Synchronous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass graft: Four case reports

BACKGROUND One of the major perioperative complications for coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)is stroke.The risk of perioperative stroke after CABG is approximately 2%.Carotid stenosis(CS)is considered an independent predictor of perioperative stroke risk in CABG patients.The optimal management of such patients has been a source of controversy.One of the possible surgical options is synchronous carotid endarterectomy(CEA)and CABG.Here,we have presented 4 cases of successful synchronous CEA and CABG.Our center’s experience with 4 cases of significant carotid artery stenosis,which were successfully managed with combined CEA and CABG,are detailed.The first case was a female who presented for CABG after a ST-elevation myocardial infarction.She had right internal carotid artery(ICA)occlusion and 90%left ICA stenosis.The second case was a male who was electively admitted for CABG.It was discovered that he had left ICA occlusion and 90%right ICA stenosis.The third case was a male with a history of stroke,two months prior to admission.He presented with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Preoperatively,it was discovered that he had>90%right ICA stenosis.The final case was a male who was electively admitted for CABG.It was discovered that he had bilateral>90%ICA stenosis.We have also reviewed the current evidence and guidelines for managing CS in patients undergoing CABG.CONCLUSION Our case series demonstrated that synchronous CEA and CABG was safe.A multicenter study with additional patients is needed.It is necessary for clinicians to screen for CS in high-risk patients with features.

Early diagnostic value of carotid artery ultrasound parameters combined with epicardial adipose layer thickness in coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening and altered vascular elasticity.The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinflammatory factors that promote the formation of coronary atherosclerosis.Thus,the epicardial fat layer thickness(EAT)may also predict coronary heart disease.AIM To determine the role of common carotid artery ultrasound parameters and EAT in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.METHODS Based on coronary angiography,patients with newly suspected coronary heart disease were divided into case(n=107)and control(n=41)groups.The carotid ultrasound parameters,including vascular stiffness(β),elastic coefficient(EP),pulse wave conduction velocity(PWV-β),CIMT,and EAT were compared between the case and control groups and among patients with different lesion numbers in the case group.Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of EAT,common carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT for coronary heart disease.RESULTS EP,β,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT were significantly higher in the case group compared with the levels in the control group(all P<0.001).In the case group,lesions were detected in one vessel in 34 patients,two vessels in 38 patients,and three vessels in 35 patients.Within the case group,β,EP,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT levels significantly increased with an increased number of lesions(all P<0.001).EAT positively correlated withβ,EP,PWV-β,and CIMT(all P<0.01).The area under the curve for diagnosing coronary heart disease using EAT combined with CIMT and carotid elasticity was 0.893,and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.890 and 0.837.CONCLUSION EAT correlated well with changes in carotid artery elasticity and CIMT in patients with coronary heart disease.The combination of EAT,carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT facilitates the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

Off-pump Coronary Endarterectomy and Bypass Grafting in Patients With Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease

Objectives preliminary experience on endarterectomy and To summarize our off-pump coronary bypass grafting in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease. Methods Over a 3year period, 53 patients （41 male） with diffuse coronary artery disease underwent off-pump coronary endarterectomy and bypass grafting at our institution. Patients＇ age ranged from 55 to 79 years. Prior to surgery, 70% of patients were in CCS angina class 2 （n=5） or 3 （n=32）, and nearly half of them （26/53） had history of myocardial infarction. Most patients （n= 50） had triple vessel lesions, with left main stem involvement in 9. Their left ventricular ejection fraction ranged from 26% to 65% （mean 52%）. At the end of operation, a flow-meter was routinely applied to measure the perfusion flow of each postendarterectomy graft. Results In total, 70 endarterectomies were performed in 53 patients, including 38 in left anterior descending artery （LAD）, 8 in circumflex artery and 24 in right coronary artery. Four operations were emergency or urgent in nature. Five patients received on-lay venous patch after endarterectomy in LAD, followed by left internal mammary artery （LIMA） grafting on the patch. The graft conduits included 53 LIMAs and 2 radial arteries, and saphenous veins in others. Mean number of grafts per patient was 3.75. The overall index of complet-eness of revascularization reached 1.03±0.07. There was no death in this group of patients during their post-operative hospital stay （mean duration = 9 days）. Intra-operatively, 63 （90%） out of the 70 grafts after coronary endarterectomy showed satisfactory flow. Two patients had perioperative neither experienced signifi myocardial infarctions but cant hemodynamic deteriations. Conclusions Off-pump coronary endarterectomy with bypass grafting is technically feasible and can be coronary improve zation. performed safely in patients with diffuse artery disease. This strategy may help to the completeness of myocardial revasculariation.

Preliminary results of combined carotid endarterectomy and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases

Background Coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases are common and patients with them remain at a high risk for perioperative stroke or myocardial infarction after coronary bypass surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined carotid endarterectomy （CEA） and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG） in patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases. Methods Between January 2002 and December 2007, consecutive patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases underwent one-stage unilateral CEA and off-pump CABG in Heart Institute of Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. Perioperative complications were assessed and follow-up was carried out. Results A total of 51 cases of isolated off-pump CABG and unilateral CEA, including 34 right and 17 left, were performed. The mean blocked time of carotid artery in CEA was （25.5_±7.0） minutes. The mean number of distal grafts per patient was 3.30±0.45. The mean ventilation time, intensive care unit stay, and postoperative hospital stay was （11.3±5.4） hours, （2.1±0.9） days, and （12.5±6.1） days respectively. None of the patients had stroke or myocardial infarct. There was one perioperative death due to acute cardiac failure, resulting in an operative mortality of 1.96%. Follow-up was completed for 47 patients （92.16%） with a mean follow-up of （39.5±12.5） months. None of the patients manifested stroke, new angina or newly developed cardiac infarct. No late death occurred. Conclusion Combined CEA and off-pump CABG is a safe and effective procedure in selected patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery diseases.

Correlation of carotid plaque vulnerability with lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and protease activity in patients with coronary artery disease

Objective: To study the correlation of carotid plaque vulnerability with lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and protease activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with coronary heart disease combined with carotid atherosclerosis in People's Hospital of Dongxihu District Wuhan City between April 2015 and October 2017 were selected and divided into vulnerable group and stable group according to ultrasonic judgment of carotid plaque vulnerability;the healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The serum was collected to determine the contents of lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and protease activity indexes, and the peripheral blood was collected to determine the expression of inflammatory response indexes. Results: LDL-C, Lp(a), CXCL5, E-selectin, CatK and Meprin- levels in serum as well as ERK1/2, NF-κB and TNF-α expression in peripheral blood of stable group and vulnerable group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas ATGL, Omentin-1, Vaspin, PAI-1, TIMP1 and TIMP2 levels were significantly lower than those of control group;LDL-C, Lp(a), CXCL5, E-selectin, CatK and Meprin-levels in serum as well as ERK1/2, NF-κB and TNF-α expression in peripheral blood of vulnerable group were significantly higher than those of stable group whereas ATGL, Omentin-1, Vaspin, PAI-1, TIMP1 and TIMP2 levels were significantly lower than those of stable group. Conclusion: The changes of carotid plaque vulnerability in patients with coronary artery disease are closely related to the changes in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and protease activity in the course of disease.

Incidence &Risk Factors Associated with Carotid Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the true incidence and the risk factors associated with carotid disease in the sitting of high risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using carotid duplex scan and to find out if routine preoperative carotid duplex scan is needed among all these patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 402 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral carotid duplex scan admitted for CABG during the period from January 2006 to December 2008. We excluded patients in cardiogenic shock who were taken to operating room emergently. Results: The prevalence of associated risk factors showed diabetes mellitus recorded the highest (93.3%) whereas peripheral vascular disease the lowest (1.7%), hypertension (89.3%), dyslipidemia (72.6%), smoker (21.1%), left main disease (4.7%), and previous stroke (3%). Patients undergoing CABG has high incidence of carotid disease (68.7%) and severe stenosis is more in patients aged 60 and above (13.5%) versus (2.3%) in age 60, previous stroke and left main disease). Conclusion: This study showed that carotid screening is recommended for all patients who are undergoing CABG due to high incidence of carotid disease.

Early Results of Coronary Endarterectomy Combined with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Diffused Coronary Artery Disease

Background： It is still a challenge for the cardiac surgeons to achieve adequate revascularization for diffused coronary artery disease （CAD）. Coronary endarterectomy （CE） offers an alternative choice of coronary artery reconstruction and revascularization. In this study, short-term result of CE combined with coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） was discussed in the treatment for the diffused CAD. Methods： From January 2012 to April 2014, 221 cases of CABG were performed by the same surgeon in our unit. Among these cases, 38 cases of CE ＋ CABG were pertbrmed, which was about 17.2% （38/221） of the cohort. All these patients were divided into two groups： CE ＋ CABG group （Group A） and CABG alone group and postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality were Chi-square test and Student＇s t-test respectively. （Group B）. All clinical data were compared between the two groups, analyzed. The categorical and continuous variables were analyzed by Results： Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral vascular disease were more common in group A. In this cohort, a total of 50 vessels were endarterectomized. Among them, CE was perfbrmed on left anterior descending artery in 11 cases, on right coronary artery in 29 cases, on diagonal artery in 3 cases, on intermediate artery in 2 cases, on obtuse marginal artery in 5 cases. There was no hospital mortality in both groups. The intro-aortic balloon pump was required in 3 cases in Group A （3/38）, which was more often than that in Group B （3/183）. At the time of follow-up, coronary computed tomography angiogram showed all the grafts with CE were patent （50/50）. There is no cardio-related mortality in both groups. All these patients were free from coronary re-intervention. Conclusions： Coronary endarterectomy ＋ CABG can oilier satisfactory result for patients with diffused CAD in a short-term after the operation.

Coronary atherosclerosis burden is not advanced in patients with β-thalassemia despite premature extracardiac atherosclerosis： a coronary artery calcium score and carotid intima-media thickness study

BackgroundThalassemic 病人表明 extracardiac 的增加的率脉管的复杂并发症和增加的颈动脉墙 intima 媒介厚度(cIMT ) ，而是冠的动脉疾病(CAD ) 的很低的流行。我们由估计冠的动脉钙(CAC ) 调查了粉瘤负担，在这些 patients.MethodsWe 的 cIMT 与 &#x003b2 检查了 37 个病人； -thalassemia 和 150 健康控制与多察觉者计算机断层摄影术(CT ) 和 ultrasonography 自愿决定 CAC 分数和 cIMT， respectively.ResultsPropensity 分数匹配(C 统计数值：0.88；95% CI：0.83-0.93 ) 导致了 27 个病人；严重 CAC 在 2 被观察(7.4%) 并且 0 &#x003b2； -thalassemia 病人和健康志愿者分别地(P = 0.5 ) 。中部的钙分数是 0 (0-0 ) 在 &#x003b2； -thalassemia 病人并且 0 (0-4 ) 在健康志愿者(P = 0.8 ) 。中部的 intima 媒介厚度在 &#x003b2 是更高的；与控制相比的 -thalassemia 病人组织[0.45 (0.06-0.65 ) 对 0.062 (0.054-0.086 ) ；P = 0.04 ] 有 &#x003b2 的 .ConclusionsPatients；与健康控制比较的 -thalassemia 使展览遭到类似的 CAC 分数和增加的 cIMT。我们的调查结果显示动脉粥样硬化在之间的前进的迥异的率冠并且在把支持借给流行病学的证据的这些病人的 extracardiac 动脉。

Carotid artery stenting in patients with coexistent carotid and coronary artery disease

Atherosclerotic disease, as a systemic process, affects all arteries to varying degrees. In particular,coexistent carotlid aria coronary artery diseases are common; Management of such patients has been a point of continuing controversy. Current American Heart Association （AHA） guidelines recommend carotid endarterectomy （CEA） in symptomatic patients with carotid artery stenosis of 50%-99% and in asymptomatic patients with stenosis of 60%-99%. Carotid artery stenting （CAS） has become a reasonable alternative to CEA, particularly in patients at high risk for CEA. We sought to assess feasibility, safety and midterm outcome of carotid artery stenting in patients with coexisting symptomatic coronary disease and carotid artery stenosis.

Long Segmenter Reconstruction of Diffusely Diseased of the Left Anterior Descending Artery without Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

A 58-year-old male patient with LAD diffuse had hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Preoperative angiography showed that he had triple-vessel disease with diffusely diseased LAD. In echocardiography, EF was detected as 60 % (52 - 70) and PAP 25 (12 - 25) mmHg and 2 degrees of tricuspid insufficiency. In this case report, we will present our LAD endarterectomy case. Surgical technique: after standard general anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass procedure and moderate hypothermia, cold cardioplegic arrest. Longitudinal long LAD endarterectomy was performed (approximately 10 cm long). A dissector was used to develop on the plane between media and atheroma. Gentle traction was made to light off the atheroplaque with the coronary artery branches, distal and proximal part of the LAD. We assumed that the distal part of the LAD was free from plaque. Then we made the same procedure to the proximal part of the LAD. Luckily, we observed that proximal atheroplaque was also harvested. After completing the endarterectomy, antegrade cardioplegia was administrated to wash and any debris is LAD;also we tried the distal part of the LAD. Via retrograde cardioplegia administrated, we did also observe the bolus return of cardioplegia via retrograde way. After making the same coronary end arteriotomy was successful, we used saphenous vein as a patch for LAD reconstruction. We made only patch plasty like a carotid endarterectomy. Posto- perative follow-up period was 120 months. According to 8 years angiography result, LAD patch plasty was working relatively well. The patient did not have any complaints. We made coronary angiography 10 years after the operation and observed that our patch plasty was occluded but the patient has still class II symptoms with an EF value of 40%.

Ultrasound screening of multifocal atherosclerosis: markers for coronary heart disease

Background and Objective The frequency of multifocal atherosclerosis (MFA) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of our study was to perform ultrasound screening for MFA in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and make evaluation of the sensitivity and significance of different atherosclerosis markers. Methods Using Color Dupplex Ultrasound (CDU), we studied 32 clinically healthy persons and 87 patients of the city of B with clinical data for CHD where we also performed coronarography. Results In patients with coronary atherosclerosis we found high frequency of carotid atherosclerosis (93%) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) (81%). We established verifiable thickening of the intima-media (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and common femoral artery (CFA) in patients with CHD. There is a correlation between the frequency of carotid and femoral stenoses and CHD proven by coronarography. Patients with CHD had a high relative risk to develop carotid (RR = 5) and peripheral atherosclerosis (RR=3.5) and high frequency of asymptomatic stenoses and thromboses of the internal carotid artery (86.9%) and femoral artery (78.3%), as well as aneurisms of the abdominal aorta (8.1%). Markers for CAD with high sensitivity were the atherosclerotic plaques of ICA (0.93) and CFA (0.81) as well as IMT of the CFA (0.84). Conclusions MFA are common among patients with CHD. Ultrasound diagnosis is the method of choice for simultaneous non-invasive screening of carotid, peripheral and MFA and provides sensitive markers for coronary atherosclerosis. The most sensitive and specific markers for CHD are the combination of the IMT and atherosclerotic plaques of CCA, ICA and CFA (100% sensitivity and 0.92 specificity).

颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病同期外科治疗的疗效分析:单中心经验

目的总结同期颈动脉血运重建手术及冠状动脉血运重建手术治疗颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病患者的单中心临床经验。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2020年1月中日友好医院心脏血管外科收治的54例颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病患者资料,其中同期行颈动脉内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)+冠状动脉搭桥术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)38例,同期行颈动脉支架植入术(carotid artery stenting,CAS)+CABG 16例。结果手术成功率100%。围手术期内出现小卒中3例,短暂性脑缺血发作4例,术后短暂低血压8例,术后高灌注综合征3例,二次开胸3例,心肌梗死4例;无围手术期死亡病例。同期CEA+CABG组与同期CAS+CABG组的手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期输血量、神经系统并发症和循环系统并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。48例患者获得随访,随访时间29~140个月,平均(89.8±35.6)个月,因心肌梗死和心功能不全死亡患者各1例。结论同期CEA+CABG与同期CAS+CABG治疗颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病患者均安全有效。

颈动脉超声评估颈动脉硬化程度与MSCTA评估冠脉狭窄程度的相关性及联合预测价值

目的研究分析颈动脉超声评估颈动脉硬化程度与MSCTA评估冠脉狭窄程度的相关性与联合预测价值。方法选取我院心内科在2017年1月-2019年12月收治的确诊及疑似冠心病的300例患者,所有患者均进行多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)、颈动脉彩超和冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,以CAG检查为金标准,计算上述两种诊断方法对冠心病检出率、阳性率、敏感性、特异性、预测准确性等诊断学指标,并研究分析超声评估与MSCTA评估之间的相关性。结果超声与CAG检查结果一致性为Kappa=0.588,MSCTA与CAG检查结果一致性为Kappa=0.503(P<0.05);超声评估颈动脉硬化程度准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为80.33%、80.95%、79.28%、86.93%、70.97%;MSCTA评估冠脉狭窄程度的准确度为81.07%,其中轻度狭窄的准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为83.54%、83.72%、83.33%、85.04%、81.90%;中度狭窄的分别为84.36%、65.28%、92.40%、78.33%、86.34%;重度狭窄的分别为86.83%、78.57%、88.56%、58.93%、95.19%;颈动脉超声评估颈动脉硬化程度与MSCTA评估冠脉狭窄程度呈正相关性(r=0.852,P<0.05)。结论颈动脉超声评估与MSCTA评估在诊断冠心病冠脉硬化程度与狭窄程度时与CAG金标准有较好的一致性,有助于提高冠心病的诊断价值,且其具有无创、简单便捷、重复性高等优点,值得临床推广使用。

冠心病患者彩超下颈动脉弹性指标及心外膜脂肪层厚度与病情严重程度的关系分析

目的分析冠心病(CHD)患者彩超下颈动脉弹性指标、心外膜脂肪层厚度(EFT)与病情严重程度的关系。方法选取2019年1月至2022年2月赣州市中医院收治的120例CHD患者作为实验组,根据患者病情严重程度分为A组(轻度,n=30)、B组(中度,n=48)、C组(重度,n=42),另选取同期接受健康检查的50名健康者作为对照组。采用彩超检查患者颈动脉弹性指标、EFT并探讨两者与病情严重程度的关系。结果实验组内中膜厚度(IMT)、血管僵硬度(β)、弹性模量(Ep)均高于对照组,脉搏波传导速度(PWV-β)快于对照组,顺应性(AC)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组IMT、β、Ep均高于A组和B组,PWV-β快于A组和B组,AC低于A组和B组,且B组Ep高于A组,PWV-β快于A组,AC低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余组间两两比较差异无统计学意义。实验组EFT厚于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组EFT厚于B组、A组,B组厚于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,IMT、β、Ep、AC、EFT升高,PWV-β加快,AC降低是影响CHD患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论IMT、β、Ep、AC、EFT升高,PWV-β加快,AC降低是影响CHD患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素,颈动脉弹性指标、EFT可作为评估CHD患者疾病严重程度的重要指标,值得临床推广应用。

高血压合并冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸、C反应蛋白、总胆红素水平及与颈动脉损害程度、冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的 探讨高血压合并冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平及与颈动脉损害程度、冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年12月在南京市高淳人民医院治疗的冠心病合并高血压患者100例作为观察组,同时选取冠心病未合并高血压患者100例作为对照组,比较2组患者超声造影、血清Hcy、CRP、TBIL等差异,分析血清Hcy、CRP、TBIL与患者颈动脉损害程度、冠状动脉严重程度的关系。结果 观察组患者急性冠状动脉综合征,(ACS)比例、多支病变比例、重度狭窄比例、Grous积分≥2分比例分别为68.00%、58.00%、62.00%和55.00%,高于对照组患者(P<0.05);观察组患者血清Hcy和CRP分别为(20.14±5.67)μmol/L和(7.22±1.42) mg/L,高于对照组患者(P<0.05),而TBIL为(9.02±1.42)μmol/L,低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。观察组ACS患者血清Hcy和CRP分别为(20.96±4.81)μmol/L和(7.47±1.42) mg/L,高于稳定性心绞痛患者(P<0.05),而TBIL为(8.22±1.31)μmol/L,低于稳定性心绞痛患者(P<0.05);观察组中重度狭窄患者血清Hcy和CRP分别为(20.93±4.43)μmol/L和(7.53±1.39) mg/L,高于轻中度狭窄患者(P<0.05),而TBIL为(8.22±1.24)μmol/L,低于轻中度狭窄患者(P<0.05);观察组中Grous积分≥2分的患者血清Hcy和CRP分别为(21.01±4.43)μmol/L和(7.95±1.30) mg/L,高于Grous积分<2分的患者(P<0.05),而TBIL为(8.35±1.32)μmol/L,低于Grous积分<2分的患者(P<0.05)。观察组患者血清Hcy、CRP与Gensini评分、Grous积分呈正相关(P<0.05),而TBIL与Gensini评分、Grous积分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 高血压合并冠心病患者血清Hcy、CRP水平升高,而TBIL水平降低,Hcy、CRP、TBIL水平与颈动脉损害程度、冠状动脉病变严重程度有关。

超声诊断颈动脉斑块易损性对预测冠脉病变严重程度的临床价值

目的:分析冠脉病变严重程度采用超声诊断颈动脉斑块易损性的方式进行预测的价值。方法:将2022年7月—2023年9月我院接诊并行超声诊断的111例颈动脉斑块患者,按斑块稳定性分为易损斑块组(n=61)和稳定斑块组(n=50)。比较两组临床资料、冠状动脉狭窄程度、冠脉病变支数、冠脉病变Gensini评分、冠心病发生率。结果:两组年龄、性别、吸烟率及体质指数无明显差异(P>0.05),但易损斑块组饮酒率,TG、TC水平高于稳定斑块组(P<0.05)。两组冠状动脉狭窄程度整体存在差异(P<0.05),易损斑块组狭窄轻度率低于稳定斑块组,中、重度率均高于稳定斑块组(P<0.05)。易损斑块组冠脉病变支数、冠脉病变Gensini评分、冠心病发生率均比稳定斑块组高(P<0.05)。结论:颈动脉斑块易损性在一定程度上能够预测冠状动脉硬化狭窄程度和冠心病的发生。

颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性

目的:研究颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性。方法:依据冠脉病变支数,于我院行冠脉造影确诊的116例冠心病患者被分为单支病变组(38例)、双支病变组(39例)与≥3支病变组(39例),选择同期健康体检者41例作为健康对照组。比较各组一般临床资料、颈动脉超声参数,并分析其与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性。结果:与健康对照组比较,单支病变组、双支病变组、≥3支病变组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平、颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)、Crouse积分均显著升高,双支病变组、≥3支病变组斑块回声灰阶中位数(GSM)均显著降低;与单支病变组比较,双支病变组、≥3支病变组TG、LDL-C水平、Gensini积分、Crouse积分及≥3支病变组TC水平均显著升高,≥3支病变组斑块回声GSM显著降低;与双支病变组比较,≥3支病变组TC水平、Gensini积分、Crouse积分均显著升高,斑块回声GSM显著降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,冠心病患者Gensini积分与Crouse积分呈显著正相关(r=0.580,P=0.001);Spearman相关性分析显示,IMT与冠脉病变支数呈显著正相关(r=0.582,P=0.001),斑块回声GSM与其呈显著负相关(r=-0.518,P=0.001)。结论:颈动脉超声相关参数与冠脉粥样硬化病变程度呈显著相关性。

氯吡格雷联合依折麦布治疗冠心病心绞痛患者的效果

目的:观察氯吡格雷联合依折麦布治疗冠心病心绞痛患者的效果。方法:选取2020年2月至2022年2月该院收治的126例冠心病心绞痛患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组各63例。对照组采用依折麦布治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合氯吡格雷治疗,比较两组治疗前后血脂指标[三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]水平、心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)]水平、颈动脉斑块相关指标(斑块个数、斑块总积分、内膜中层厚度)水平、血管内皮功能指标[一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)]水平和不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,两组TG、TC、LDL-C水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,两组HDL-C水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组LVEF水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,两组LVEDD、LVESD水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组斑块个数均少于治疗前,且观察组少于对照组,两组斑块总积分、内膜中层厚度均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组NO水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,两组ET水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:氯吡格雷联合依折麦布治疗冠心病心绞痛患者可改善血脂指标、心功能指标和血管内皮功能指标水平,降低颈动脉斑块相关指标水平,其效果优于单纯依折麦布治疗。

三维斑点追踪超声心动图在冠心病合并高血压患者中的应用价值

目的探讨三维斑点追踪超声心动图(three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography,3D-STE)技术评价老年冠心病(coronary artery disease,CAD)合并高血压患者颈动脉硬化、左心功能的价值。方法回顾性分析82例住院治疗的老年CAD患者一般资料,根据是否合并高血压,将其分为CAD+HT组(CAD合并高血压,35例)、CAD组(47例),另选取45例健康志愿者纳入对照组。采用3D-STE技术对受试者进行检查,比较不同组别患者常规超声心动图参数、超声心动图心室形态构成、3D-STE相关参数及左心室节段应变值水平。结果CAD+HT组左前降支直径、左心房容积(LAV)、室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWTd)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)、LVEDd均显著高于CAD组、对照组,LVEF、E/A低于CAD组、对照组(P均<0.05)。CAD组与对照组左前降支直径、LAV、LVEDd、室间隔厚度、E/A、LVEF间的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);CAD+HT组心室形态正常率明显低于CAD组、对照组,且CAD+HT组、CAD组向心性重构占比均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);CAD+HT组球形指数、左心室重量、左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)、整体圆周应变(GCS)、整体面积应变(GAS)均显著高于CAD组、对照组,整体径向应变(GRS)明显低于CAD组、对照组(P均<0.05),CAD组与对照组GLS、GCS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CAD+HT组、CAD组基底段、中间段、心尖段应变值水平均显著高于对照组,CAD+HT组基底段前壁、侧壁、后壁应变值及中间段前壁、侧壁应变值均显著高于CAD组(P均<0.05)。结论3D-STE可提供客观且可靠的数据对老年CAD合并高血压患者节段室壁运动障碍进行评估,还可作为评估患者颈动脉硬化、左心功能损伤的重要手段。

颈动脉超声在颈动脉斑块患者冠脉病变程度评估中的应用及对脑梗死发生风险的预测价值

目的:探讨颈动脉超声在颈动脉斑块患者冠脉病变程度评估中的应用及对脑梗死发生风险的预测价值。方法:选取2021年4月至2023年4月期间我院收治的冠心病(Coronary Heart Disease,CHD)患者106例作为研究对象,均行颈动脉超声及冠脉造影(Coronary Angiography,CAG)检查,根据CAG检查结果将患者分为单支病变组(n=38)、双支病变组(n=36)及三支病变组(n=32)。比较三组及不同冠状动脉狭窄程度Gensini评分、患者颈动脉硬化等级评分、颈动脉斑块个数、易损斑块、非易损斑块,对比易损斑块患者与非易损斑块患者脑梗死发生率。结果:随病变支数增加、Gensini评分分值升高,CHD患者颈动脉硬化等级评分、颈动脉斑块个数、易损斑块人数占比呈上升趋势,非易损斑块人数占比呈下降趋势(P<0.05);易损斑块患者脑梗死发生率高于非易损斑块患者(P<0.05)。结论:颈动脉超声对颈动脉斑块患者冠脉病变程度具有一定评估价值,并对其短期脑梗死发生风险具有一定预测价值,可作为临床判断病情、评估预后的有效检查方式。