The DS-1 catalyst for energy-saving natural gas steam reforming was preparedby using potash as a carbon-resistant additive and adding rare earth oxide. The catalystdemonstrated good reducibility, carbon resistance, ac...The DS-1 catalyst for energy-saving natural gas steam reforming was preparedby using potash as a carbon-resistant additive and adding rare earth oxide. The catalystdemonstrated good reducibility, carbon resistance, activity and stability in aging tests and 500 hstability tests at low water/carbon ratios.展开更多
The present paper shows how the Schuster Schwarzschild method developed originally inastrophysics can be adopted to simulate the performance of the primary reforming furnace in an am-monia plant.This method facilitate...The present paper shows how the Schuster Schwarzschild method developed originally inastrophysics can be adopted to simulate the performance of the primary reforming furnace in an am-monia plant.This method facilitates the simulation of heat transfer and reaction in the furnace andimproves the computational efficiency.Simulation analysis is carried out to find ways of saving ener-gy.Appropriate reduction in fuel gas loading and partially shifting of the reforming load from theprimary to the secondary reformer by regulating the operating conditions can result in substantial en-ergy saving.Optimization calculations with various objective functions and constraints required areperformed.The optimization results may serve as guideline for plant operation and control.展开更多
China’s ballooning current account surplus has caused a plethora of adverse effects on the healthy development of its economy.Based on an in-depth analysis of the contributory factors to the swelling current account ...China’s ballooning current account surplus has caused a plethora of adverse effects on the healthy development of its economy.Based on an in-depth analysis of the contributory factors to the swelling current account surplus,this paper purports to demonstrate theoretically and empirically that while the chronic savings-consumption imbalance is an important contributor to China’s huge trade surplus,the fundamental underlying contributor is the income structure and savings structure imbalance stemming from the disproportionate increase in retained earnings relative to stagnant wage bills.Corporate retained earnings keep growing rapidly because corporate profit margins are"overstated"and state-owned enterprises"do not pay dividends."Only when these issues are resolved at the institutional level can the savings rate be reduced to an appropriate level with domestic demand boosted to eliminate excess trade surpluses and fundamentally fix internal and external economic imbalances.展开更多
文摘The DS-1 catalyst for energy-saving natural gas steam reforming was preparedby using potash as a carbon-resistant additive and adding rare earth oxide. The catalystdemonstrated good reducibility, carbon resistance, activity and stability in aging tests and 500 hstability tests at low water/carbon ratios.
文摘The present paper shows how the Schuster Schwarzschild method developed originally inastrophysics can be adopted to simulate the performance of the primary reforming furnace in an am-monia plant.This method facilitates the simulation of heat transfer and reaction in the furnace andimproves the computational efficiency.Simulation analysis is carried out to find ways of saving ener-gy.Appropriate reduction in fuel gas loading and partially shifting of the reforming load from theprimary to the secondary reformer by regulating the operating conditions can result in substantial en-ergy saving.Optimization calculations with various objective functions and constraints required areperformed.The optimization results may serve as guideline for plant operation and control.
基金funded and supported by the China Reform Foundation and the Ministry of Commerce
文摘China’s ballooning current account surplus has caused a plethora of adverse effects on the healthy development of its economy.Based on an in-depth analysis of the contributory factors to the swelling current account surplus,this paper purports to demonstrate theoretically and empirically that while the chronic savings-consumption imbalance is an important contributor to China’s huge trade surplus,the fundamental underlying contributor is the income structure and savings structure imbalance stemming from the disproportionate increase in retained earnings relative to stagnant wage bills.Corporate retained earnings keep growing rapidly because corporate profit margins are"overstated"and state-owned enterprises"do not pay dividends."Only when these issues are resolved at the institutional level can the savings rate be reduced to an appropriate level with domestic demand boosted to eliminate excess trade surpluses and fundamentally fix internal and external economic imbalances.
