The Five-Year Plan: A new tool for energy saving and emissions reduction in China

China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the government, industries, and society to work together. This paper showed that a mediumehigh economic growth gate, industry structure adjustment, and energy structure adjustment, which are guaranteed under the Five-Year Plan, all contribute to energy saving in China. The economy entered a stable growing phase during the 12 th Five-Year Plan, while the economic growth rate declined to 7.8% from 11.2% in the 11 th Five-Year Plan. Simultaneously, the CO2 emissions growth rate declined from8.32%（2009-2012 mean） to 1.82%（2012-2014 mean）. Industrial structure adjustment canceled out nearly one-third of the CO2 emissions caused by economic growth. Under the 13 th Five-Year Plan, China will continue its energy saving efforts on the green development path, with greener quotas, a stricter implementation process, and more key projects.

Utilization of Livestock's Dejection as Biogas Origin in Building New Countryside in Heilongjiang Province--Developing Utilization of Biogas and Promoting Energy-saving and Emission Reduction

With the startup and execution of new socialistic countryside construction in Heilongjiang Province,the transition from castoff to resource is strengthened in the countryside,aiming at neat appearance of the countryside,clean production and saving energy.People produce biogas and provide the countryside with new energy by means of turning livestock＇s dejection into resources,composting of the plant and animal＇s leavings in the courtyard and even in the factory.It is helpful for the countryside to conserve the energy and reduce emission of the waste.And it also plays an important role in protecting the eco-environment,beautifying homestead and developing the ecological agriculture and so on.The liquid and solid residue in the biogas production can be reused as fertilizer for crops or food for animals after pretreatment,which is propitious to accelerate the development of the circular economy in Heilongjiang Province.

The development of slag processing technology and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry

This study provides an overview of the production and classification of metallurgical slag and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry and an analysis of the impact of key factors on slag processing technology, including a brief account of blast furnace（BF） slag processing and applications with a focus on the steel slag disposal processes and the features of some typical processes. In view of the characteristics of the basic oxygen furnace （BOF） slag and the technical difficulties faced by the traditional processes,it describes the principle,features and technical advantages of the Baosteel short-flow （BSSF） steel slag treatment process developed by Baosteel. The thinking and outlook on the direction of the development of the metallurgical slag processing process are stated.

Study on Objectives and Strategies for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Transportation Industry during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period in Beijing

Facing increasing passenger and cargo transport demand and limited re-source in the 13th Five-Year period, how to make a breakthrough and substantial progress has become a key issue on planning and the Top-level Design. In this paper we judged and analyzed the current development and potential demand of the energy saving and emission reduction in Beijing traffic industry. Through application of energy and emission prediction model which based on the vehicle activity data, the development goals of “one drop, double control, and triple upgrade” have been put forward. In order to achieve the goal, “5 + 1” development strategies should be implemented, and we also proposed the thinking and recommendations on sustainable development of transportation.

Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Estimations of Electrified Railways in China

Based on the annual production data collected by the Statistic Center of the Ministry of Railways of the People＇s Republic of China, we calculated the energy saving and direct emission reductions of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm of electrified railways, and analyzed their dynamic characteristics during the period of 1975 2007. The results show that during this period, the annual mean values of energy saving is 1.23×10^6 tce, and direct emission reduction of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm are 4.267×10^6 t, 20.5×10^3 t, 3.0×10^3 t, 9.6×10^3 t, 67.9×10^3 t, and 6.9×10^3 t per year, respectively. The annual average increasing rates of energy saving is 139×10^3 tce, and direct emission reduction of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm are 483×10^3 t, 2.3×10^3 t, 0.34×10^3 t, 1.1×10^3 t, 7.7 ×10^3 t and 0.78×10^3 t per year, respectively. The electrified railways have played an important role in decreasing the energy consumption and air pollutant emissions of China＇s railway system. The results of this study could provide some reference knowledge for future reductions of energy consumption and waste gas emission in China＇s railway transportation.

Energy savings and CO_2 emission reduction by using geothermal heat pumps

The renewable energy will play significant role in the world primary energy consumption in the future. Geothermal energy is immense with 5 000 EJ/a of technical potential, and geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) are one of the fastest growing applications of renewable energy in the world with annual increases of 10 % and much faster in China. With high coefficient of performance (COP) up to 6, GHPs make efficiency of primary energy more than 240 % with assumed a 40 % of electricity generation efficiency, which means energy savings and CO2 emission reduction. In this paper,the geothermal resources and its utilization are talked about, and GHPs technology was introduced. Due to its high efficiency, there will be energy savings by using GHPs. There is also CO2 emission reduction because of using geothermal heat pumps, which is analyzed in the end.

A research of green taxation policy for promoting energy saving and emission reduction

It's been proved by theory and practice that taxation policy is one of the important means of realizing energy saving and emission reduction. The green taxation system in the Western countries has got better effects in energy saving and environmental protection. In the recent years, China has in succession released some taxation policies promoting energy saving and emission reduction, but still has a huge gap to meet the real needs of energy saving and emission reduction. By analyzing China's status quo of the polices of energy saving and emission reduction and drawing upon experiences of the developed countries about green taxation, this paper presents how to perfect ideas of China's energy saving and emission reduction taxation policies: adjusting taxes relevant to green taxation in the current taxation system, such as resource tax, consumer tax, and so on; collecting new environmental tax; perfecting the preferential taxation policies for the energy saving and environmental protection industries.

A multi-objective train-scheduling optimization model considering locomotive assignment and segment emission constraints for energy saving

Energy saving and emission reduction for railway systems should not only be studied from a technical perspective but should also be focused on management and economics. On the basis of relevant trainscheduling models for train operation management, in this paper we introduce an extended multi-objective trainscheduling optimization model considering locomotive assignment and segment emission constraints for energy saving. The objective of setting up this model is to reduce the energy and emission cost as well as total passenger- time. The decision variables include continuous variables such as train arrival and departure time, and binary vari- ables such as locomotive assignment and segment occu- pancy. The constraints are concerned with train movement, trip time, headway, and segment emission, etc. To obtain a non-dominated satisfactory solution on these objectives, a fuzzy multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to solve the model. Finally, a numerical example is performed and used to compare the proposed model with the existing model. The results show that the proposed model can reduce the energy consumption, meet exhausts emission demands effectively by optimal locomotive assignment, and its solution methodology is effective.

环境补贴能提升企业碳绩效吗--基于A股上市公司实证分析

环境补贴既是国家实现“双碳”目标的宏观调控手段,也是减轻企业环保负担、引导企业节能减排的推动力。选取2014~2019年接受环境补贴的1094家A股上市公司3735个观测值作为研究样本,采用双向固定效应模型,实证探究环境补贴对企业碳绩效的影响。研究表明,环境补贴与企业碳绩效显著正相关且具有滞后性特征,异质性检验发现,成立时间长的企业、国有企业、东部地区与中低污染企业环境补贴作用效果显著;进一步研究发现,环境补贴中的节能减排补贴与企业碳绩效显著正相关,环境治理补贴对企业碳绩效起负向作用。据此,提出环境补贴应以降碳为重点、减污降碳协同增效为目的等建议。

“双碳”背景下医院住院病人水控管理系统的定量分析——以某三甲医院2019-2022年数据为例

针对医院在“双碳”目标下管理和控制住院病人洗澡用水的问题进行了深入研究,通过整理某三甲医院2019-2022年的水控数据,定量分析了住院病人的用水情况,并评估了各种因素对用水量的影响。研究结果表明,即使在严格落实“一床一陪护”制度的今天,水控系统仍然能够显著降低住院用水,同时日间手术量、床位周转率等指标也与住院患者用水量有相关性。提出与运用的定量分析模型对医院精细化管理有积极意义,提供了对病区管理评价的新工具。

考虑煤气调度的钢铁园区能量流-物质流协同优化方法

为促进钢铁行业绿色低碳转型,提出一种钢铁园区能量流-物质流协同优化调度方法,充分挖掘生产系统与能源系统协同优化潜力。通过分析园区高炉、转炉、电炉工序的时序特性与物料关系,建立面向生产系统的物质流模型。考虑各生产工序的能耗特性和煤气产耗情况,建立计及煤气调度的能量流-物质流耦合模型。基于上述模型,以系统运行成本最小化和最低碳排为目标,对钢铁园区能量流-物质流进行协同优化调度,得到高炉、转炉、电炉生产设备的最优生产策略以及电力、煤气、焦炭能源的最佳调度结果。以山西某钢铁园区为算例对所提方法进行验证,结果表明,在满足钢铁园区生产计划要求的前提下,所提方法通过物质流与能量流的协同调控可使钢铁园区的日碳排放量降低9.56%,系统总成本降低6.12%。

“碳交易”:地方增收的新渠道--基于中国碳排放权交易试点政策的准自然实验

碳排放权交易是实现绿色低碳发展转型,开启绿色增收新模式的重要抓手。相比其他环境规制政策,以市场导向型的碳市场在西方国家得到了较为广泛的认可与应用。本文基于中国2010~2021年省域面板数据考察了以“碳交易”为代表的市场导向型环境规制政策对地方政府收入的影响。研究发现:碳排放权交易显著提升了地方政府税收收入。进一步研究发现,当碳市场采取有偿初始配额分配模式和非履约主体交易更活跃时,碳市场的增收效应更为明显。此外,碳市场交易形成的增收渠道能同时带来企业的节能减排,实现了环境与经济双赢。本文从政府的视角揭示了中国碳市场建设的宏观经济效应,研究结论对于完善国家统一的碳市场建设和缓解地方政府债务都具有参考意义。

基于Q-learning和随机森林的SCR脱硝系统温度优化研究

钢铁行业的烧结工艺会产生大量污染源,如重金属颗粒物、NO_(x)等。为了控制污染物浓度,需要采用脱硫、除尘、脱硝等工艺对烟气进行净化处理。低温SCR脱硝工艺在钢铁行业中应用广泛,但由于温度控制依赖人工经验,存在时滞、多变量等问题,导致煤气过量消耗和运行成本增加。本文针对这一问题,提出了一种结合大数据与人工智能的优化控制方法,通过引入Q-learning算法,结合随机森林模型预测的煤气用量,对低温SCR脱硝系统的入口温度进行优化控制。实验结果显示,优化后的SCR系统入口平均温度为194.2℃,较人工控制的实际平均温度209.8℃明显降低;每月煤气耗量由202.3×10^(4)Nm^(3)降至179.6×10^(4)Nm^(3),节能约9%;氨水耗量由51.7×10^(4)L降至49.2×10^(4)L,节能约5%。研究表明,本文所提出的控制方法能够显著提高脱硝效率,减少煤气消耗,降低生产成本。

某污水处理厂减污-节能-降碳的长效运行效能评估研究

基于污水处理厂的年度运行周期,建立相对规范量化的单位处理负荷的能耗、碳排放强度指标的核算与评估体系。通过3 a长效期类比,某污水处理厂实际单位处理量的碳排放强度为0.60~0.93 kgCO_(2)/m_(3),单位COD消减量的碳排放强度为1.98~2.49 kgCO_(2)/kgCOD,其值与单位综合耗氧污染物消减量的碳排放强度值相近,而单位TN消减量的碳排放强度达到12.9~15.8 kgCO_(2)/kgTN。单位处理量的碳排放强度未必与单位污染物消减量的碳排放强度呈现同向关联性变化。该厂排放源主要来自于间接碳排放,其中药剂、电力的间接碳排放强度在总量合计占比超过60%,药剂优耗降碳宜重点抓好脱氮碳源、化学除磷2类。因碳排放因子选值的不确定性,可能会导致不同污水处理厂之间碳排放强度效能评估缺乏量化可比性。

A Self-Powered Energy-Saving Epidemic Prevention Tent

The current situation of the epidemic is complex and changeable.Under the China adherence to the“dynamic zero clearance,”epidemic prevention and control is closely related to all walks of life,and epidemic prevention awning has become one of the essential basic epidemic prevention facilities.However,most of the epidemic awnings are manufactured for the isolation and protection from wind and rain,which could not meet the needs of electricity allocation during emergencies.Therefore,our goal is to design a new energy-saving epidemic prevention tent that is green,stable,and easy to shrink.It is equipped with multiple energy storage and multivariate methods to achieve self-supply of electric energy.First the“1+1”arrangement design of solar power panels on the anti-epidemic tent and pressure power panels combined with the design of pressure power panels under the tent can receive various energy inputs.At the same time,retractable brackets are designed under the four pillars,which are easy to fold and enhance the stability of the canopy.The utilization of energy is more diversified to achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.Its market value is broad,and the development prospect is good.

武汉农村别墅太阳能-空气能耦合应用研究

针对武汉地区一别墅建筑的空调、供暖、生活热水及用电需求,本文介绍了一套太阳能-空气源热泵耦合供能系统的设计和优化。采用SketchUp软件搭建建筑三维模型,并使用TRNBuild计算冷热负荷,确定各设备容量。进一步采用TRNSYS软件建立系统仿真模型,模拟季节运行得出全年数据。通过对比优化,确定了系统最节能的集热器与光伏面积配比为1∶6.5,系统太阳能综合利用率最高达19.80%。结果表明,该耦合系统全年耗电量主要由室内冷热负荷决定,太阳能集热效率在40%左右,太阳能保证率为75.7%,热泵全年COP在2.8左右,系统能效比EER为3.3,系统回收期为7.37 a。该系统兼具经济、节能、环保等特点,可为系统在武汉及周边农村地区推广应用提供理论依据。

基于LSTM-Attention与MOPSO高炉节能减排控制算法研究

随着节能环保观念和绿色持续发展理念的深入人心,如何做好高炉节能减排已为目前钢铁行业面对的主要问题之一。为实现高炉节能减排,将人工智能技术与高炉生产数据相结合,提出了燃料比最低和煤比最高的多目标优化方案。在燃料比和煤比预测方面运用随机森林(RF)、长短时记忆网络结构(LSTM)、结合注意力机制的长短时记忆(LSTM-Attention)3个算法对比分析,选择出对燃料比和煤比预测最准确的LSTM-Attention模型作为预测模型。并在LSTM-Attention预测模型基础上,结合多目标粒子群算法(MOPSO)和非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)分别寻找Pareto最优解进行对比,选择效果较好的MOPSO进行结果分析。结果表明,在高炉生产工况一定的情况下,控制决策变量压差、氧量、喷煤量和风量的参数值,约能降低能耗4.06×10^(11)kJ/年,减少CO^(2)的排放量25.91 t/年,为高炉实现节能减排提供技术支持。

Evaluation of Energy-Efficiency Standards for Room Air Conditioners in the US

This article describes an analysis of the energy and economic impacts of possible energy efficiency standards for room air conditioners on both U.S. consumers and the nation as a whole. We used two metrics to determine the effect of standards on a representative sample of U.S. consumers: life-cycle cost change and payback period. For the national impact analysis, we evaluated national energy savings attributable to each potential standard, the monetary value of the energy savings to consumers of room air conditioners, the increased total installed costs because of standards, and the net present value of the difference between the value of energy savings and increased total installed costs. Our analysis indicates that standards for room air conditioners at efficiency level 3, which is 17% more efficient than today’s typical unit in the case of room air conditioners less than 6000 Btu/h with louvers and 12% more efficient in the case of room air conditioners 8000 - 13,999 Btu/h with louvers, would save close to one quad of energy over 30 years and have a net present value of consumer benefit of between ?$0.14 billion and $1.82 billion, depending on the discount rate. In addition, such standards would reduce carbon dioxide emissions and NOx emissions.

Mix-A小分子胺在甘蔗制糖锅炉的应用分析

红河制糖有限公司130 t/h锅炉炉水原采用磷酸盐处理,此方法存在pH值波动大,锅炉排污次数多,排污量大,锅炉相关管路积垢多,传热效率低,蒸汽带盐多对汽轮机叶片损伤大等问题。2022/23年榨季将炉水处理改进为Mix-A小分子胺与磷酸盐协调控制后,实际运行结果表明:炉水pH值控制达标且稳定、锅炉排污率降低,同时小分子胺能够剥离和分散水冷壁管表面垢层,降低管壁沉积物的生成量,提高炉管换热效率,达到节能减排的效果,还能降低蒸汽带盐多对汽轮机叶片的损伤。本方案的成功实施可为甘蔗制糖企业中压锅炉炉水处理提供一个新的方法与思路。

CM造纸公司环境绩效评价体系构建研究--基于平衡计分卡与三重绩效

近年来温室气体排放总量不断增加,造纸行业作为典型的重污染行业,推动造纸企业稳步实现碳达峰、碳中和,这不仅是我国“双碳”目标的总体要求,而且也是我国经济社会高质量发展的需要。选择平衡计分卡与三重绩效构建了适合CM造纸公司的绩效评价体系,分析归纳出CM造纸公司当前绩效评价存在的主要问题与改善措施。为造纸企业环境绩效评价提供了参考和依据。