This study provides an overview of the production and classification of metallurgical slag and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry and an analysis of the impact of key fact...This study provides an overview of the production and classification of metallurgical slag and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry and an analysis of the impact of key factors on slag processing technology, including a brief account of blast furnace（BF） slag processing and applications with a focus on the steel slag disposal processes and the features of some typical processes. In view of the characteristics of the basic oxygen furnace （BOF） slag and the technical difficulties faced by the traditional processes,it describes the principle,features and technical advantages of the Baosteel short-flow （BSSF） steel slag treatment process developed by Baosteel. The thinking and outlook on the direction of the development of the metallurgical slag processing process are stated.展开更多
Based on the target of energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER)in the national five-year plan in China,an extended directional distance function model(E-DDF)including undesirable input and undesirable output is prop...Based on the target of energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER)in the national five-year plan in China,an extended directional distance function model(E-DDF)including undesirable input and undesirable output is proposed,and energy-saving efficiency,emission reduction efficiency,ESER efficiency are defined.Then the weighted directional distance function model is constructed for the total factors efficiency index model of ESER to reflect its dynamic change.The results show that the ESER efficiency continues to rise during the three five-year plan periods(2006-2017),and the efficiency score of the east area are higher than those of central and west area.The disparity and change of energy-saving efficiency among difference regions are not obvious,but the disparity and change of emission reduction efficiency are the main reasons for the improvement and change of ESER efficiency index.In the long run,the ESER efficiency is in a dynamic upward trend,and the effect of technological progress is more obvious compared with technical efficient index.展开更多
The highway construction industry plays an important role in economic and development, but is also a primary source of carbon emission. Accordingly, with the global climate change, energy conservation and reduction of...The highway construction industry plays an important role in economic and development, but is also a primary source of carbon emission. Accordingly, with the global climate change, energy conservation and reduction of carbon emissions have become critical is- sues in the highway construction industry. However, to date, a model for the highway construction industry has not been established. Hence, to implement a low-carbon con- struction model for highways, this study divided asphalt pavement construction into aggregate stacking, aggregate supply, and other stages, and compiled a list of energy consumption investigation. An appropriate calculation model of CO2 emission was then built. Based on the carbon emission calculation model, the proportion of carbon emissions in each stage was analyzed. The analytic hierarchy process was used to establish the system of asphalt pavement construction with a judgment matrix, thereby enabling calculation of the weight coefficient of each link. In addition, the stages of aggregate heating, asphalt heating, and asphalt mixture mixing were defined as key stages of asphalt pavement construction. Carbon emissions at these stages accounted for approximately 90% of the total carbon emissions. Carbon emissions at each stage and their impact on the environment were quantified and compared. The energy saving construction schemes as well as the environmental and socioeconomic benefits were then proposed. Through these schemes, significant reductions in carbon emissions and costs can be achieved. The results indicate that carbon emissions reduce by 32.30% and 35.93%, whereas costs reduce by 18.58% and 6.03%. The proposed energy-saving and emission reduction scheme can pro- vide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of low-carbon highway construction.展开更多
This paper prescribes a movable voltage-variable and frequency-variable on-shore power supply system which successfully provides on-shore power for container vessel on port. The high voltage power supply (10 kV/50 Hz/...This paper prescribes a movable voltage-variable and frequency-variable on-shore power supply system which successfully provides on-shore power for container vessel on port. The high voltage power supply (10 kV/50 Hz/2 000 kVA) for the quay cranes is used for the power input of the system, after frequency and voltage converting (450 V/60 Hz), then putting out and supplying to vessel. This system is flexible with positive effect on energy-saving and emission reduction; besides, there's no requirement of civil reconstruction to container terminals, which is suitable for the busy ports in China.展开更多
Low Carbon Employment is an inevitable choice for the purpose of ＂energy-saving and emission reduction＂ and ＂promoting employment＂. By Multi-variable Linear Backward Regression method, this study presents an empir...Low Carbon Employment is an inevitable choice for the purpose of ＂energy-saving and emission reduction＂ and ＂promoting employment＂. By Multi-variable Linear Backward Regression method, this study presents an empirical analysis of the emplovment impact of policy variables indexes that involves economic pull, industry upgrading, population development, technical inputs and so on. The paper demonstrates that wide range offactors will affect low carbon employment, that industry upgrading will affect how carbon employment remarkably, that to increase years of people education will notably improve low carbon employment level of secondary vocational-technical labor, and that to raise technical inputs will significantly enhance college students＇ low carbon employment.展开更多
Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple fa...Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple factors.In order to address the complexity of factors affecting the direct carbon emissions from rural household,this study used a structural equation model to examine the effect of multi-factor variables on direct carbon emissions from rural households in central China.Data were collected using questionnaires and surveys in six cities in central China to reflect the daily reality of rural residents.The results show that quality of life and awareness of energy conservation can affect the direct carbon emissions of rural residents.Family characteristics and awareness of energy conservation affected carbon emissions indirectly by affecting the daily behaviors and quality of life of the residents;consumption characteristics,energy-saving behaviors,and energy conservation policies are not the main factors contributing to the direct carbon emissions of the residents.Based on the results,future studies can focus on energy conservation education,improvement of the living habits,coal energy use efficiency,and energy consumption structure of residences.展开更多
In order to assess the performance of a new cleansing and combustion-improving gasoline additive （MAZ）, and to explore the evaluation methods of additives, two engines with the same model number and performance indi...In order to assess the performance of a new cleansing and combustion-improving gasoline additive （MAZ）, and to explore the evaluation methods of additives, two engines with the same model number and performance indices, fueled with and without the MAZ gasoline additive respectively, are carried through 100 h strenuous tests on a bench. The results obtained in full load characteristic and load characteristics of different operational modes are compared. It indicates that the power, economy and emission of the engine fueled with the MAZ additive all have obvious improvement in comparison with the engine without adding the additive： the power increasing by 16.43%, specific fuel consumption （SFC） decreasing 5.39%, and the emission of CO, HC and NOx falling by 28.61%, 54.38% and 10.1% respectively. Wear and tear of the engine cylinder is weakened, and sediment of combustion chamber inner side is reduced. In addition, no negative effect on the catalytic conversion device is found.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of star-rated hotels in China, especially high- end star-rated hotels. Consequently, there are now approximately12 000 hotels in China. One bottleneck within the industr...Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of star-rated hotels in China, especially high- end star-rated hotels. Consequently, there are now approximately12 000 hotels in China. One bottleneck within the industry is its huge energy consumption and carbon emissions, but the development of a comprehensive energy consumption assessment has lagged. Here, a comprehensive energy consumption and carbon emission model suitable for hospitality is established, using comprehensive data collected for hotels over six years and with reference to general international methods, decomposition analysis methods as recommended by the IPCC, and related standards in China. Our study shows that the maximum comparable unit energy consumption per building area among four- and five-star hotels is 73.26 kg ce m-2 y-l. Through energy-saving reconstruction, the comprehensive energy consumption of five-star hotels has declined by 4.1% in six years and is smaller than the advanced comparable value of 55 kg ce m2 y4. The comparable unit energy consumption per area building of most two- and three-star hotels （53 kg ce m2 y-l） is higher than the reasonable value. There are large numbers of hotels of this type in China and the potential energy savings are huge. Analyzing factors of energy consumption, we found that indirect carbon emissions from electricity usage are the most significant. From an energy consumption structural perspective, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning （HVAC） System accounts for most energy consumption. This research provides a foundation for further examination of energy-savings, emission reduction plans and Monitoring Reporting Verification （MRV） in the hospitality sector.展开更多
It summarizes the recognition of clean steel through the reviews the historical development and production practices of clean steel of Ansteel in this paper.The technological characteristic,equipment,controlling capab...It summarizes the recognition of clean steel through the reviews the historical development and production practices of clean steel of Ansteel in this paper.The technological characteristic,equipment,controlling capability and new exploratory of clean steel production of Ansteel are introduced.It has also made a new appraisal to the production line of different clean steel from the angle of high efficiency,stabilization and low-cost.The prospects of new production technology of clean steel are introduced at the end of the paper.展开更多
The cordierite-ferrites based infrared radiation composite materials were synthesized with Fe2O3, Mn O2, Cu O, Co2O3, and Mg2Al4Si5O18 powders as raw materials via microwave heating. The cordierite-ferrites based comp...The cordierite-ferrites based infrared radiation composite materials were synthesized with Fe2O3, Mn O2, Cu O, Co2O3, and Mg2Al4Si5O18 powders as raw materials via microwave heating. The cordierite-ferrites based composite ceramics could be obtained via microwave heating at 1173 K for 1 h or 1473 K for 10 min, respectively. The lower synthesis temperature or the shorter heating time results in the smaller grain size of the composite ceramics obtained by microwave heating. The interplanar distance of cordierite becomes greater after microwave heating, indicating that the doping effect of transitional metal oxides on the cordierite is more efficient in microwave heating. The infrared radiation composite ceramics synthesized by microwave heating at 1473 K for 1 h exhibit the maximum emissivity of 0.9 in the band range of 6-8 μm at 1073 K.展开更多
文摘This study provides an overview of the production and classification of metallurgical slag and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry and an analysis of the impact of key factors on slag processing technology, including a brief account of blast furnace（BF） slag processing and applications with a focus on the steel slag disposal processes and the features of some typical processes. In view of the characteristics of the basic oxygen furnace （BOF） slag and the technical difficulties faced by the traditional processes,it describes the principle,features and technical advantages of the Baosteel short-flow （BSSF） steel slag treatment process developed by Baosteel. The thinking and outlook on the direction of the development of the metallurgical slag processing process are stated.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.18BTJ003).
文摘Based on the target of energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER)in the national five-year plan in China,an extended directional distance function model(E-DDF)including undesirable input and undesirable output is proposed,and energy-saving efficiency,emission reduction efficiency,ESER efficiency are defined.Then the weighted directional distance function model is constructed for the total factors efficiency index model of ESER to reflect its dynamic change.The results show that the ESER efficiency continues to rise during the three five-year plan periods(2006-2017),and the efficiency score of the east area are higher than those of central and west area.The disparity and change of energy-saving efficiency among difference regions are not obvious,but the disparity and change of emission reduction efficiency are the main reasons for the improvement and change of ESER efficiency index.In the long run,the ESER efficiency is in a dynamic upward trend,and the effect of technological progress is more obvious compared with technical efficient index.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2011JM7001)Communications Scientific Research Project of Gansu Province (201227)
文摘The highway construction industry plays an important role in economic and development, but is also a primary source of carbon emission. Accordingly, with the global climate change, energy conservation and reduction of carbon emissions have become critical is- sues in the highway construction industry. However, to date, a model for the highway construction industry has not been established. Hence, to implement a low-carbon con- struction model for highways, this study divided asphalt pavement construction into aggregate stacking, aggregate supply, and other stages, and compiled a list of energy consumption investigation. An appropriate calculation model of CO2 emission was then built. Based on the carbon emission calculation model, the proportion of carbon emissions in each stage was analyzed. The analytic hierarchy process was used to establish the system of asphalt pavement construction with a judgment matrix, thereby enabling calculation of the weight coefficient of each link. In addition, the stages of aggregate heating, asphalt heating, and asphalt mixture mixing were defined as key stages of asphalt pavement construction. Carbon emissions at these stages accounted for approximately 90% of the total carbon emissions. Carbon emissions at each stage and their impact on the environment were quantified and compared. The energy saving construction schemes as well as the environmental and socioeconomic benefits were then proposed. Through these schemes, significant reductions in carbon emissions and costs can be achieved. The results indicate that carbon emissions reduce by 32.30% and 35.93%, whereas costs reduce by 18.58% and 6.03%. The proposed energy-saving and emission reduction scheme can pro- vide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of low-carbon highway construction.
文摘This paper prescribes a movable voltage-variable and frequency-variable on-shore power supply system which successfully provides on-shore power for container vessel on port. The high voltage power supply (10 kV/50 Hz/2 000 kVA) for the quay cranes is used for the power input of the system, after frequency and voltage converting (450 V/60 Hz), then putting out and supplying to vessel. This system is flexible with positive effect on energy-saving and emission reduction; besides, there's no requirement of civil reconstruction to container terminals, which is suitable for the busy ports in China.
文摘Low Carbon Employment is an inevitable choice for the purpose of ＂energy-saving and emission reduction＂ and ＂promoting employment＂. By Multi-variable Linear Backward Regression method, this study presents an empirical analysis of the emplovment impact of policy variables indexes that involves economic pull, industry upgrading, population development, technical inputs and so on. The paper demonstrates that wide range offactors will affect low carbon employment, that industry upgrading will affect how carbon employment remarkably, that to increase years of people education will notably improve low carbon employment level of secondary vocational-technical labor, and that to raise technical inputs will significantly enhance college students＇ low carbon employment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71573015,71521002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0602801).
文摘Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple factors.In order to address the complexity of factors affecting the direct carbon emissions from rural household,this study used a structural equation model to examine the effect of multi-factor variables on direct carbon emissions from rural households in central China.Data were collected using questionnaires and surveys in six cities in central China to reflect the daily reality of rural residents.The results show that quality of life and awareness of energy conservation can affect the direct carbon emissions of rural residents.Family characteristics and awareness of energy conservation affected carbon emissions indirectly by affecting the daily behaviors and quality of life of the residents;consumption characteristics,energy-saving behaviors,and energy conservation policies are not the main factors contributing to the direct carbon emissions of the residents.Based on the results,future studies can focus on energy conservation education,improvement of the living habits,coal energy use efficiency,and energy consumption structure of residences.
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China and Provincial Environmental Protection Science Foundation of Guangdong, China(No.320-D3800).
文摘In order to assess the performance of a new cleansing and combustion-improving gasoline additive （MAZ）, and to explore the evaluation methods of additives, two engines with the same model number and performance indices, fueled with and without the MAZ gasoline additive respectively, are carried through 100 h strenuous tests on a bench. The results obtained in full load characteristic and load characteristics of different operational modes are compared. It indicates that the power, economy and emission of the engine fueled with the MAZ additive all have obvious improvement in comparison with the engine without adding the additive： the power increasing by 16.43%, specific fuel consumption （SFC） decreasing 5.39%, and the emission of CO, HC and NOx falling by 28.61%, 54.38% and 10.1% respectively. Wear and tear of the engine cylinder is weakened, and sediment of combustion chamber inner side is reduced. In addition, no negative effect on the catalytic conversion device is found.
基金Key Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.J50402)Key Research of Shanghai Institute of Tourism(No.RS2015-B3)
文摘Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of star-rated hotels in China, especially high- end star-rated hotels. Consequently, there are now approximately12 000 hotels in China. One bottleneck within the industry is its huge energy consumption and carbon emissions, but the development of a comprehensive energy consumption assessment has lagged. Here, a comprehensive energy consumption and carbon emission model suitable for hospitality is established, using comprehensive data collected for hotels over six years and with reference to general international methods, decomposition analysis methods as recommended by the IPCC, and related standards in China. Our study shows that the maximum comparable unit energy consumption per building area among four- and five-star hotels is 73.26 kg ce m-2 y-l. Through energy-saving reconstruction, the comprehensive energy consumption of five-star hotels has declined by 4.1% in six years and is smaller than the advanced comparable value of 55 kg ce m2 y4. The comparable unit energy consumption per area building of most two- and three-star hotels （53 kg ce m2 y-l） is higher than the reasonable value. There are large numbers of hotels of this type in China and the potential energy savings are huge. Analyzing factors of energy consumption, we found that indirect carbon emissions from electricity usage are the most significant. From an energy consumption structural perspective, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning （HVAC） System accounts for most energy consumption. This research provides a foundation for further examination of energy-savings, emission reduction plans and Monitoring Reporting Verification （MRV） in the hospitality sector.
文摘It summarizes the recognition of clean steel through the reviews the historical development and production practices of clean steel of Ansteel in this paper.The technological characteristic,equipment,controlling capability and new exploratory of clean steel production of Ansteel are introduced.It has also made a new appraisal to the production line of different clean steel from the angle of high efficiency,stabilization and low-cost.The prospects of new production technology of clean steel are introduced at the end of the paper.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11074195)Technology Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province (No. SBC201310656)Technology Innovation Fund of Zhangjiagang City (No. ZKC1205)
文摘The cordierite-ferrites based infrared radiation composite materials were synthesized with Fe2O3, Mn O2, Cu O, Co2O3, and Mg2Al4Si5O18 powders as raw materials via microwave heating. The cordierite-ferrites based composite ceramics could be obtained via microwave heating at 1173 K for 1 h or 1473 K for 10 min, respectively. The lower synthesis temperature or the shorter heating time results in the smaller grain size of the composite ceramics obtained by microwave heating. The interplanar distance of cordierite becomes greater after microwave heating, indicating that the doping effect of transitional metal oxides on the cordierite is more efficient in microwave heating. The infrared radiation composite ceramics synthesized by microwave heating at 1473 K for 1 h exhibit the maximum emissivity of 0.9 in the band range of 6-8 μm at 1073 K.
