The resonance behaviors of local surface plasmon resonance in Au monomer and dimer are characterized sys- temically by electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope. The measured abs...The resonance behaviors of local surface plasmon resonance in Au monomer and dimer are characterized sys- temically by electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope. The measured absorption range is about 20nm larger than the physical size of the Au nanoparticles and the resonance peak energy shows a red shift when the electron beam passes off the nanoparticles. The Au dimer displays similar behaviors. Numerical simulation also reproduces those experimental results.展开更多
The electromagnetic shift of energy levels of H-atom electrons is determined by calculating an electron coupling to the Gibbons-Hawking ectromagnetic field thermal bath. Energy shift of electrons in H-atom is determin...The electromagnetic shift of energy levels of H-atom electrons is determined by calculating an electron coupling to the Gibbons-Hawking ectromagnetic field thermal bath. Energy shift of electrons in H-atom is determined in the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.展开更多
This paper reports that the K x-ray spectra of the thin target 4TAg, 4sCd, 49In and 50Sn were measured by an HPGe semi-conductor detector in collisions with 84.5 MeV 6C4+ ions. Our experiment revealed the Kα x-ray e...This paper reports that the K x-ray spectra of the thin target 4TAg, 4sCd, 49In and 50Sn were measured by an HPGe semi-conductor detector in collisions with 84.5 MeV 6C4+ ions. Our experiment revealed the Kα x-ray energy shifts were not obvious and the Kβ1 x-ray energy shifts were about 90-110 eV. The simple model of Burch et al has been previously used to calculate the K x-ray energy shifts due to an additional vacancy in 2p orbit. The present work extends the model of Burch to calculate the x-ray energy shifts of multiple ionized atoms induced by heavy ions with kinetic energy of MeV/u. In addition to our experimental results, many other experimental results are compared with the calculated values by using the model.展开更多
In this study, by adopting the ion sphere model, the self-consistent field method is used with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and the Dirac equation to calculate the ground-state energies of H-like Ti at a plasma elec...In this study, by adopting the ion sphere model, the self-consistent field method is used with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and the Dirac equation to calculate the ground-state energies of H-like Ti at a plasma electron density from 10^22 cm^-3 to 10^24 cm^-3 and the electron temperature from 100 eV to 3600 eV. The ground-state energy shifts of H-like Ti show different trends with the electron density and the electron temperature. It is shown that the energy shifts increase with the increase in the electron density and decrease with the increase in the electron temperature. The energy shifts are sensitive to the electron density, but only sensitive to the low electron temperature. In addition, an accurately fitting formula is obtained to fast estimate the ground-state energies of H-like Ti. Such fitted formula can also be used to estimate the critical electron density of pressure ionization for the ground state of H-like Ti.展开更多
The capability of shifting the electricity generation or consumption to proper time of the day,also defined as energy shift(ES),is the key factor to ensure the power balance,especially under high penetration of variab...The capability of shifting the electricity generation or consumption to proper time of the day,also defined as energy shift(ES),is the key factor to ensure the power balance,especially under high penetration of variable renewable energy(VRE).However,the ES is not characterized and traded as an independent product in current market mechanisms.In this letter,the marginal utility of an ES is assessed and leveraged to characterize the effective ES,while a novel market scheme is proposed considering the trading of both ES and energy level(EL).The proposed scheme can well integrate ES producers such as virtual power plants that cannot be rewarded sufficiently to actively participate in the current market because they are principally labeled as EL consumers.Finally,the novel concept and mechanism are illustrated by a numerical study and verified to outperform the existing price schemes on integrating the ES resources and VRE.展开更多
Combined with third generation synchrotron radiation light sources, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with higher energy resolution, brilliance, enhanced surface sensitivity and photoemission cross section in rea...Combined with third generation synchrotron radiation light sources, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with higher energy resolution, brilliance, enhanced surface sensitivity and photoemission cross section in real time found extensive applications in solid-gas interface chemistry. This paper reports the calculation of the core-level binding energy shifts (CLS) using the first-principles density functional theory. The interplay between the CLS calculations and XPS measurements to uncover the structures, adsorption sites and chemical reactions in complex surface chemical processes are highlight. Its application on clean low index (111) and vicinal transition metal surfaces, molecular adsorption in terms of sites and configuration, and reaction kinetics are domonstrated.展开更多
In a Kerr nonlinear blackbody, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helieities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into a different kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The present pap...In a Kerr nonlinear blackbody, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helieities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into a different kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The present paper investigates the influence of a single frequency electromagnetic wave on the energy spectrum of the nonpolariton system. We find that the wave can lead to an energy shift of nonpolaritons. Moreover, we calculate the first-order energy shift on certain conditions.展开更多
A series of “H-shaped” organic dimers (azobenzene derivatives) exhibit linear absorption red shift compared with their corresponding monomers experimentally. Dipolar interaction model is not appropriate for the az...A series of “H-shaped” organic dimers (azobenzene derivatives) exhibit linear absorption red shift compared with their corresponding monomers experimentally. Dipolar interaction model is not appropriate for the azobenzene derivatives due to the small distance between two “D-π-A” chains. Energy transfer model is suggested for explanation of the absorption red shift. Two necessary conditions for energy transfer were verified. In addition, bi-exponential florescence-delay behavior of the dimer as well as Bella's quantum chemistry calculation shows evidence of energy transfer.展开更多
We study s-wave pion-pion scattering length in lattice QCD for pion masses ranging from 330 MeV to 466 MeV. In the "Asqtad" improved staggered fermion formulation, we measure full ππ four-point correlators for iso...We study s-wave pion-pion scattering length in lattice QCD for pion masses ranging from 330 MeV to 466 MeV. In the "Asqtad" improved staggered fermion formulation, we measure full ππ four-point correlators for isospin I = 0 and 2 channels, and use chiral perturbation theory at next-to-leading order to extrapolate our simulation results. Extrapolating to the physical pion mass yields scattering lengths as mna01=2 = -0.041 6(2) and mna01= 0.186(2) for isospin I = 2 and 0 channels, respectively. Our lattice simulation for ππ scattering length in I = 0 channel is an exploratory study, where we include the disconnected contribution, and our preliminary result is near to its experimental value. These simulations are carried out with MILC 2 + 1 flavor gauge configurations at lattice spacing a ≈0.15 fm.展开更多
The energy level shifts of hydrogen in the space curved by the intense short laser pulses are studied. It shows that for present power level of laser pulses, the magnitude of the energy level shifts in a highly ex...The energy level shifts of hydrogen in the space curved by the intense short laser pulses are studied. It shows that for present power level of laser pulses, the magnitude of the energy level shifts in a highly excited hydrogen atom is detectable.展开更多
The beam energy is measured in the e^+e^- collision by using Compton backscattering. The uncertainty of this measurement process is studied by virtue of analytical formulas, and the special effects of variant energy ...The beam energy is measured in the e^+e^- collision by using Compton backscattering. The uncertainty of this measurement process is studied by virtue of analytical formulas, and the special effects of variant energy spread and energy drift on the systematic uncertainty estimation are also studied with the Monte Carlo sampling technique. These quantitative conclusions are especially important for understanding the uncertainty of the beam energy measurement system.展开更多
We deliver the realistic ab initio lattice investigations of KK^- scattering. In the Asqtad-improved staggered dynamical fermion formulation, we carefully measure KK^- four-point function in the I=0 channel by moving ...We deliver the realistic ab initio lattice investigations of KK^- scattering. In the Asqtad-improved staggered dynamical fermion formulation, we carefully measure KK^- four-point function in the I=0 channel by moving wall sources without gauge fixing, and clearly find an attractive interaction in this channel, which is in agreement with the theoretical predictions. An essential ingredient in our lattice calculation is to properly treat the disconnected diagram. Moreover, we explain the difficulties of these lattice calculations, and discuss the way to improve the statistics. Our lattice investigations are carried out with the MILC 2 + 1 gauge configuration at lattice spacing a ≈ 0.15 fro.展开更多
Soon after the signing of the nuclear deal,foreign companies rushed to Iran to revive their businesses.Sanctions had been imposed on the Islamic Republic post-1979 revolution and soon after expanded in 1995.During the...Soon after the signing of the nuclear deal,foreign companies rushed to Iran to revive their businesses.Sanctions had been imposed on the Islamic Republic post-1979 revolution and soon after expanded in 1995.During the years of sanctions,Iran had to a large extent become self-reliant with no major developments,yet continued to sustain itself to be a promising economy.However,diversification has not changed the face of the country as it remains largely dependent on hydrocarbons.The contention in this article is that the ease of US sanctions on Iran,will see an energy shift that will realign the regional balance of power vis-a-vis other players like Saudi Arabia.The article further evaluates how the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)’s concern for the Gas Exporting Countries Forum(GECF),asserting itself as a power,that would dictate future energy share and pricing.GECF accounts for 67%of the world’s proven gas reserves and 64%of global LNG exports.The article will also attempt to identify Qatar’s position,if at all it wishes to facilitate Iran in achieving a gas exporter status.Finally,the article will attempt to analyze Iran in the GECF and whether it can work alongside other gas majors.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2013CB932904 and 2012CB932302the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11274365
文摘The resonance behaviors of local surface plasmon resonance in Au monomer and dimer are characterized sys- temically by electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope. The measured absorption range is about 20nm larger than the physical size of the Au nanoparticles and the resonance peak energy shows a red shift when the electron beam passes off the nanoparticles. The Au dimer displays similar behaviors. Numerical simulation also reproduces those experimental results.
文摘The electromagnetic shift of energy levels of H-atom electrons is determined by calculating an electron coupling to the Gibbons-Hawking ectromagnetic field thermal bath. Energy shift of electrons in H-atom is determined in the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10774149)
文摘This paper reports that the K x-ray spectra of the thin target 4TAg, 4sCd, 49In and 50Sn were measured by an HPGe semi-conductor detector in collisions with 84.5 MeV 6C4+ ions. Our experiment revealed the Kα x-ray energy shifts were not obvious and the Kβ1 x-ray energy shifts were about 90-110 eV. The simple model of Burch et al has been previously used to calculate the K x-ray energy shifts due to an additional vacancy in 2p orbit. The present work extends the model of Burch to calculate the x-ray energy shifts of multiple ionized atoms induced by heavy ions with kinetic energy of MeV/u. In addition to our experimental results, many other experimental results are compared with the calculated values by using the model.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10274089)
文摘In this study, by adopting the ion sphere model, the self-consistent field method is used with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and the Dirac equation to calculate the ground-state energies of H-like Ti at a plasma electron density from 10^22 cm^-3 to 10^24 cm^-3 and the electron temperature from 100 eV to 3600 eV. The ground-state energy shifts of H-like Ti show different trends with the electron density and the electron temperature. It is shown that the energy shifts increase with the increase in the electron density and decrease with the increase in the electron temperature. The energy shifts are sensitive to the electron density, but only sensitive to the low electron temperature. In addition, an accurately fitting formula is obtained to fast estimate the ground-state energies of H-like Ti. Such fitted formula can also be used to estimate the critical electron density of pressure ionization for the ground state of H-like Ti.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE0122600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877134).
文摘The capability of shifting the electricity generation or consumption to proper time of the day,also defined as energy shift(ES),is the key factor to ensure the power balance,especially under high penetration of variable renewable energy(VRE).However,the ES is not characterized and traded as an independent product in current market mechanisms.In this letter,the marginal utility of an ES is assessed and leveraged to characterize the effective ES,while a novel market scheme is proposed considering the trading of both ES and energy level(EL).The proposed scheme can well integrate ES producers such as virtual power plants that cannot be rewarded sufficiently to actively participate in the current market because they are principally labeled as EL consumers.Finally,the novel concept and mechanism are illustrated by a numerical study and verified to outperform the existing price schemes on integrating the ES resources and VRE.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20733008, 20873142)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815205)
文摘Combined with third generation synchrotron radiation light sources, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with higher energy resolution, brilliance, enhanced surface sensitivity and photoemission cross section in real time found extensive applications in solid-gas interface chemistry. This paper reports the calculation of the core-level binding energy shifts (CLS) using the first-principles density functional theory. The interplay between the CLS calculations and XPS measurements to uncover the structures, adsorption sites and chemical reactions in complex surface chemical processes are highlight. Its application on clean low index (111) and vicinal transition metal surfaces, molecular adsorption in terms of sites and configuration, and reaction kinetics are domonstrated.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10174024 and 10474025
文摘In a Kerr nonlinear blackbody, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helieities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into a different kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The present paper investigates the influence of a single frequency electromagnetic wave on the energy spectrum of the nonpolariton system. We find that the wave can lead to an energy shift of nonpolaritons. Moreover, we calculate the first-order energy shift on certain conditions.
文摘A series of “H-shaped” organic dimers (azobenzene derivatives) exhibit linear absorption red shift compared with their corresponding monomers experimentally. Dipolar interaction model is not appropriate for the azobenzene derivatives due to the small distance between two “D-π-A” chains. Energy transfer model is suggested for explanation of the absorption red shift. Two necessary conditions for energy transfer were verified. In addition, bi-exponential florescence-delay behavior of the dimer as well as Bella's quantum chemistry calculation shows evidence of energy transfer.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 2010SCU23002the Startup Grant fromthe Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology of Sichuan University
文摘We study s-wave pion-pion scattering length in lattice QCD for pion masses ranging from 330 MeV to 466 MeV. In the "Asqtad" improved staggered fermion formulation, we measure full ππ four-point correlators for isospin I = 0 and 2 channels, and use chiral perturbation theory at next-to-leading order to extrapolate our simulation results. Extrapolating to the physical pion mass yields scattering lengths as mna01=2 = -0.041 6(2) and mna01= 0.186(2) for isospin I = 2 and 0 channels, respectively. Our lattice simulation for ππ scattering length in I = 0 channel is an exploratory study, where we include the disconnected contribution, and our preliminary result is near to its experimental value. These simulations are carried out with MILC 2 + 1 flavor gauge configurations at lattice spacing a ≈0.15 fm.
文摘The energy level shifts of hydrogen in the space curved by the intense short laser pulses are studied. It shows that for present power level of laser pulses, the magnitude of the energy level shifts in a highly excited hydrogen atom is detectable.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11375206,10775142,10825524,11125525,11235011)
文摘The beam energy is measured in the e^+e^- collision by using Compton backscattering. The uncertainty of this measurement process is studied by virtue of analytical formulas, and the special effects of variant energy spread and energy drift on the systematic uncertainty estimation are also studied with the Monte Carlo sampling technique. These quantitative conclusions are especially important for understanding the uncertainty of the beam energy measurement system.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2010SCU23002
文摘We deliver the realistic ab initio lattice investigations of KK^- scattering. In the Asqtad-improved staggered dynamical fermion formulation, we carefully measure KK^- four-point function in the I=0 channel by moving wall sources without gauge fixing, and clearly find an attractive interaction in this channel, which is in agreement with the theoretical predictions. An essential ingredient in our lattice calculation is to properly treat the disconnected diagram. Moreover, we explain the difficulties of these lattice calculations, and discuss the way to improve the statistics. Our lattice investigations are carried out with the MILC 2 + 1 gauge configuration at lattice spacing a ≈ 0.15 fro.
文摘Soon after the signing of the nuclear deal,foreign companies rushed to Iran to revive their businesses.Sanctions had been imposed on the Islamic Republic post-1979 revolution and soon after expanded in 1995.During the years of sanctions,Iran had to a large extent become self-reliant with no major developments,yet continued to sustain itself to be a promising economy.However,diversification has not changed the face of the country as it remains largely dependent on hydrocarbons.The contention in this article is that the ease of US sanctions on Iran,will see an energy shift that will realign the regional balance of power vis-a-vis other players like Saudi Arabia.The article further evaluates how the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)’s concern for the Gas Exporting Countries Forum(GECF),asserting itself as a power,that would dictate future energy share and pricing.GECF accounts for 67%of the world’s proven gas reserves and 64%of global LNG exports.The article will also attempt to identify Qatar’s position,if at all it wishes to facilitate Iran in achieving a gas exporter status.Finally,the article will attempt to analyze Iran in the GECF and whether it can work alongside other gas majors.