Nitrogen-doped graphene:Synthesis,characterizations and energy applications

Nitrogen-doped（N-doped） graphene has attracted increasing attentions because of the significantly enhanced properties in physic, chemistry, biology and material science, as compared with those of pristine graphene. By date, N-doped graphene has opened up an exciting new field in the science and technology of two-dimensional materials. From the viewpoints of chemistry and materials, this article presents an overview on the recent progress of N-doped graphene, including the typical synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and various applications in energy fields. The challenges and perspective of Ndoped graphene are also discussed. We expect that this review will provide new insights into the further development and practical applications of N-doped graphene.

Characterization of single-pulse photon energy and photon energy jitter at the Shanghai soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser

The X-ray free-electron laser(XFEL),a new X-ray light source,presents numerous opportunities for scientific research.Self-amplified spontaneous emission(SASE)is one generation mode of XFEL in which each pulse is unique.In this paper,we propose a pinhole diffraction method to accurately determine the XFEL photon energy,pulses'photon energy jitter,and sample-to-detector distance for soft X-ray.This method was verified at Shanghai soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser(SXFEL).The measured average photon energy was 406.5 eV,with a photon energy jitter(root-mean-square)of 1.39 eV,and the sample-to-detector distance was calculated to be 16.61 cm.

Technical Characteristics Analysis for Toyota Prius Hybrid Vehicle

In order to solve the problem effectively that increasing car ownership relies on limited resources like oil and the resulting environmental pollution because of vehicle exhaust,＂New energy vehicles＂is not a new conception which is mentioned frequently and has been used in practical applications in our daily life. As a typical representative of the use of new energy vehicles,Prius,a kind of gas-electric hybrid cars which are made by Toyota is a very typical type in technique and application. Using Prius as an example,we will focus on its chemical reaction principle of electrical energy storage device and evaluation parameters,the structure of driving motors and gives the dqmodel of the electrical machine in dqcoordinates,the structure of dynamic coupling device,convertor assembly which including four kinds of convertor and its function,finally,introducing the working principles and characteristics of the system assembly in this paper.

Characterization of Intracellular Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Biomass of Aspergillus terreus

Greener synthesis of nanoparticle is a revolutionizing area in research field.Biological method of reduction of metal ions is often preferred because they are clean,safe,biocompatible,and environmentally acceptable than physical,chemical,and mechanical methods.The wet biomass of Aspergillus terreus（A.terreus） was utilized for the intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles.Gold nanoparticles were produced when an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid was reduced by A.terreus biomass as the reducing agent.Production of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by the color change of biomass from yellow to pinkish violet.The produced nanoparticles were then characterized by FT-IR,SEM,EDS,and XRD.The SEM images revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical,irregularly shaped with no definite morphology.Average size of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles was 186 nm.The presence of the gold nanoparticle was confirmed by EDS analysis.Crystalline nature of synthesized gold nanoparticle was confirmed by XRD pattern.