Application research on large-scale battery energy storage system under Global Energy Interconnection framework

In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection(GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configuration and optimization. Based on the most promising battery energy storage technology, this paper introduces the current status of the grid technology, the application of large-scale energy storage technology and the supporting role of battery energy storage for GEI. Based on several key technologies of large-scale battery energy storage system, preliminary analysis of the standard system construction of energy storage system is made, and the future prospect is put forward.

Joint electricity and carbon market for Northeast Asia energy interconnection

Decarbonization of the electricity sector is crucial to mitigate the impacts of climate change and global warming over the coming decades.The key challenges for achieving this goal are carbon emission trading and electricity sector regulation,which are also the major components of the carbon and electricity markets,respectively.In this paper,a joint electricity and carbon market model is proposed to investigate the relationships between electricity price,carbon price,and electricity generation capacity,thereby identifying pathways toward a renewable energy transition under the transactional energy interconnection framework.The proposed model is a dynamically iterative optimization model consisting of upper-level and lower-level models.The upper-level model optimizes power generation and obtains the electricity price,which drives the lower-level model to update the carbon price and electricity generation capacity.The proposed model is verified using the Northeast Asia power grid.The results show that increasing carbon price will result in increased electricity price,along with further increases in renewable energy generation capacity in the following period.This increase in renewable energy generation will reduce reliance on carbon-emitting energy sources,and hence the carbon price will decline.Moreover,the interconnection among zones in the Northeast Asia power grid will enable reasonable allocation of zonal power generation.Carbon capture and storage (CCS) will be an effective technology to reduce the carbon emissions and further realize the emission reduction targets in 2030-2050.It eases the stress of realizing the energy transition because of the less urgency to install additional renewable energy capacity.

Research on big data applications in Global Energy Interconnection

Construction of Global Energy Interconnection(GEI) is regarded as an effective way to utilize clean energy and it has been a hot research topic in recent years. As one of the enabling technologies for GEI, big data is accompanied with the sharing, fusion and comprehensive application of energy related data all over the world. The paper analyzes the technology innovation direction of GEI and the advantages of big data technologies in supporting GEI development, and then gives some typical application scenarios to illustrate the application value of big data. Finally, the architecture for applying random matrix theory in GEI is presented.

Synergies of carbon neutrality, air pollution control, and health improvement - a case study of China Energy Interconnection scenario

Climate change and air pollution are primarily caused by the combustion and utilization of fossil fuels.Both climate change and air pollution cause health problems.Based on the development of China,it is extremely important to explore the synergies of the energy transition,CO_(2) reduction,air pollution control,and health improvement under the target of carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.This study introduces the policy evolution and research progress related to energy,climate change,and the environment in China and proposes a complete energy-climate-air-health mechanism framework.Based on the MESSAGE-GLOBIOM integrated assessment model,emission inventory and chemical transport model,and exposure-response function,a comprehensive assessment method of energy-climate-air-health synergies was established and applied to quantify the impacts of Chinese Energy Interconnection Carbon Neutrality(CEICN)scenario.The results demonstrate that,by 2060,the SO_(2),NO_(x) and PM_(2.5) emissions are estimated to be reduced by 91%,85%,and 90%respectively compared to the business-as-usual(BAU)scenario.The direct health impacts brought by achieving the goal of carbon neutrality will drive the proactive implementation of more emission reduction measures and bring greater benefits to human health.

Quantitative credibility evaluation of Global Energy Interconnection data

The development of Global Energy Interconnection(GEI)is essential for supporting a wide range of basic data resources.The Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization has established a comprehensive data center covering six major systems.However,methods for accurately describing and scientifically evaluating the credibility of the massive amount of GEI data remain underdeveloped.To address this lack of such methods,a GEI data credibility quantitative evaluation model is proposed here.An evaluation indicator system is established to evaluate data credibility from multiple perspectives and ensure the comprehensiveness and impartiality of evaluation results.The Cloud Model abandons the hard division of comments to ensure objectivity and accuracy in evaluation results.To evaluate the suitability of the proposed method,a case analysis is conducted,wherein the proposed method demonstrates sufficient validity and feasibility.

Design and verification of a satellite-terrestrial integrated IP network model for the Global Energy Interconnection

In order to meet the pressing demand for wide-area communication required by the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI),accelerating the construction of satellite-terrestrial Integra怕d networks that can achieve network extension and seamless global coverage has become the focus of power communication tech no logy development.In this study,we propose a satellite-terrestrial integrated network model that can support interconnection and interoperation on the IP layer between the satellite system and the怕rrestrial segment of the existing power communication system.First,the composition and function of the satellite-terrestrial collaborative network are explained.Then,the IP-based protocol stack is described,and a typical applicati on experime nt is con ducted to illustrate the particular process of this protocol stack.Fin ally,a use case of IP interconn ection that depends on GEO satellite communication is detailed.The experime ntal study has showed that the satellite-terrestrial collaborative network can efficiently support various IP applications for the GEI.

Economic benefits of Northeast Asia energy interconnection:A quantitative analysis based on a computable general equilibrium model

There has been an intense discussion on the energy infrastructure cooperation in Northeast Asia.Most studies have focused on the technical feasibility of grid interconnection,deployment of renewable energy,and have ignored the quantitative analysis of social and economic benefits of these proposals.This study uses a computable general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of energy interconnection in Northeast Asia.Key model development tasks include 1)constructing a new nesting structure,2)econometrically estimating the constant elasticities of substitution(CES)between fossil-and non-fossil-power generation bundles,3)developing a new base-case scenario,and 4)developing the policy scenario.We found that while Northeast Asia will benefit from energy interconnection development with higher GDP than in the base-case;there will be a trade-off between higher investment and lower consumption.Sector results and environmental implications in this region are also discussed.

Develop Global Energy Interconnection Establish a Leading International Journal

Resources scarcity,environmental pollution and climate change pose a great threat to the survival and development of humanity.The fundamental way out is innovation.Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed'discussions on establishing Global Energy Interconnection,or GEI to facilitate efforts to meet global power demand with clean and green alternatives'at the UN Sustainable Development

CALL FOR PAPERS Mar.2019 Special Issue for Global Energy Interconnection Conference

The Global Energy Interconnection Conference will be held in Mar.2019 in Beijing,China. We are collecting research papers worldwide to publish a special issue.1 New Energy Generation Design and Equipment Development of Photovoltaic, Photothermal, Wind and other New Energy Generation Systems,New Energy Generation Simulation and Planning, Test and Inspection Technology, Power Prediction and

Impact of interconnections and renewable energy integration on the Philippine-Sabah Power Grid systems

This study presents a comprehensive impact analysis of the rotor angle stability of a proposed international connection between the Philippines and Sabah,Malaysia,as part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)Power Grid.This study focuses on modeling and evaluating the dynamic performance of the interconnected system,considering the high penetration of renewable sources.Power flow,small signal stability,and transient stability analyses were conducted to assess the ability of the proposed linked power system models to withstand small and large disturbances,utilizing the Power Systems Analysis Toolbox(PSAT)software in MATLAB.All components used in the model are documented in the PSAT library.Currently,there is a lack of publicly available studies regarding the implementation of this specific system.Additionally,the study investigates the behavior of a system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources.Based on the findings,this study concludes that a system is generally stable when interconnection is realized,given its appropriate location and dynamic component parameters.Furthermore,the critical eigenvalues of the system also exhibited improvement as the renewable energy sources were augmented.

Review of Middle East energy interconnection development

In recent years,the Middle East region countries have experienced rapid population and economy growth,which has resulted in large increase of energy and power demand.Although the traditional fossil fuels remain the majority for supplying the domestic demand,additional generating capacity and fuel supply are necessary according to current situation and future demand forecast.The renewable energy provides an alternative resource for satisfying demand,especially in this region with high potential of solar and wind energy.Besides the development of renewable energy,interconnected electricity networks also enable the cross-border power exchange to fulfil electricity demand.Many Middle East countries have already started developing renewable energy and reforming the national power sector for regional electricityintegration.However,none of them has already implemented their targets and the challenges are still huge.This study reviews current conditions of electricity and energy interconnection development,and analyzes the process of regional electricity network integration and national power sector reforms and provides suggestion for regions’plan.Finally,the technology developments for future power grid interconnection and renewable energy integration are also reviewed.

Exploring the driving factors and their mitigation potential in global energy-related CO2 emission

In order to quantify the contribution of the mitigation strategies,an extended Kaya identity has been proposed in this paper for decomposing the various factors that influence the CO2 emission.To this end,we provided a detailed decomposition of the carbon intensity and energy intensity,which enables the quantification of clean energy development and electrification.The logarithmic mean divisia index(LMDI)has been applied to the historical data to quantify the contributions of the various factors affecting the CO2 emissions.Further,the global energy interconnection(GEI)scenario has been introduced for providing a systematic solution to meet the 2℃goal of the Paris Agreement.By combining LMDI with the scenario analysis,the mitigation potential of the various factors for CO2 emission has been analyzed.Results from the historical data indicate that economic development and population growth contribute the most to the increase in CO2 emissions,whereas improvement in the power generation efficiency predominantly helps in emission reduction.A numerical analysis,performed for obtaining the projected future carbon emissions,suggests that clean energy development and electrification are the top two factors that can decrease CO2 emissions,thus showing their great potential for mitigation in the future.Moreover,the carbon capture and storage technology serves as an important supplementary mitigation method.

Energy consumption and emission mitigation prediction based on data center traffic and PUE for global data centers

With the rapid development of technologies such as big data and cloud computing,data communication and data computing in the form of exponential growth have led to a large amount of energy consumption in data centers.Globally,data centers will become the world’s largest users of energy consumption,with the ratio rising from 3%in 2017 to 4.5%in 2025.Due to its unique climate and energy-saving advantages,the high-latitude area in the Pan-Arctic region has gradually become a hotspot for data center site selection in recent years.In order to predict and analyze the future energy consumption and carbon emissions of global data centers,this paper presents a new method based on global data center traffic and power usage effectiveness(PUE)for energy consumption prediction.Firstly,global data center traffic growth is predicted based on the Cisco’s research.Secondly,the dynamic global average PUE and the high latitude PUE based on Romonet simulation model are obtained,and then global data center energy consumption with two different scenarios,the decentralized scenario and the centralized scenario,is analyzed quantitatively via the polynomial fitting method.The simulation results show that,in 2030,the global data center energy consumption and carbon emissions are reduced by about 301 billion kWh and 720 million tons CO2 in the centralized scenario compared with that of the decentralized scenario,which confirms that the establishment of data centers in the Pan-Arctic region in the future can effectively relief the climate change and energy problems.This study provides support for global energy consumption prediction,and guidance for the layout of future global data centers from the perspective of energy consumption.Moreover,it provides support of the feasibility of the integration of energy and information networks under the Global Energy Interconnection conception.

Integration and development of energy and information network in the Pan-Arctic region

The Global Energy Interconnection is an important strategic approach used to achieve efficient worldwide energy allocation.The idea of developing integrated power,information,and transportation networks provides increased power interconnection functionality and meaning,helps condense forces,and accelerates the integration of global infrastructure.Correspondingly,it is envisaged that it will become the trend of industrial technological development in the future.In consideration of the current trend of integrated development,this study evaluates a possible plan of coordinated development of fiber-optic and power networks in the Pan-Arctic region.Firstly,the backbone network architecture of Global Energy Interconnection is introduced and the importance of the Arctic energy backbone network is confirmed.The energy consumption and developmental trend of global data centers are then analyzed.Subsequently,the global network traffic is predicted and analyzed by means of a polynomial regression model.Finally,in combination with the current construction of fiber-optic networks in the Pan-Arctic region,the advantages of the integration of the fiber-optic and power networks in this region are clarified in justification of the decision for the development of a Global Energy Interconnection scheme.

The scoping study of Kazakhstan-China-Republic of Korea power interconnection

Electric interconnection is an essential trend for future large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy.China has proposed the concept of Global Energy Interconnection to realize the clean utilization of energy through the interconnection of power grids and optimize the allocation of global energy resources.This study proposes the Kazakhstan-China-Republic of Korea networking scheme,analyzing the characteristics of power supply and demand in these countries.Based on the regional economic analysis and power development,four interconnection schemes are proposed utilizing UHVDC technology.Accordingly,existing problems and favorable factors are fully considered.The investment analysis of±1100 kV and±800 kV lines,configuration scheme of the converter station,and investment estimation of four interconnection schemes are given.

Research on the implementation of West Africa-North Africa grid interconnection using new electricity-water composite transmission technology

Combining the characteristics of the reverse distribution of solar resources and water resources in North Africa,West Africa and the Sahara,this paper proposes the West Africa-North Africa grid interconnection project to realize the optimal configuration of desert solar resources and surrounding water resources,and introduce the water resources of West Africa's Niger River and North Africa's desalinated seawater to improve the living environment and development conditions in the hinterland of the Sahara Desert;build photovoltaic bases along the route to send clean electricity to North Africa and West Africa.This paper studies the transmission channel path,electricity-water composite transmission technology and project scheme,and analyzes the economics of the project and the water supply and demand conditions of the Niger River.The research results show that it is feasible in hydrological characteristics to lead the Niger River water along the power transmission channel that crosses the Sahara Desert,and the new electricity-water composite transmission technology has obvious economic advantages.

Conductor selection and economic analysis of D.R.congo–guinea±800 kV UHVDC transmission project

Africa is embracing new opportunities featured with industrialization,urbanization and regionalization.Based on co-development of‘Electricity,Mining,Metallurgy,Industry and Trade’and grids interconnection proposed by Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization(GEIDCO),the high-quality hydropower resource of the Congo River can be exploited in large scale under the wide-range interconnected framework of African Energy Interconnection(AEI),forging a new engine for Africa economy.The transmission distance of the Congo River hydropower reaches 6,000 km at its farthest end in North Africa,which brings forth challenges to economics of proposed projects.Under this novel continental energy interconnection scheme in Africa,economics of those projects have not yet been in detail studied.This paper has implemented China’s mature engineering experiences and analytical tools of UHVDC project planning into the AEI structure,through exploring the economic behavior of ultra-long distance UHVDC projects in the scope of conductor selection in the Congo River hydropower transmission for the first time,and has provided concerned parties with a technical and analytical results of their economics comparison.This paper has chosen the D.R.Congo-Guinea±800 kV UHVDC project as a typical example.Its preliminary system planning is introduced and three types of conductor are selected for scheme comparison.Later in this paper,the transmission loss,total investment and equivalent annual cost of the project have been calculated and analyzed.In the final part,sensitivity analysis results of the annual cost to utilization hours,transmission loss,loss tariff and construction cost has been provided.

From Independence to Interconnection--A Review of AI Technology Applied in Energy Systems

The development of diversified energy structures,distributed energy scheduling models and active participation ability of users,leads to a rapid movement toward energy system in which different energy carriers and systems interact together in a synergistic way.This energy development will face many challenges with the requirements of big data processing capability,professional skill,distributed collaboration and realtime monitoring for the energy system that demands an intelligent and flexible tool to realize the smart energy.Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has become a focus because of its better performance.This paper proposed a classification method that incorporates the intelligence of an independent energy unit(IEU)and the intelligence among interconnected energy units(IEUS)to review the development of AI technology in energy systems.The dominant structures of IEU can be considered from three aspects including perception,decision and implementation to study the optimal strategy for AI methods utilized in IEU.And considering the interaction relationship of IEUS,the AI applied for it can be described by the coordinated relationship and adversarial relationship problems to achieve consensus.By discussing the AI technologies and the potentials of AI in the energy system,some suggestions are presented to improve intelligent technologies for sustainable energy systems in the future.

A Concept Discussion on Northeast Asia Power Grid Interconnection

Northeast Asia is one of world’s major economic and energy consumption centers.Countries in this region are undergoing rapid economic and social development,and energy security and greenhouse gas emission reduction have become prominent issues.In this region,clean energy resources including hydro,wind,and solar are concentrated in Russia,Mongolia,and Northeast China,whilst electricity load centers are in East China,Korea and Japan.Currently,an energy and electricity model has been developed to project electricity demand through 2030 for each country.Based on the idea of a Global Energy Interconnection,this article proposes to establish a Northeast Asia Grid Interconnection(NEAG),connecting Mongolia,China,Korea,Japan,and Russia with large volumes of transmission lines,in an effort to facilitate optimized resource allocation.The NEAG would be accomplished step by step along with identification of key interconnectors.China is set to play an important role in establishing the NEAG by providing a strong sending grid and necessary technological equipment.Tremendous economic,environmental,and social benefits are expected to be generated by the NEAG.

Review and Outlook of HVDC Grids as Backbone of Transmission System

HVDC technology has undergone many major developments in the past decades,resulting in higher power ratings,increased efficiency,and the availability of effective means for HVDC grid protection.These developments have made overlay HVDC grids a viable option to shift towards a carbon-free power system,by enabling optimal use of renewable resources.In particular,overlay HVDC grids greatly increase the prospect of building(trans-)continental supergrids to facilitate global economic development.However,overlay HVDC grids still encounter challenges due to the distance and amount of power involved.This paper focuses on analyzing the readiness of the current technologies and the challenges associated with overlay HVDC grids.An in-depth analysis is carried out to evaluate the applicability of current technologies for overlay HVDC grids.Based on the review of recent research and development efforts,the gaps and challenges towards the realization of a global HVDC grid are summarized.