 展开更多
关键词 binary organic solar cell chlorinated end group molecular packing
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Bilateral pericapsular end nerve blocks for steroid-induced avascular necrosis following COVID-19 infection requiring bilateral total hip replacement
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作者 Somita Christopher Sweety Dutta Thota Venkata Sanjeev Gopal 《World Journal of Anesthesiology》 2024年第1期1-8,共8页
BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis(AVN)of the hip was one of the dreaded complications of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which emerged in patients who received steroid therapy.Corticosteroids have been... BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis(AVN)of the hip was one of the dreaded complications of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which emerged in patients who received steroid therapy.Corticosteroids have been a mainstay in the treatment protocol of COVID-19 patients.Popular corticosteroid drugs used in patients suffering from COVID-19 were intravenous(IV)or oral dexamethasone,methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone.The use of such high doses of corticost-eroids has shown very positive results and has been lifesaving in many cases.Still,long-term consequences were drug-induced diabetes,osteoporosis,Cushing syndrome,muscle wasting,peripheral fat mobilization,AVN,hirsutism,sleep disturbances and poor wound healing.A significant number of young patients were admitted for bilateral total hip replacements(THR)secondary to AVN following steroid use for COVID-19 treatment.AIM To assess the efficacy of bilateral pericapsular end nerve group(PENG)blocks in patients posted for bilateral THR post-steroid therapy after COVID-19 infection and assess the time taken to first ambulate after surgery.METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted between January 2023 and August 2023 at Care Hospitals,Hyderabad,India.Twenty young patients 30-35 years of age who underwent bilateral THR were studied after due consent over 8 months.All the patients received spinal anaesthesia for surgery and bilateral PENG blocks for postoperative analgesia.RESULTS The duration of surgery was 2.5 h on average.Seventeen out of twenty patients(85%)had a Visual Analog Score(VAS)of less than 2 and did not require any supplementation.One patient was removed from the study,as he required re-exploration.The remaining two patients had a VAS of more than 8 and received IV morphine post-operatively as a rescue analgesic drug.Fifteen out of seventeen patients(88.2%)could be mobilized 12 h after the procedure.CONCLUSION Osteonecrosis or AVN of the hip was one of the dreaded complications of COVID-19,which surfaced in patients who received steroid therapy requiring surgical intervention.Bilateral PENG block is an effective technique to provide post-operative analgesia resulting in early mobilization and enhanced recovery after surgery. 展开更多
关键词 Avascular necrosis Pericapsular end nerve group block ANALGESIA Hip replacement COVID-19 STEROIDS
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Enhance the performance of polymer solar cells via extension of the flanking end groups of fused ring acceptors
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作者 Shiyu Feng Danyang Ma +6 位作者 Liangliang Wu Yahui Liu Cai'e Zhang Xinjun Xu Xuebo Chen Shouke Yan Zhishan Bo 《Science China Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第10期1320-1327,共8页
Two new fused ring electron acceptors(FREAs)IDT-IC-T and IDT-IC-B with thienyl or phenyl substituents at the terminal INCN unit are synthesized.Theoretical calculations indicate that the two acceptors dominantly favor... Two new fused ring electron acceptors(FREAs)IDT-IC-T and IDT-IC-B with thienyl or phenyl substituents at the terminal INCN unit are synthesized.Theoretical calculations indicate that the two acceptors dominantly favor an intermolecularπ-πstacking between the flanking terminal groups.The twist angle between the aryl substituent and INCN unit has a significant influence on theπ-πstacking distance of terminal unit.IDT-IC-T with a smaller twist angle has a shorterπ-πstacking distance than that of IDT-IC-B with a larger twist angle.In addition,extending the conjugation also affects the blend film morphology.IDT-IC-T and IDT-IC-B based photoactive films show appropriate nanoscale phase separations;whereas,blend films based on the parent compound IDT-IC show large-size acceptor domains.As expected,PBDB-T:IDT-IC-T blend films show higher and more balanced electron and hole mobilities.Moreover,these two acceptors present a good charge-transport connectivity arising from the extended conjugation and the increased intermolecular overlapping.Ultimately,IDT-IC-T demonstrates the highest electron mobility(1.47×10^(-4)cm^2V^(-1)s^(-1))and the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 9.43%.As for IDT-IC,which only shows an electron mobility of 7.33×10^(-5)cm^2V^(-1)s^(-1)and a PCE of 5.82%.These findings provide a facile and effective way to improve the photovoltaic performance. 展开更多
关键词 non-fullerene extended end groups high charge mobility polymer solar cells
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Northern and Southern RE Groups Ended Resultlessly
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《China Rare Earth Information》 2005年第4期3-3,共1页
关键词 RE Northern and Southern RE groups ended Resultlessly
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Grid Side Distributed Energy Storage Cloud Group End Region Hierarchical Time-Sharing Configuration Algorithm Based onMulti-Scale and Multi Feature Convolution Neural Network
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作者 Wen Long Bin Zhu +3 位作者 Huaizheng Li Yan Zhu Zhiqiang Chen Gang Cheng 《Energy Engineering》 EI 2023年第5期1253-1269,共17页
There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capaci... There is instability in the distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side.In order to avoid large-scale fluctuating charging and discharging in the power grid environment and make the capacitor components showa continuous and stable charging and discharging state,a hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm of distributed energy storage cloud group end region on the power grid side based on multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is proposed.Firstly,a voltage stability analysis model based onmulti-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is constructed,and the multi-scale and multi feature convolution neural network is optimized based on Self-OrganizingMaps(SOM)algorithm to analyze the voltage stability of the cloud group end region of distributed energy storage on the grid side under the framework of credibility.According to the optimal scheduling objectives and network size,the distributed robust optimal configuration control model is solved under the framework of coordinated optimal scheduling at multiple time scales;Finally,the time series characteristics of regional power grid load and distributed generation are analyzed.According to the regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration model of“cloud”,“group”and“end”layer,the grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end regional hierarchical time-sharing configuration algorithm is realized.The experimental results show that after applying this algorithm,the best grid side distributed energy storage configuration scheme can be determined,and the stability of grid side distributed energy storage cloud group end region layered timesharing configuration can be improved. 展开更多
关键词 Multiscale and multi feature convolution neural network distributed energy storage at grid side cloud group end region layered time-sharing configuration algorithm
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Step‑by‑Step Modulation of Crystalline Features and Exciton Kinetics for 19.2%Efficiency Ortho‑Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells 被引量:1
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作者 Bosen Zou Weiwei Wu +10 位作者 Top Archie Dela Pena Ruijie Ma Yongmin Luo Yulong Hai Xiyun Xie Mingjie Li Zhenghui Luo Jiaying Wu Chuluo Yang Gang Li He Yan 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期258-272,共15页
With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices.... With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices.However,previous studies are heavily based in chloroform(CF)leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component.Herein,we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy,named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap,brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9,processed by CF and ortho-xylene(o-XY).With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments,the best PCE of 19.24%for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif,which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior.Likewise,over 19%PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition.This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance,hence,will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Organic solar cells Ternary design Solvent selection Flouro-methoxylated end group Morphological ordering
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Enhancing efficiency and stability of organic solar cells through a simplified four-step synthesis of fully non-fused ring electron acceptor
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作者 Chenyang Han Huanhuan Gao +7 位作者 Yanna Sun Yuanyuan Kan Zhaozhao Bi Wei Ma Yani Zhang Juan Antonio Zapien Yingguo Yang Ke Gao 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期601-608,I0015,共9页
Design and synthesis of superior cost-effective non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)are still big challenges for facilitating the commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs),yet to be realized.Herein,two medium bandgap fu... Design and synthesis of superior cost-effective non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)are still big challenges for facilitating the commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs),yet to be realized.Herein,two medium bandgap fully non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs,medium bandgap,i,e.,1,3-1,8 eV),namely PTR-2Cl and PTR-4Cl are synthesized with only four steps by using intramolecular noncovalent interaction central core,structured alkyl side chain orientation linking units and flanking with different electron-withdrawing end group.Among them,PTR-4C1 exhibits increased average electrostatic potential(ESP)difference with polymer donor,enhanced crystallinity and compactπ-πstacking compared with the control molecule PTR-2CI.As a result,the PTR-4Cl-based OSC achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 14.72%,with a much higher open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 0.953 V and significantly improved fill factor(FF)of 0.758,demonstrating one of the best acceptor material in the top-performing fully NFREA-based OSCs with both high PCE and V_(OC).Notably,PTR-4Cl-based cells maintain a good T_80lifetime of its initial PCE after over 936 h under a continuous thermal annealing treatment and over1300 h T_(80)lifetime without encapsulation.This work provides a cost-effective design strategy for NFREAs on obtaining high V_(OC),efficient exciton dissociation,and ordered molecular packing and thus high-efficiency and stable OSCs. 展开更多
关键词 Organic solar cells Fully non-fused ring acceptors end group engineering Morphology regulation High efficiency
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Molecular Reactivity and Interface Stability Modification in In-Situ Gel Electrolyte for High Performance Quasi-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries 被引量:2
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作者 Qiyu Wang Xiangqun Xu +4 位作者 Bo Hong Maohui Bai Jie Li Zhian Zhang Yanqing Lai 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期8-19,共12页
Quasi-solid-state lithium metal battery is a promising candidate for next generation high energy density and high safety power supply.Despite intensive efforts on electrolytes,uncontrolled interfacial reactions on lit... Quasi-solid-state lithium metal battery is a promising candidate for next generation high energy density and high safety power supply.Despite intensive efforts on electrolytes,uncontrolled interfacial reactions on lithium with electrolyte and patchy interfacial contacts still hinder its practical process.Herein,we bring in rationally designed F contained groups into polymer skeleton via in-situ gelation for the first time to establish quasi-solid-state battery.This method achieves a capacity retention of 90%after 1000 cycles at 0.5C with LiFePO_(4)cathodes.The interface constructed by polymer skeleton and reaction with–CF_(3)lead to the predicted solid electrolyte interface species with high stability.Furthermore,we optimize molecular reactivity and interface stability with regulating F contained end groups in the polymer.Comparisons on different structures reveal that high performance solid stable lithium metal batteries rely on chemical modification as well as stable polymer skeleton,which is more critical to construct robust and steady SEI with uniform lithium deposition.New approach with functional groups regulation proposes a more stable cycling process with a capacity retention of 94.2%at 0.5C and 87.6%at 1C after 1000 cycles with LiFePO_(4) cathodes,providing new insights for the practical development of quasi-solid-state lithium metal battery. 展开更多
关键词 F contained end groups in-situ gel electrolyte interface stability molecular reactivity quasi-solid-state lithium metal battery
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SURFACE RHEOLOGY OF POLYMERIC SOLIDS
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作者 Tisato Kajiyama Keiji Tanaka +1 位作者 Noriaki Satomi Atsushi Takahara 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2000年第3期239-248,共10页
Surface molecular motions of amorphous polymeric solids have been directly measured on the basis of scanningviscoelasticity microscopic(SVM)and lateral force microscopic(LFM)measurements.SVM and LFM measurements werec... Surface molecular motions of amorphous polymeric solids have been directly measured on the basis of scanningviscoelasticity microscopic(SVM)and lateral force microscopic(LFM)measurements.SVM and LFM measurements werecarried out for films of conventional monodisperse polystyrene(PS)with sec-butyl and proton-terminated end groups atroom temperature.In the case of the number-average molecular weight,M_(n),less than ca.4.0×10^(4),the surface was in a glass-rubber transition state even though the bulk glass transition temperature,T_(g)was far above room temperature,meaning thatthe surface molecular motion was fairly active compared with that in the bulk.LFM measurements of the,monodisperse PSfilms at various scanning rates and temperatures revealed that the time-temperature superposition was applicable to thesurface mechanical relaxation behavior and also that the surface glass transition temperature,T_(g)^(σ),was depressed incomparison with the bulk one even though the magnitude of M_n was fairly high at 1.40×10~5.The surface molecular motionof monodisperse PS with various chain end groups was investigated on the basis of temperature-dependent scanningviscoelasticity microscopy(TDSVM).The T_(g)^(σ)s for the PS films with M_n of 4.9×10^(6)to 1.45×10^(6)measured by TDSVMwere smaller than those for the bulk one,with corresponding M_ns,and the T_(g)^(σ)s for M_ns smaller than ca.4.0×10^(4)were lowerthan room temperature(293 K).The active thermal molecular motion at the polymeric solid surface can be interpreted interms of an excess free volume near the surface region induced by the surface localization of chain end groups.In the case ofM_n=ca.5.0×10^(4),the T_(g)^(σ)s for theα,ω-diamino-terminated PS(α,ω-PS(NH_2)_2)andα,ω-dicarboxy-terminated PS(α,ω-PS(COOH)_2)films were higher than that of the PS film.The change of T_(g)^(σ)for the PS film with various chain end groups canbe explained in terms of the depth distribution of chain end groups at the surface region depending on the relativehydrophobicity. 展开更多
关键词 Surface rheology Chain end groups Scanning force microscope
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Effect of montmorillonite on kinetics of polyurethane preparation reaction 被引量:5
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作者 You Cao Yu Jiang +3 位作者 Shu Lu Zhao Xiao Jun Cai Mei Long Hu Bing Liao 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第1期115-118,共4页
The prepolymerization and curing reaction kinetics of polyurethane/montmorillonite have been studied with end group analysis and FTIR respectively. It was found that the prepolymerization and curing reaction followed ... The prepolymerization and curing reaction kinetics of polyurethane/montmorillonite have been studied with end group analysis and FTIR respectively. It was found that the prepolymerization and curing reaction followed the 2nd-order kinetics. But the activation energy of prepolymerization increased from 42.7 kJ/mol to 56.5 kJ/rnol after the montmorillonite was added in the reaction system, and activation energy of curing reaction decreased from 64.4 kJ/mol to 17.5 kJ/mol. 2007 Bing Liao. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved. 展开更多
关键词 Reaction kinetics Reaction order Activation energy end group analysis FIIR
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STUDIES ON THE INITIATION MECHANISM OF ORGANIC PEROXIDE AND N-METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL-N-METHYL ANILINE IN METHYL METHACRYLATE POLYMERIZATION 被引量:1
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作者 丘坤元 郭大捷 +1 位作者 郭新秋 冯新德 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1990年第4期363-370,共8页
The initiation mechanism of methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization by organic peroxide and polymerizable aromatic tertiary amine such as N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-methyl aniline (MEMA) binary system has been studied.... The initiation mechanism of methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization by organic peroxide and polymerizable aromatic tertiary amine such as N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-methyl aniline (MEMA) binary system has been studied. The kinetics of polymerization of MMA and the ESR spectra of organic peroxide/MEMA system were determined. Based on the ESR study and the end-group analysis by UV spectra of the polymer formed, the initiation mechanism is proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Organic peroxide/N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-methyl aniline initiation system Redox initiator MMA polymerization ESR end group analysis.
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STUDIES ON ORGANIC PEROXIDE/N, NDI(2-α-METHYL-ACRYLOYLOXY PROPYL)-PARA-TOLUIDINE BINARY SYSTEMS
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作者 丘坤元 傅杰 +1 位作者 郭新秋 冯新德 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1990年第2期188-195,共8页
The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by organic peroxide and polymerizable aromatic tertiary amine such as N, N-di (2-α-methylacryloyloxy propyl)-p-toluidine (MP)_2PT binary system has been studi... The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by organic peroxide and polymerizable aromatic tertiary amine such as N, N-di (2-α-methylacryloyloxy propyl)-p-toluidine (MP)_2PT binary system has been studied. It was found that the (MP)_2PT promotes MMA polymerization, and the kinetics of MMA polymerization fits the radical polymerization rate equation. Based on the ESR studies and the end-group analysis the initiation mechanism is proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Organic peroxide N N-Di(2-α-methylacryloyloxy-propyl)-p-toluidine Redox initiation system MMA polymerization ESR end group analysis.
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STUDIES ON THE INITIATION MECHANISM OF CERIC ION AND ACETYLACETONE REDOX SYSTEM IN VINYL POLYMERIZATION
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作者 丘坤元 郭新秋 +1 位作者 张东 冯新德 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1991年第2期145-150,共6页
The initiation mechanism of acrylamide (AAM)polymerization using ceric ion/acetylacetone system as an initiator has been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy of ... The initiation mechanism of acrylamide (AAM)polymerization using ceric ion/acetylacetone system as an initiator has been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy of AAm polymerization. The structure of free radicals formed from above-mentioned initiation sytem were detected by radical trapping and ESR spectra techniques and the end groups of polymers obtained were determined by FT-IR spectra analysis method. Based on these results the initiation mechanism is proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Ceric ion and acetylacetone redox system Acrylamide polymerization Acrylonitrile polymerization ESR studies FT-IR spectra end group analysis
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VINYL RADICAL POLYMERIZATION INITIATED WITH CERIC ION AND N-(SUBSTITUTED PHENYL) ACETAMIDE SYSTEMS
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作者 丘坤元 鲁志华 +1 位作者 唐爱军 冯新德 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1992年第4期366-371,共6页
The polymerization of acrylamide (AAM)in H_2O/DMF or in H_2O/CH_3CN mixed solvent initiated with ceric ion (Ce^(4+) )/N-(substituted phenyl)-acetamide systems have been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed b... The polymerization of acrylamide (AAM)in H_2O/DMF or in H_2O/CH_3CN mixed solvent initiated with ceric ion (Ce^(4+) )/N-(substituted phenyl)-acetamide systems have been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy (E_α) of AAM polymerization using ceric ion/N-(substituted phenyl) acetamide system as an initiator. The end group of polymer formed was detected by IR spectrum analysis method, it revealed the presence of N-(m-acetoxy-methylphenyl) acetamide (m-AAe) moiety end group in the polymer obtained with ceric ion/m-AAe initiation system. 展开更多
关键词 Ceric ion and N-(substituted phenyl)acetamide initiation systems Acrylamide and acrylonitrile radical polymerization IR spectrum end group analysis
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