Investment risk evaluation of existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO

The investment risk management of the existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO cannot be separated from the scientific risk measurement and evaluation. The investment risk assessment is the basis of investment decision and project implementation. Based on the content analysis and balance of evaluation principle of investment risk evaluation on the existing building energy-saving renovation project, we set up three levels of existing building energy-saving renovation project investment risk evaluation index system, use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the quantitative process, get the scientific assessment of the investment risk of existing building energy-saving renovation project, and support the investment risk response strategy and control measures of existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO.

Operational mechanism of comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy efficient renovation project based on value-added life

The comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project cannot be separated from the scientific and effective evaluation mechanism.Based on the value-added life perspective,this paper analyzes the implementation subject,standard,system and principle of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project.It plans the process of comprehensive benefit evaluation,and builds a scientific and reasonable operation platform of evaluation system,with a view to promoting the effective implementation of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy-saving retrofits.

Passive Design and Building Renovation in the Mediterranean Area： New Sensitive Approach for Sustainability

The criteria of sustainable design have been already received for reducing heating energy consumption （i.e. Passivhaus standard and first fulfillment of the EPDB Directive）. Nowadays, many research are being involved to extend the passive standard to buildings in mild climate areas. Compared to building efficiency in the middle European area, the requirements for sustainable development of construction in the Mediterranean area imply an higher and more articulated passive control of outside/inside energy flows in order to extend energy efficiency measures to the whole year. This is based on an intense interaction between external climatic conditions and the building whole performance, with a dynamic behavior according to climate seasonal changes and inside comfort. Consequently, the integrated design of building fabrics, conceived not as separated components but as complex organism and system of interaction, increases its potential and strategic aim for reducing building consumptions of whole year in the mild climate. This paper demonstrates, both in new constructions and in the renovation of existing buildings, that the whole performance approach is the most suitable for sustainable design in a typical Mediterranean climate in order to increase the efficiency with controlled investments. The aim of this research is to show, through some case studies in Sardinia, that this sensitive and performance approach could optimize the ratio between economic costs and energy and environmental benefits. Only through an integrated and intelligent design of the architectural organism it is possible to achieve the new targets for sustainable building development, even for mild climate areas, required by European Directive 2002/91/EC.

COMBINING BUILDING RENOVATION AND GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP INSTALLATIONS FOR THE REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS:A Case Study in Vaasa Finland

Given the growing interest in ground source heat pump and distributed heating installations in general for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,technology implementation planning can benefit from the simultaneous consideration of building renovations.Here,a method for identifying and evaluating scenarios based on cost and greenhouse gas emissions is presented.The method is demonstrated for a case study in Vaasa Finland.The case study considers the insulation of the walls,roof,and base floor and the replacement of windows based on 2003 and 2010 Finnish building codes simultaneously with the possible replacement of existing heat sources with ground source heat pumps.Estimates of changes in heat demand for consecutive renovations are combined with data on renovation,installation,heating costs,and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions data for the current and proposed heat sources.Preferred scenarios are identifi ed and evaluated by building type,construction decade,and current heating source.The results are then placed within the contexts of the Vaasa building stock and policy theory.

Energy and Buildings

In 2011,the Danish government published an energy strategy for Denmark where one of the main targets are that Denmark should be a fossil-free society by 2050.Calculations show,that in order to reach this goal it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the existing building stock by 50 % on average.Since a 50 % reduction is obviously not possible for all buildings,those that can should aim for a so-called “deep energy renovation”,i.e.reducing the energy consumption to a level corresponding to that of new buildings or even more.This paper describes two case studies where multi-story apartment buildings have undergone deep energy renovation.“Traneparken” where the expected energy use after renovation aimed at a level corresponding to that of a new building according to the Danish Building Regulations from 2015.“Sems Have” where the aim was to go even further and meet the requirements expected for new buildings in 2020,i.e.corresponding to the Danish “nearly zero energy”-definition according to the EPBD.The paper reports on calculations and measurements of energy savings,the economy of the projects and looks at the added benefits or co-benefits that residents,housing association and society in general have achieved in addition to significant energy savings.

Strategies for healthy market of existing building energy conservation

The existing building energy-saving renovation project with quasi-public goods attributes has inherently defined the characteristics of market externality and information asymmetry, leading to the existing building energy-saving renovation market failure. Improve the existing building energy-saving market development guarantee system is the foundation of promoting market cultivation, and healthy development, which need to improve the legal system, rich incentive policies, clear quality standards and implement energy efficiency labeling.

中国煤电机组改造升级效果分析与展望

煤电改造升级是提升煤电机组清洁高效灵活性水平、适应煤电向基础保障性和系统调节性电源并重转型的重要手段之一。通过分析中国煤电机组改造升级现状、改造效果,探讨了改造升级过程中存在的主要问题,并提出了促进煤电改造升级的措施方式,对煤电改造升级工作进行了展望。研究发现:煤电的节能降碳改造中,改造机组在额定工况下的供电煤耗平均可降低约5 g/(kW·h);煤电的灵活性改造中,改造机组最小出力由改造前的约42%额定负荷降低至约额定负荷的29%;煤电的供热改造中,改造机组的供热量可增加约56%。煤电改造过程中存在负荷率与供电煤耗、投入与收益、技术选择、可靠性等多方面协同问题,从运行、技术、政策等角度提出了推动煤电改造升级的措施建议,为煤电改造升级的有序推动提供参考。

严寒地区农村住宅围护结构现状分析与优化研究

我国严寒地区气候寒冷且供暖季漫长,农村住宅采暖能耗问题突出,多数住宅采用自建形式,围护结构的热工性能普遍不理想。本研究从严寒地区农村住宅围护结构实际情况出发,对本溪农村地区200余户现有住宅进行调研。结果显示,本溪现有农宅基本未设置外墙保温,虽部分住宅屋顶设置保温,但保温材料均已超过使用年限,保温效果较差。有86.95%的农宅室内温度基本维持在18℃以下,农户满意度仅24.2%。实地测量3户典型农宅的室内环境温度。采用EnergyPlus模拟得到农宅围护结构的传热系数相比居住建筑节能设计标准规定限值超出300%~400%。根据实测数据和模拟数据对外墙、屋顶、外窗进行热工性能改造。对比单一围护结构改造前后的供暖季热负荷,得出外墙的改造效果最好。

医院建筑节能改造全生命周期碳排放量核算

为了促进建筑领域节能减排,实现“双碳”目标,医院建筑的节能改造和全生命周期碳排放研究具有重要意义。通过对沈阳市YK医院进行实地调研,获取建筑设计规划图纸内容及水电设备资料等各项建筑设计基本信息、能源系统设计、建筑运行能耗数据、建造数据;基于全生命周期评价理论,采用碳排放系数法对其全生命周期碳排放量进行核算。结果表明:在改造技术下,YK医院建筑的综合节能率为32.83%,全生命周期4个阶段碳排放量占比分别为6.20%、0.10%、93.04%、0.66%,其中建材生产及运输和建筑运行两阶段碳排放量占比最大,约为99%。

基于BIM技术的重庆传统木构民居围护结构节能改造研究——以杨家槽传统民居为例

传统民居的保护更新,需要在保证传统风貌的前提下,提高民居的室内舒适性,实现民居的可持续利用。围护结构的节能改造是目前发展的重点,而BIM技术的利用能高效地辅助节能改造的模拟计算。以重庆市渝北区杨家槽传统民居为对象,在实地调研的基础上,通过BIM技术对民居围护结构的能耗情况进行数字化模拟,解析重庆传统木构民居围护结构的气密性低、保温隔热性能差等现存问题,并针对问题设计实验模拟改造方案。通过模拟改造结果对比,结合传统民居修缮技术,提出适宜的围护结构节能改造措施。最终结果显示,通过在屋面设置防水保温构造,墙体内侧增加外保温层,增大窗墙比,以及设置双层窗形式,能显著提高围护结构的气密性与保温隔热性能,增进民居居住环境舒适度,为BIM技术在传统民居建筑的应用提供一定参考。

河南农村建筑能效提升改造

为了解目前河南省农村建筑的节能发展现状,对河南省农村现有建筑围护结构的热工性能进行了调研和总结。结果表明,既有农村建筑的墙体、屋面和门窗等的热工性能整体较差,导致供暖和制冷能耗很大。选取典型河南省农村建筑进行了围护结构改造设计,利用PKPM软件对改造前后的建筑能效提升率和经济性进行了计算和对比,分析得出可依据屋面、外墙、外门窗的优先顺序来确定既有农村建筑能效提升路线。其中:对屋面进行改造,其能效提升率相对较高、成本较低,保温层厚度可选取大于50 mm;对外墙进行改造,保温层厚度可选取大于40 mm,当有多面外墙需要改造时,优先改造北面墙。该改造方案可为既有农村建筑的节能改造提供参考,达到节能的目的。

一种值得深化探究的项目主动治理模式——《既有建筑节能改造项目风险共担与激励协同机理研究》书评

郭汉丁教授的著作《既有建筑节能改造项目风险共担与激励协同机理研究》,是一部基于项目主动治理模式探索的新成果,架构了逻辑关联的风险共担与激励协同框架体系,探究了行为联系的风险共担与激励协同核心要素,论证了内在本质的风险共担与激励协同见解观点,体现了体系完整、视角独特、观点明确的基本特征。

既有建筑绿色改造项目ESCO风险预警机制研究架构

既有建筑绿色改造是践行节能减排和“双碳”目标的建筑实践,是城市更新背景下建筑业高质量可持续发展的内在要求,是建筑业新建改建并举业态转型的实际行动。EPC(合同能源管理)模式下既有建筑绿色改造有序实施关键在于ESCO(节能服务企业)风险治理。基于项目治理视角,从国内外工程项目风险预警研究概述入手,解析ESCO风险治理的特殊复杂性,论证ESCO既有建筑绿色改造项目风险预警机制研究价值,设计ESCO风险预警机制研究目标,规划既有建筑绿色改造项目ESCO风险预警机制的内容,阐释ESCO风险预警机制研究思路、创新之处和体系构架的实施方案及其可行性,初步形成基于项目治理视角的ESCO既有建筑绿色改造项目风险预警理论体系。丰富与完善风险治理理论,以治理有效驱动绿色改造高质量发展。

670 MW燃煤机组耦合熔盐储能系统方案设计及性能分析

为应对新能源发电机组的反调峰特性对电网平稳运行带来的挑战,煤电机组急需提高灵活性运行和深度调峰能力。针对某670 MW一次再热机组,设计了利用蒸汽引射器调配再热器蒸汽入口流量等9种储-释能方案,基于Ebsilon软件建立热力仿真模型并对耦合系统的各项性能进行了分析。研究结果显示:所有方案均能有效拓宽机组的调峰区间;储热时相同调峰深度下抽汽储热方式的热经济性优于电加热储热,集成蒸汽引射器调配抽汽补偿再热入口流量的储热方案可以有效地解决大量抽取主蒸汽带来的再热器超温问题;释热时高温熔盐加热高压给水可以获得更好的热经济效益;储-释热组合方案C1-S2表现出最好的经济性能,其向上调峰深度达到76.89 MW,循环热效率和?效率分别达到42.48%、41.31%。

煤电机组“三改联动”改造升级技术路线与验收评价

对国家和内蒙古自治区关于燃煤火电机组节能降耗改造、供热改造和灵活性改造“三改联动”的改造要求与改造目标进行对比梳理,基于内蒙古中西部地区典型火电机组状况与运行特性,针对锅炉受热面升级改造、汽轮机通流改造升级、辅机设备系统适应性改造、能量梯级综合利用改造、供热能力提升改造、热电解耦技术改造、能环解耦技术改造、低负荷稳定燃烧技术改造等“三改联动”典型改造技术,分析其技术路线的特点、适用条件、选择影响因素等,并结合机组日常维护管理与政策支持资金投入等影响,提供了煤电机组“三改联动”改造升级方案技术路线的选择方法和“三改联动”改造升级验收及效果评价方法,以期对技术人员有指导和借鉴作用。

新能源接入下油田电网适应性改造技术方案

“双碳”目标下,中国石油在“三北”地区开展“风光气储一体化”大基地布局,推动天然气与新能源融合发展,油田电网改造面临一系列难题和挑战。新能源电力逐步接入油田内部电网,电力系统平衡难度加大,并网电压稳定性、电网频率稳定性等受到影响,现有油田电网难以保障系统安全可靠经济运行。文章对新能源接入Q油田的电网调度自动化系统、电力智能管控平台、新能源接入适应性仿真分析等进行探索。通过完善电力调度自动化系统,实现电力系统状态估计、市场交易等功能。应用智能电力管控平台对BW区域清洁能源替代进行分析,每年可节省电费296万元,降低CO_(2)排放量500t。新能源接入适应性仿真分析结果说明,当新能源占比小于75%,系统电网在振荡后能够稳定状态,且燃气轮机并网点应靠近中心点母线,以防止系统电压过低及长线路所造成的振荡。

既有建筑节能改造研究与应用

针对当前既有建筑存在能耗过大,对我国能源供应与环境保护均造成巨大压力的问题,以某城区102#建筑楼为例,对其开展既有建筑节能改造研究与应用探究。明确既有建筑项目节能改造目标,在此基础上,从既有建筑外窗节能、既有建筑外墙节能等方面进行改造。通过对节能改造方案模拟与应用,得出最佳的改造方案,以此促进建筑能耗降低,为该地区建筑节能改造工作提供新的启示与帮助。

北京市办公建筑空调系统现状调研及节能改造潜力分析

通过对北京市71个政府办公建筑空调系统调研,分析空调系统能耗状况、用能设备现状、存在的问题及改造需求,提出空调系统节能改造技术路线。在此基础上,分析空调系统节能改造节能量、碳减排量和总投资,为空调系统节能改造方案制订提供指引。

碳交易驱动下的公共建筑节能改造技术选型决策研究

针对公共建筑节能改造方案决策,从节能与碳交易综合收益出发,建立围护结构(墙体、窗体)改造、照明改造、空调优化、屋顶光伏、锅炉电能替代六项技术的节能减碳与经济效益模型,借助多元回归算法构建电价、碳交易价格波动下的改造方案决策方法,突破传统的经验赋权评价模式,推演最佳初投资金额和各项技术选型决权重与优先级,最后结合工程案例验证了方法的有效性,旨在为业主灵活应对能源与碳交易市场、精准节能提供参考。

某老旧通信机房节能改造

针对某高耗能老旧机房,通过实地摸排和问题诊断,找出耗能主因。采用定制化方案,从重整机房空间布局,优化气流组织,升级空调设备等方面进行升级改造,实现机房节能。改造完成后机房PUE可降低至1.5以下,并消除了热点隐患,提升了利用率。