Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentall...Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentally achieved by optimizing the effective utilization of solar energy and enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated charges.It has been demonstrated that the fabrication ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor-based photocatalysts is effective in increasing solar light absorption,long-term stability,large-scale production and promoting charge transfer.This focused review explores on the current developments inⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor materials for solar-powered photocatalytic systems.The review explores on various subjects,including the advancement ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductors,photocatalytic mechanisms,and their uses in H2 conversion,CO_(2)reduction,environmental remediation,and photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions.In order to design heterostructures,the review delves into basic concepts including solar light absorption and effective charge separation.It also highlights significant advancements in green energy systems for water splitting,emphasizing the significance of establishing eco-friendly systems for CO_(2)reduction and hydrogen production.The main purpose is to produce hydrogen through sustainable and ecologically friendly energy conversion.The review intends to foster the development of greener and more sustainable energy source by encouraging researchers and developers to focus on practical applications and advancements in solar-powered photocatalysis.展开更多
This article describes an analysis of the energy and economic impacts of possible energy efficiency standards for room air conditioners on both U.S. consumers and the nation as a whole. We used two metrics to determin...This article describes an analysis of the energy and economic impacts of possible energy efficiency standards for room air conditioners on both U.S. consumers and the nation as a whole. We used two metrics to determine the effect of standards on a representative sample of U.S. consumers: life-cycle cost change and payback period. For the national impact analysis, we evaluated national energy savings attributable to each potential standard, the monetary value of the energy savings to consumers of room air conditioners, the increased total installed costs because of standards, and the net present value of the difference between the value of energy savings and increased total installed costs. Our analysis indicates that standards for room air conditioners at efficiency level 3, which is 17% more efficient than today’s typical unit in the case of room air conditioners less than 6000 Btu/h with louvers and 12% more efficient in the case of room air conditioners 8000 - 13,999 Btu/h with louvers, would save close to one quad of energy over 30 years and have a net present value of consumer benefit of between ?$0.14 billion and $1.82 billion, depending on the discount rate. In addition, such standards would reduce carbon dioxide emissions and NOx emissions.展开更多
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(No.2022M3H4A1A04096380)and(No.2022M3H4A3A01082883)。
文摘Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentally achieved by optimizing the effective utilization of solar energy and enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated charges.It has been demonstrated that the fabrication ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor-based photocatalysts is effective in increasing solar light absorption,long-term stability,large-scale production and promoting charge transfer.This focused review explores on the current developments inⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor materials for solar-powered photocatalytic systems.The review explores on various subjects,including the advancement ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductors,photocatalytic mechanisms,and their uses in H2 conversion,CO_(2)reduction,environmental remediation,and photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions.In order to design heterostructures,the review delves into basic concepts including solar light absorption and effective charge separation.It also highlights significant advancements in green energy systems for water splitting,emphasizing the significance of establishing eco-friendly systems for CO_(2)reduction and hydrogen production.The main purpose is to produce hydrogen through sustainable and ecologically friendly energy conversion.The review intends to foster the development of greener and more sustainable energy source by encouraging researchers and developers to focus on practical applications and advancements in solar-powered photocatalysis.
文摘This article describes an analysis of the energy and economic impacts of possible energy efficiency standards for room air conditioners on both U.S. consumers and the nation as a whole. We used two metrics to determine the effect of standards on a representative sample of U.S. consumers: life-cycle cost change and payback period. For the national impact analysis, we evaluated national energy savings attributable to each potential standard, the monetary value of the energy savings to consumers of room air conditioners, the increased total installed costs because of standards, and the net present value of the difference between the value of energy savings and increased total installed costs. Our analysis indicates that standards for room air conditioners at efficiency level 3, which is 17% more efficient than today’s typical unit in the case of room air conditioners less than 6000 Btu/h with louvers and 12% more efficient in the case of room air conditioners 8000 - 13,999 Btu/h with louvers, would save close to one quad of energy over 30 years and have a net present value of consumer benefit of between ?$0.14 billion and $1.82 billion, depending on the discount rate. In addition, such standards would reduce carbon dioxide emissions and NOx emissions.
