Design Details of Low-Energy and Passive Houses Using Composites from Waste Raw Materials

The article deals with potential use of waste materials in construction industry, specifically use of high density polyethylene （HDPE）. The article is focused in particular on recycled polyethylene application in products designed for construction industry, especially for passive houses. Currently certain building details of passive houses are not perfect or their solution results in higher economic demands related to house purchase and its further use. For the purpose of this thesis details of windows installation in external walls and elimination of thermal bridges in wall footing have been chosen. Products were subject to mathematic modelling of thermal technique and statics. The executed mathematic models documented that products are fully functional and that the suggested product successfully eliminate insufficiencies of some currently applied solutions.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Characterization of Clay Paste under Loads for Energy Saving in Clay Materials Processing

Requirements for the respect of the environment encourage to reduce the impact of human activity on the nature. Civil engineering answers these requirements by the development of ecological construction materials. This paper deals with the transformation of clay raw materials which enable the processing of environmentally friendly construction materials: in addition to their biodegradability, the alveolar fired clay materials allow energy saving in home heating thanks to their thermal isolation properties. But their manufacturing is a high energy consumption process, in particular during compaction, drying and firing which contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases. The goal of this paper is to study the rheology of clay pastes in order to develop low energy in manufacturing processes. For this purpose, theoretical and experimental approaches were carried out on six clay varieties. In the theoretical approach, a finite element (FE) simulation model has been developed for pressing a non-rigid material predicting deformations and stresses occurring within the clay structure. Experiments have then been carried out to validate the finite element modelling. In this experimental approach, the clay pastes were transformed with water content respecting the Atterberg limits which determine the plasticity of clays. The samples compaction has been carried out under variable loadings in order to determine the suitable low energy consumption loading.

Fatty Acid/Expanded Graphite Encapsulating Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Energy Storage

The lauric-myristic-palmitic acid( LA-MA-PA) ternary eutectic mixtures/expanded graphite( EG) composite phase change materials( PCMs) were prepared by absorbing LA-MA-PA into the porous network of EG. The optimum ratio of ternary eutectic mixtures to EG was determined to be 93∶7 without liquid LA-MA-PA leakage from the composite PCMs. In order to make the structure more stable, the composite PCMs were encapsulated by surface treatment agent to prepare LA-MA-PA/EG encapsulating form-stable PCMs which were characterized by scanning electron microscope( SEM),Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope( FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) and thermal treatment. The results showed there was no chemical reaction between surface treatment agent and LA-MA-PA,and the samples were compactly encapsulated which left almost no imprint on the filter paper after thermal treatment. The phase change temperature and latent heat of LA-MA-PA/EG encapsulating form-stable PCMs were tested to be29. 32 ℃ and 96. 20 J/g,respectively. Additionally,the heat transfer efficiency of heat storage was improved by the addition of EG.

考虑煤气调度的钢铁园区能量流-物质流协同优化方法

为促进钢铁行业绿色低碳转型,提出一种钢铁园区能量流-物质流协同优化调度方法,充分挖掘生产系统与能源系统协同优化潜力。通过分析园区高炉、转炉、电炉工序的时序特性与物料关系,建立面向生产系统的物质流模型。考虑各生产工序的能耗特性和煤气产耗情况,建立计及煤气调度的能量流-物质流耦合模型。基于上述模型,以系统运行成本最小化和最低碳排为目标,对钢铁园区能量流-物质流进行协同优化调度,得到高炉、转炉、电炉生产设备的最优生产策略以及电力、煤气、焦炭能源的最佳调度结果。以山西某钢铁园区为算例对所提方法进行验证,结果表明,在满足钢铁园区生产计划要求的前提下,所提方法通过物质流与能量流的协同调控可使钢铁园区的日碳排放量降低9.56%,系统总成本降低6.12%。

Enhanced Thermal Performance of Roofing Materials by Integrating Phase Change Materials to Reduce Energy Consumption in Buildings

This work focused on characterizing and improving the thermal behavior of metal sheet roofing.To decrease the heat transfer from the roof into a building,we investigated the efficiency of four types of phase change materials,with different melting points:PCMІ,PCM II,PCM III and PCM IV,when used in conjunction with a sheet metal roof.The exterior metal roofing surface temperature was held constant at 50℃,60℃,70℃and 80℃,using a thermal source(halogen lights)for 360 min to investigate and compare the thermal performance of the metal sheet roofing with and without phase change materials for each condition.The thermal behaviors of the phase change materials were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).The results showed the melting points of PCMІ,PCM II,PCM III and PCM IV were around 45℃,50℃,55℃and 59℃,respectively.The integration of PCM IV into the metal roofing sheet increased the thermal performance by reducing the room temperature up to 2.8%,1.4%,1.0%and 0.7%when compared with the normal metal roof sheet,at the controlled temperatures of 50℃,60℃,70℃and 80℃,respectively.The thermal absorption of the phase change materials also caused a time delay in the model room reaching a steady temperature.The integration of phase change materials with metal roofing sheets resulted in better thermal performance and conservation of electrical energy by reducing the demand for cooling.

Development of a Composite Eco-Material Based on Typha from a Clay Matrix

This work focuses on the design of a new type of eco-material based on Typha“Domingensis”and clay from the south of the Republic of Benin through various dosages.Three particle size classes of typha shavings were selected to be mixed with two types of clayin order to make parallelepiped shaped samples ready for experimentation.The massive use of these briquettes thus obtained,in the construction of habitats,would not only contribute to reducing the energy consumption inside the dwellings but also would limit the invasion of the waterways of Benin,which would facilitate navigation,fishing and river sanitation activities.In addition,this biosourced,low-polluting material would contribute to improving the energy transition by integrating it into rehabilitation of buildings.

Active and passive modulation of solar light transmittance in a uniquely multifunctional dual-band single molecule for smart window applications

Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.

Research and Application Progress in Energy-saving Monolithic Refractories

Foeusing on high energy consumption of refracto- ties, our research works about monolithic refractories were introduced, such as bauxite-based corundum, mi- cro-porous light-weight bauxite-based clinker, light- weight ahunina-rich spinel, magnesia micropowder, .fast-drying refractory castables of blast furnace, largeare long-life fast-：~intering fling refractories for converter, higlz-strength light-weight mullite castalbles for ladle permanent liner, high-strength and low-conductivity for- sterite- vermiculite insulating board, basic shotcreting castables .for ladle permanent liner, magnesia - ealcia gunning mix for RH refining furnace, and light-weight castables in petrochemical industry.

BAS-BP控制模型在化工厂空调节能中的应用研究

实施能源控制,降低化工材料企业能源消耗对企业实施转型升级,提升企业市场竞争力具有至关重要的意义。对化工企业厂房空调系统进行了分析,将空调系统能效比作为节能智能控制的目标。采用BAS对BP神经网络初始权值与偏置进行优化,得到了BAS-BP模型,通过该模型对厂房空调系统实施节能智能控制。将该节能智能控制模型应用于某化工材料企业中,通过520次迭代,厂房内温度区域稳定,为24.5℃,同时得到了各影响因素的值。这对化工材料企业厂房空调节能智能控制提供了数据支撑。

The effects of cool materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption at the residential neighborhood scale

Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy consumption.This study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption in six typical residential neighborhoods in Nanjing,China.The neighborhood energy consumption of 16 application schemes considering the façade orientation factor is compared to determine the best energy-saving scheme.Seasonal and annual energy-saving rates,savings in electricity costs,and the price ceiling for materials per unit area are analyzed.The results show that for low-rise buildings,using cool materials only on the roof can reduce the annual energy consumption by 1%.When cool or super cool materials are also used on the building façade,the annual energy saving rate can be up to 3.4%and 4.3%,respectively.Using cool materials on the south façade of buildings is not recommended due to significant heat loss in winter.Considering savings in electricity costs and the price ceiling for materials per unit area,the price of cool and super cool materials should be less than 3.0 and 3.7 RMB/m2,respectively,assuming a lifespan of eight years in Nanjing.

Numerical simulation of thermal process and energy saving of lime furnace

Based on the principle of thermal balance and material balance of lime furnace, the reaction and heat transfer process mathematical-physical model and the on-line monitoring model of the decomposition rate of limestone were set up. With this model, numerical simulation is used to analyze the effects of operational parameters on the process of lime calcining and to optimize it. By using visual basic program to communicate and program, the centralized management and automatic control of the lime furnace are realized. The software is put into practical production, which makes the lime furnace operate steadily and efficiently, and causes the increase in output and decrease in energy consumption.

New insights on(V_(10)O_(28))^(6-)-based electrode materials for energy storage:a brief review

Progress in humanity has intensified the demand for efficient and renewable energy storage,which warrants the development of advanced rechargeable batteries such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),and lithium-sulfur batteries(Li-S batteries).Nevertheless,these batteries still suffer from certain limitations,such as the insufficient capacity and inferior stability in their electrode materials.Therefore,developing a feasible electrode material for Li/Na/Zn ion storage represents a critical challenge.Recently,polyoxovanadates(POVs)materials,particularly decavanadate anion(V_(10)O_(28))^(6-)clusters,have attracted considerate attention as promising battery electrodes,due to their rich multi-electron redox process,high structural stability,simple preparation process,and abundant ligand environment.In this review,we provide an overview of the research progress of(V_(10)O_(28))^(6-)-based materials in various metal-ion battery systems,including LIBs,SIBs,ZIBs,and Li-S batteries.We also discuss the underlying challenges associated with this type of materials,and we provide alternative strategies to overcome these issues.This review aims to facilitate the research and development of the nextgeneration(V_(10)O_(28))^(6-)-based battery materials.

Discussion on green building materials

With the continuous development of science and technology and constantly improve of the quality of life, most people are increasingly aware of the importance of the environment. According to the serious problem that resource consumption and environmental pollution caused by the traditional building materials, green building materials has been the support of the people. Because of its low consumption, less pollution, beneficial to human health, harmony with the environment and other excellent performance, the green building materials has a rapid development in recent years. This paper is based on the thinking of innovation, starting from the environment, energy saving point of view, analysis the advantages and shortcomings of green building materials, explore the developing trend and future of this new type of material.

相变储能材料在建筑工程建设中的应用

相变储能材料能与建筑材料复合实现节能效果。合理开发利用相变储能材料是优化居住空间、推动建筑领域绿色发展的有效途径。本文综述了相变储能材料的概念、分类及应用价值,介绍了相变储能材料在建筑中的节能原理,并具体阐释了相变储能材料的应用领域。

竹编夹泥墙节能优化研究--以重庆市大足区某起居室为例

在美丽乡村与可持续发展背景下,传统材料的生态价值日益突出。在传统低技的营造策略下,对墙体进行节能优化,将有助于“双碳”目标的实现。研究以竹编夹泥墙为例,通过生土改性与构造优化,提高墙体节能效果。项目基于PKPM-Energy建筑能耗分析软件,将参数设置为重庆市大足区某带有空调采暖的起居室,对包括两种改性墙体在内的五个墙体样本进行能耗模拟。发现带有空气层与外保温层的改进墙体节能效果最佳,相较于节能烧结空心砖每年可节能382.15 kW·h。

气相二氧化硅/三元无机水合盐定型相变材料的制备及性能表征

以气相二氧化硅作为多孔吸附材料,对十二水磷酸氢二钠/五水偏硅酸钠/十水碳酸钠低共熔相变材料进行封装,通过控制气相二氧化硅含量,制备出不同吸附量的气相二氧化硅/三元无机水合盐定型相变材料。通过差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和热重分析仪等多种测试手段,对定型相变材料的性能和结构进行表征。研究结果表明:气相二氧化硅的最佳含量为25%(质量分数),该条件下定型相变材料相变焓为95.96J/g;三元无机水合盐相变材料与气相二氧化硅只是单纯的物理混合,并未发生化学反应产生新物质,制备的定型相变热稳定性较好。

农作物秸秆低碳墙体材料研究现状

综述了近年来国内外关于农作物秸秆在建筑墙体材料中的应用及研究进展,从生产技术、制备工艺、配合比设计等方面出发,重点介绍了农作物秸秆低碳墙体材料的力学性能、保温隔热性能、阻燃性能等优良特性,并对农作物秸秆低碳墙体材料现阶段所存在的缺陷和不足给出了合理建议,对其未来发展方向及应用前景做出了展望。

相变材料应用于建筑节能的研究状况与趋势

为了系统地分析相变材料应用于建筑节能领域的发展态势,以中国知网期刊和Web of Science核心合集引文数据库收录的2001-2021年“相变材料”及“建筑节能”为主题的文献为数据源,利用信息可视化软件Cite Space分析了相变材料应用于建筑节能的研究现状、研究热点、研究主题和发展趋势,总结并绘制了该领域知识路线图。相变材料应用建筑节能领域可总结为4个主要方面:相变材料传热性能的研究、提高相变材料热导率技术、相变材料应用技术。未来研究重点将是通过添加高导热率材料来提升和改善相变材料的传热性能及其他性能。综合分析表明,近年来相变材料在建筑节能中的应用研究呈现逐年上升趋势,研究热点主要集中于制备及方法研究、储热装置的性能研究和应用研究,其未来研究方向将更加注重降低建筑能耗,以及相变建筑构件的耐久性和稳定性。

浮球覆盖下水面能量平衡再建与蒸发模型研究

针对干旱区平原水库蒸发强烈导致水资源利用率低的问题,选用黑色高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)浮球作为干旱区平原水库节水材料。通过理论分析、建模与室外试验三者结合,对完整非冰冻期内浮球覆盖下水面蒸发、水体能量平衡组分变化分布的响应机理进行研究,并在此基础上建立相应的水面蒸发量计算模型。结果显示:相较于自由水面,73%的浮球覆盖率下的整体水面净辐射吸收率减小约12.6%,其月均蒸发所需潜热通量减少了61.8%,约为148.73 W/m^(2),水体的感热通量和蓄热通量也有较大的变化。通过对彭曼模型的能量项和空气动力项进行修正,建立的覆盖条件下的水面蒸发量计算模型具有较高的精度。

Pathways to carbon neutrality in the built environment: Phase change materials

Phase change materials(PCMs)are increasingly capturing the spotlight in the realm of building design and construction owing to their capacity to absorb and release thermal energy throughout phase transitions.This review provides a comprehensive overview of PCMs,outlining their properties and applications in improving energy efficiency,comfort,and sustainability in buildings.It delves into various types of PCMs,discussing their selection criteria,integration methods,and their impact on indoor climate and energy consumption.The exploration covers both passive and active PCM systems across diverse building components,including implications for walls,roofs,windows,and floors,and integrated heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)and solar energy storage.Additionally,the review addresses challenges associated with PCM implementation in building applications while considering future prospects in this field.