Monitoring energy usage of heavy-haul iron ore trains with on-board energy meter for improving energy efficiency

Purpose-For billing purposes,heavy-haul locomotives in Sweden are equipped with on-board energy meters,which can record several parameters,e.g.,used energy,regenerated energy,speed and position.Since there is a strong demand for improving energy efficiency in Sweden,data from the energy meters can be used to obtain a better understanding of the detailed energy usage of heavy-haul trains and identify potential for future improvements.Design/methodology/approach-To monitor energy efficiency,the present study,therefore,develops key performance indicators(KPIs),which can be calculated with energy meter data to reflect the energy efficiency of heavy-haul trains in operation.Energy meter data of IORE class locomotives,hauling highly uniform 30-tonne axle load trains with 68 wagons,together with additional data sources,are analysed to identify significant parameters for describing driver influence on energy usage.Findings-Results show that driver behaviour varies significantly and has the single largest influence on energy usage.Furthermore,parametric studies are performed with help of simulation to identify the influence of different operational and rolling stock conditions,e.g.,axle loads and number of wagons,on energy usage.Originality/value-Based on the parametric studies,some operational parameters which have significant impact on energy efficiency are found and then the KPIs are derived.In the end,some possible measures for improving energy performance in heavy-haul operations are given.

A Novel Bidirectional Interaction Model and Electric Energy Measuring Scheme of EVs for V2G with Distorted Power Loads

With the increasing demand for petroleum resources and environmental issues,new energy electric vehicles are increasingly being used.However,the large number of electric vehicles connected to the grid has brought new challenges to the operation of the grid.Firstly,A novel bidirectional interaction model is established based on modulation theory with nonlinear loads.Then,the electric energy measuring scheme of EVs for V2G is derived under the conditions of distorted power loads.The scheme is composed of fundamental electric energy,fundamental-distorted electric energy,distorted-fundamental electric energy and distorted electric energy.And the characteristics of each electric energy are analyzed.Finally,the correctness of the model and energy measurement method is verified by three simulation cases:the impact signals,the fluctuating signals,and the harmonic signals.

STM32-Based Appliance Analysis and Identification Device

The most generally used technique of load power monitoring is non-intrusive load monitoring, which requires only one device to be mounted on the bus to monitor the current parameters and the working state of various types of appliances within the total load. It is required to investigate a cost-effective non-intrusive load monitoring and identification system that can perform a range of duties such as fault monitoring, energy monitoring, and fault analysis without requiring a significant number of sensing components. Measurement of electrical values of commonly used home appliances during stable operation, followed by feature extraction and electrical feature analysis to identify appliance types, can help residential users understand appliance habits and consciously reduce consumption and losses while enabling fault detection. The STM32F103RCT6 core control chip and the SUI-101 energy metering module are used in this system to monitor and evaluate load characteristics using the Modbus-RTU communication protocol. The active and reactive power of the load is measured and recorded in the learning mode;in the analysis and identification mode, the electrical parameters of the current appliance, such as current, voltage, active power, reactive power, frequency, and power factor, can be displayed in real-time, and the corresponding load can be deduced using binary simulation and the Euclidean distance matching method. The device has a short learning time and good identification accuracy for typical household appliances, according to the system test, and can satisfy the analysis and recognition of electrical appliances in a regular domestic setting. The current device design combines the advantage of cheap cost, low power consumption, and portability, making it a viable alternative for domestic appliance identification and monitoring.

Performance Evaluation of Energy Meters Under Nonlinear Loads

Due to rapid advancements in power electronics, the utilization of electronically switched loads and nonlinear loads is increasing gradually in the electrical power system. These loads create problems of measuring instruments, when connected to the power distribution systems. In this paper, an experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze the performance of single-phase watt-hour(induction and electronic types) energy meters that are being used in Pakistan. The accuracy of the energy meters has been tested under different household nonlinear loads, at various power factors and also at different supply voltage levels. Power factor and total harmonic distortion(THD) of different household loads are also recorded in the experimental work.A hardware based experimental setup has been designed to perform the experimental work. The experimental results have been compared to Water and Power Development Authority(WAPDA) standards for energy meters.