The influence of boundary conditions on the distribution of energetic electrons during collisionless magnetic reconnection

We conducted 2-D particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the impact of boundary conditions on the evolution of magnetic reconnection. The results demonstrate that the boundary conditions are crucial to this evolution. Specifically, in the cases of traditional periodic boundary(PB) and fully-opened boundary(OB) conditions, the evolutions are quite similar before the system achieves the fastest reconnection rate. However, differences emerge between the two cases afterward. In the PB case, the reconnection electric field experiences a rapid decline and even becomes negative, indicating a reversal of the reconnection process. In contrast, the system maintains a fast reconnection stage in the OB case. Suprathermal electrons are generated near the separatrix and in the exhaust region of both simulation cases. In the electron density depletion layer and the dipolarization front region, a larger proportion of suprathermal electrons are produced in the OB case. Medium-energy electrons are mainly located in the vicinity of the X-line and downstream of the reconnection site in both cases. However, in the OB case, they can also be generated in the electron holes along the separatrix. Before the reverse reconnection stage, no high-energy electrons are present in the PB case. In contrast, about 20% of the electrons in the thin and elongated electron current layer are high-energy in the OB case.

Effects of Malonaldehyde Contents in Eschar Extract on Mitochondric Respiratory Function and Energization of the Inner Membrane

Extract of the eschar tissue taken from the rat which had been given full-thickness burn of20% TBSA was found to be inhibitory to the respiratory function of the mitochondria and theenergization of the inner membrane. The inhibition was also demonstrated by the 1: 2 and 1: 4and 1: 8 dilutions of the eschar extract. The extract of normal skin only showed weak inhibitory cf-fect. The 1: 4 dilution of normal skin had no (?) on mitochondrial functions. There is a widegap between the malonaldehyde (MDA) contents of these two kinds of extracts. An apparent posi-tive correlation was found between MDA content and degree of inhibition. However, on close ex-amination, it was found that the MDA content is not the direct cause of the decrease of therespiratory control ratio (RCR). The increase of MDA content is probably related to the destruc-tion of the lipid bilayer of the mitochondria. Data from the energization experiment show that theenergization process is compromised when the destruction of the membrane has proceeded to a cer-tain degrce. The inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function becomes evident when encrgizationfunction is still normal. Therefore at least two mechanisms are operating in the inhibition process.Further work is needed to elucidate the problem.

Observation and Modeling of Geostationary Orbit Electron Energization Induced by Enhanced Dayside Whistler-Mode Waves

We provide correlated observations of enhanced dayside whistler-mode waves and energetic electron acceleration collected by the CLUSTER and GOES satellites during the 23～24 September 2001 storm. Energetic （〉0.6 MeV） electron fluxes are found to increase significantly during the recovery phase and the main phase, by a factor of～50 higher than the prestorm level. These high electron fluxes occur when strong dayside whistler-mode waves are present. Two-dimensional （2D） numerical simulations are carried out and the results demonstrate that the dayside whistler-mode wave can contribute to such enhancements in electron flux within 24 h, consistent with the observation.

高潜水位采煤沉陷区资源化、能源化、功能化利用构想与实践

高潜水位矿区井工开采往往造成地表大面积沉陷积水,矿区生态环境发生变化,沉陷区国土资源由以土地资源为主转变为水资源为主、水土资源共存的局面。目前,采煤沉陷区水资源开发利用不充分,可再生能源开发、多能互补利用和废弃矿井抽水蓄能等方面具有得天独厚的条件和巨大发展潜力,采煤沉陷区国土空间功能也需结合现有条件重新定位与建构。在此背景下,提出高潜水位采煤沉陷区资源化、能源化和功能化利用构想。系统阐述了“三化”面临的科学问题,如采煤沉陷水域水资源量和水生态环境演变规律、地表残余变形规律;“三化”涉及的关键技术与模式,包括监测与评价技术,如“天-空-地-水-井”一体化协同监测技术体系、采煤沉陷区水生态环境调查评价方法、采煤沉陷区建设场地地基稳定性评价方法,以及治理利用技术及模式,如采煤沉陷区水生态环境修复技术模式、采煤沉陷区水资源保持与高效利用技术模式、水资源区域协调开发与高效利用技术模式、风光互补模式、制氢-合成氨-掺氨燃烧发电模式、废弃矿井抽水蓄能模式、农业用地功能构建(复垦地土壤重构)技术、建设用地功能构建(采空区注浆地基加固)技术、生态用地功能构建(地表水系重构与生态湿地建设)技术;并从产业融合、资金筹集、科技创新、区域统筹等方面提出了具体的政策建议。

数字技术赋能红色旅游高质量发展的作用机理与路径探索

数字经济时代,红色旅游迎来了新的发展机遇,焕发出了新的生机。通过研究数字技术对于红色旅游高质量发展的赋能机理,提出了数字技术具备提升旅游企业生产运营效率、创新景区产品供给模式、满足游客消费需求升级和提高政府行政监管效能等效能的观点。进一步分析当前红色旅游发展与数字技术结合仍面临着产品单一、营销不足、数字鸿沟、管理不完善、人才供给不足等现实挑战,并针对上述困境,从丰富旅游数字化产品、创新数字化营销宣传、缩小数字化发展鸿沟、完善信息数字化监管、夯实旅游数字化人才队伍等方面对数字技术如何实现精准高效赋能红色旅游高质量发展进行了探索。

Energization of a Half-Wavelength Transmission Line-Pre-Operational Transients Studies

In the present paper the main results of the pre-operational studies related to the energization maneuver of a Half-Wavelength Transmission Line (AC-Link), are presented. The simulations were performed in PSCAD with actual Brazilian system data. Specifically the following studies were performed: electromagnetic transient studies of energization maneuver considering no fault and the occurrence of fault along the trunk;dynamic analysis of generator units that will energize the AC-Link;TRV on the circuit-breaker that will energize the trunk. The main conclusion is that the AC-Link energization experiment can be implemented without jeopardizing or causing time-life reduction of the equipment involved in the experiment, which comprises the generator unit that will energize the trunk, the step-up transformer, the arresters that will be kept during the experiments, as well as the circuit-breaker that will energize and then trip the AC-Link.

Discussion on Maxing Ganshi Decoction in the Treatment of COVID-19 Based on Triple Energizer Transmission Theory

COVID-19 is caused by novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV),which has the characteristics of strong infectivity,rapid onset and rapid spread.It is popular in China and other parts of the world,and there are no special drugs at present.This disease belongs to the category of plague in traditional Chinese medicine.Combined with the theory of triple energizer transmission in Yang Lishan's"Identification of Warm Disease",the confirmed case in our hospital was analyzed,and it was found that pathogenic qi entered from nose and mouth,injected into middle energizer,and then distributed in upper and lower energizer.The pathogenic qi is mainly diffused in the middle and upper energizer.Modified Maxing Ganshi decoction has a good effect.

Energizing Waste

THE 36-hectare Reppie Sanitary Landfill, also known as Qoshe. dirt in local slanG, has been Ethiopia＇s bisgest rubbish site for more than half a century. The landfill, located on the outskirts of Addis Ababa,

华为：规模商用全球的EnerG BTS解决方案

华为EnerG解决方案已经规模应用于全球80多个国家的150多个运营商,服务于全球2亿GSM用户,是全球TOP 50移动运营商中的26个全球领先运营商的合作伙伴,包括TELEFONICA、ORANGE、MTN、MTS、STC、ETISALAT、MIC、TM、MAXIS、OT、中国移动、中国联通等。GSM BTS全球部署超过10075载频。

2008年全球粮食危机的成因及启示——石油、金融联动视角下的分析

2008年爆发的全球性粮食危机范围之广、影响程度之深均超过了之前的历次危机。并且,此次粮食危机与石油、金融之间存在密切的联动关系。一方面,油价的上涨增加了粮食产业链各环节诸如生产、运输、加工的成本,从而带动了粮价的高涨,并且美国基于油价高涨大力发展生物能源,人为制造的粮食短缺又进一步加剧了粮食危机。另一方面,美国为解决国内金融危机实施量化宽松的货币政策,美元的过剩性流动和美元的贬值推高了国际粮价,而金融资本的投机炒作又加重了粮价飙升。在粮食能源化、粮食金融化的综合作用之下,粮食市场的波动性不断加剧,粮食的能源属性和金融属性逐渐突显。

从“和”之道谈小柴胡汤的临床应用

分析“和”的哲学含义及中医治病观之执中致和,探究中医“和”理论的思想内涵。通过以方证因的方式,分析小柴胡汤“和”之义在《伤寒杂病论》及临床应用中的体现。小柴胡汤“和”之义在于疏解少阳以和表里阴阳、通达三焦以和津液输布、调和气机以助斡旋运转,和洽配伍以治诸系统疾病。故表里不和、阴阳失衡、寒热错杂、津液失布、上下不通、气机失调等均可用小柴胡汤施治。

孔立从“三焦理论”论治脓毒症心肾综合征

孔立教授认为“三焦功能紊乱”是脓毒症心肾综合征的根本病机,上、中、下三焦部位相连,功能互用,脓毒症心肾综合征主要病位在上、下二焦,中焦既是因上下二焦而受累,又可致上下二焦功能失调。孔立教授提出从“三焦理论”论治脓毒症诱发的心肾综合征,认为在治疗脓毒症的基础上,应以通下焦利小便为先,调上焦复心肺之能为要,强调护中焦调胃气贯穿治疗始终。

从三焦理论辨治痛风

痛风主要临床表现为高尿酸血症、急慢性关节炎、痛风石、痛风性肾病等,严重者可发生关节致残、肾功能不全,其病程长,易反复,且发病率呈上升趋势。中医药治疗痛风在改善患者临床症状、减轻药物不良反应、延缓疾病进展等方面取得了较好的成绩。该文基于痛风的生理病理以及三焦功能特点,总结痛风发病的主要病机是三焦功能失司,脏腑功能失调,水液代谢失常,湿、热、浊毒、痰、瘀等内流五脏六腑,外阻关节经络,从而引起痛风的发生。在“三焦辨证”理论指导下,三焦并治,从整体出发,根据疾病的主证和兼证,结合患者临床病情变化,辨别上、中、下三焦的主次,以辨证论治来调整脏腑,通利三焦,以此指导临床不同阶段的治疗,为临床痛风的诊治提供一种新的辨证治疗思路。

三焦学说的传承与演变探析

三焦的形态结构模糊,病变之变证、兼证繁多,故历代医家对于三焦学说都有不同见解。在形态结构方面,历代医家主要继承了《黄帝内经》的三焦“有名有形”论和《难经》的三焦“有名无形”论,在此基础上演变出了脂膜、腔子、腔府、油膜、膜腔、缝隙腠理等学说,并结合现代医学剖析三焦的形态结构。在功能方面,从《黄帝内经》的“决渎之官”“中渎之腑”“传化之府”到《难经》的“三焦为原气之别使”,历代医家大多立足于三焦的气化功能,探讨营卫、少阳、五脏、命门相火、温病等与三焦的相关性。

从三焦理论探讨恶性胸腹腔积液的治疗

恶性胸腹腔积液病机为三焦阻滞,水饮内停,元气运行受阻,血液凝滞,痰瘀内结,治疗应在行气利水、淡渗利湿或峻下逐水、逐瘀利水通利三焦的基础上,兼顾肺、脾,肾三脏的功能失调。通利三焦多为宣上通下的行气利水药物,如柴胡、枳实、桔梗等,同时配以淡渗利湿药物或者峻下逐水药物以通调水道,如茯苓、猪苓、泽泻等,尚需加用利水逐瘀药物,如水蛭、桃仁、泽兰等。兼顾肺、脾,肾三脏的功能失调,分别以开宣肺气、健脾益气、温补肾阳之法,开宣肺卫通利三焦用以麻黄为基础的方药如越婢汤、越婢加术汤、甘草麻黄汤及大小青龙汤;健脾渗湿疏利三焦用以黄芪为基础的方药如防己茯苓汤、桂枝加黄芪汤、桂枝苦酒汤;温补肾阳用附子,干姜。同时尚需要考虑恶性肿瘤癌毒这一主要病理因素,加用祛除癌毒之邪药物如山慈菇、蛇六谷、全蝎等。

考虑储能电站恢复能力的风储联合黑启动协调控制策略

储能电站与风电场联合参与系统黑启动,可减少负荷停电时间和加速系统恢复。文章针对大型风储联合发电系统,提出了考虑储能电站恢复能力的黑启动协调控制策略。风电场采用最大功率跟踪控制方式,储能电站采用恒频恒压控制方式,二者联合构成黑启动电源;储能电站采用软启动技术自启动,先恢复部分重要负荷,再启动风电机组,提高了风电并网的稳定性。提出了考虑储能电站恢复能力的负荷恢复量估算方法,基于被启动火电厂辅机负荷需求和风功率预测,对黑启动过程中储能电站的荷电状态进行预估,进而考虑储能电站的功率和荷电状态约束,确定重要负荷的恢复量,从而在确保启动火电机组的前提下,尽可能恢复重要负荷。基于PSCAD/EMTDC的暂态仿真结果验证了所提策略的有效性。

华琼从三焦论治慢性肾小球肾炎经验介绍

华琼教授从肺脾肝肾四脏关系、水湿与瘀血相互影响入手,从三焦论治慢性肾小球肾炎。华琼教授认为,引起慢性肾小球肾炎的病机为本虚、邪实,本虚为肺卫失宣、脾胃受阻、肝肾虚衰,邪实以湿热、血瘀、水湿为常见。治疗时以宣开肺气治其标、健运脾胃调其根、下益肝肾固其本、祛湿兼活血通脉为准则,紧抓致病关键,扶正固本,祛邪治标,标本同治。

韩景献教授针刺治疗多系统萎缩经验

多系统萎缩是临床少见的神经系统变性疾病,目前没有特效药和有效控制病情进展的方法。韩景献根据50余年的临床经验,认为“三焦气化失司”是多系统萎缩的关键病机,临床以自创的“三焦针法”为基础治疗本病。此针法在穴位选择及针刺施治中尤重调气,重用膻中、中脘、气海三气穴,疏理上、中、下三焦之气,辅以血海、外关、足三里,化痰祛瘀,行气活血,扶本培元,使全身精、气、血、津液化生、运行和输布正常,从而改善症状,为临床治疗该病提供了新的思路与方法。

枳壳中3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮对湿阻中焦大鼠的改善作用研究

目的研究枳壳中3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-七甲氧基黄酮(HMF)对湿阻中焦大鼠的改善作用。方法将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(消旋山莨菪碱片,1 mg/kg)和HMF低、中、高剂量组(0.3、0.6、0.9 mg/kg),每组7只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均采用内因加外因复合因素法造模。造模成功后,各组大鼠灌胃相应药物或生理盐水,每日1次,连续14 d。观察各组大鼠饮食量、饮水量及精神状态等一般行为学状态,测定大鼠粪便含水率及唾液流率。采用苏木素-伊红染色法观察大鼠胃和小肠组织的病理形态学变化;检测大鼠血浆中醛固酮含量;检测大鼠胃组织中水通道蛋白3(AQP3)表达水平。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠饮食量、饮水量均显著减少(P<0.01),粪便含水率、唾液流率、血浆中醛固酮含量和胃组织中AQP3表达水平均显著增加/升高(P<0.01);大鼠胃组织损伤侵及黏膜肌层,黏膜肌层断裂;小肠出现少量肠绒毛糜烂,腺体结构破坏等病理形态学变化。与模型组比较,HMF各剂量组大鼠饮食量、饮水量均增加,粪便含水率、唾液流率、血浆中醛固酮含量和胃组织中AQP3表达水平均减少/降低,上述差异大部分有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);胃和小肠组织的病理形态学变化均有不同程度改善。结论枳壳燥性成分HMF对湿阻中焦大鼠症状有一定的改善作用,其机制可能与降低血浆醛固酮含量、下调胃组织中AQP3表达有关。

基于肠道菌群从“土郁夺之”论治慢性前列腺炎

慢性前列腺炎是男科常见疾病,具有病程迁延、症状复杂、易于复发等特点。本文从肠道菌群、“土郁”与慢性前列腺炎相关性,以及“夺之”在治疗慢性前列腺炎的具体运用方面阐释三者紧密关联,进而基于“土郁夺之”论述扶脾阳泄水湿以调节肠道菌群,治以“培助中土,以运为夺”“升木达郁,以疏为夺”“祛瘀通络,以消为夺”三法,从而达到治疗慢性前列腺炎目的,以期为临床提供参考。