The development of slag processing technology and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry

This study provides an overview of the production and classification of metallurgical slag and its impact on energy-saving and emission reduction in the metallurgical industry and an analysis of the impact of key factors on slag processing technology, including a brief account of blast furnace（BF） slag processing and applications with a focus on the steel slag disposal processes and the features of some typical processes. In view of the characteristics of the basic oxygen furnace （BOF） slag and the technical difficulties faced by the traditional processes,it describes the principle,features and technical advantages of the Baosteel short-flow （BSSF） steel slag treatment process developed by Baosteel. The thinking and outlook on the direction of the development of the metallurgical slag processing process are stated.

Assessing China’s regional efficiency of energy-saving and emission reduction using the target orientation approach of extended DDF model

Based on the target of energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER)in the national five-year plan in China,an extended directional distance function model(E-DDF)including undesirable input and undesirable output is proposed,and energy-saving efficiency,emission reduction efficiency,ESER efficiency are defined.Then the weighted directional distance function model is constructed for the total factors efficiency index model of ESER to reflect its dynamic change.The results show that the ESER efficiency continues to rise during the three five-year plan periods(2006-2017),and the efficiency score of the east area are higher than those of central and west area.The disparity and change of energy-saving efficiency among difference regions are not obvious,but the disparity and change of emission reduction efficiency are the main reasons for the improvement and change of ESER efficiency index.In the long run,the ESER efficiency is in a dynamic upward trend,and the effect of technological progress is more obvious compared with technical efficient index.

Screw placement is everything: Risk factors for loss of reduction with volar locking distal radius plates

AIM To determine factors correlated with postoperative radial shortening in patients with distal radius fractures treated with volar locking distal radius plates.METHODS A total of 250 patients with a distal radius fracture stabilised with volar locking plates between January 2010 and December 2014 were included in a multicentre retrospective cohort study. We measured the distance of the distal locking screws to the joint line immediately postoperatively and then measured radial shortening after six to eight weeks using the change in ulnar variance.RESULTS Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant linear association between the distance of the screws from the joint line and radial shortening. No other patient, injury, or treatment-related characteristic significantly influenced radial shortening in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Distal locking screws should be placed as close as possible to the subchondral joint line to prevent postoperative loss of reduction.

Fuzzy-GA based algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) for loss reduction of distribution network considering reconfiguration

This work presents a fuzzy based methodology for distribution system feeder reconfiguration considering DSTATCOM with an objective of minimizing real power loss and operating cost. Installation costs of DSTATCOM devices and the cost of system operation, namely, energy loss cost due to both reconfiguration and DSTATCOM placement, are combined to form the objective function to be minimized. The distribution system tie switches, DSTATCOM location and size have been optimally determined to obtain an appropriate operational condition. In the proposed approach, the fuzzy membership function of loss sensitivity is used for the selection of weak nodes in the power system for the placement of DSTATCOM and the optimal parameter settings of the DFACTS device along with optimal selection of tie switches in reconfiguration process are governed by genetic algorithm(GA). Simulation results on IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus test systems concluded that the combinatorial method using DSTATCOM and reconfiguration is preferable to reduce power losses to 34.44% for 33-bus system and to 45.43% for 69-bus system.

基于Triplet Loss和KNN的非侵入式未知负荷识别

针对在接入新负荷时传统非侵入式负荷识别算法会产生误分类的问题,提出一种基于三元组损失(Triplet Loss)和KNN的非侵入式未知负荷识别算法。首先,采用负荷稳态运行时的电流、电压构造多特征融合的彩色V-I轨迹图像;然后,挖掘在线的Semi-Hard样本对,使用Triplet Loss训练神经网络,并得到各样本的特征向量;最后,对特征向量进行PCA降维,并基于类中心构造邻域,使用KNN算法来进行负荷识别。使用PLAID、COOLL数据集对所提算法进行测试。测试结果表明,所提的负荷识别算法在已知类别负荷的分类和未知负荷的识别方面均有较高的准确率。

The Need for Awareness of Drinking Water Loss Reduction for Sustainable Water Resource Management in Rwanda

Drinking water loss or Non-Revenue Water (NRW) threatens the financial viability of water utilities and sustainable natural water resource management. However, little attention has been paid to quantitative assessment of the spatial distribution of water losses in Rwanda. Therefore, this study focused on the magnitude of water losses, the associated environmental and socio-economic consequences, as well as the potential benefits from water loss reduction in Rwanda. Based on water usage records from the Water and Sanitation Corporation (WASAC) of Rwanda, NRW was calculated for 15 WASAC branches and Provinces, from July 2013 to June 2014, by using the International Water Association (IWA) standard water balance approach. The results highlight an annual NRW of 16,502,198 or 41% of the total water produced, inducing a revenue loss of US$ 8,713,156. In 14 of the 15 WASAC water branches and all Rwandan provinces, the NRW ratios exceed the NRW threshold (10%) recommended by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). Because of the lost revenue, the water facilities may not expand quickly enough to meet the demands of the rapidly growing population. The suggested 50% reduction in NRW would provide additional 8,251,100 m3 of treated water yearly, enough to serve extra 41,925 households or irrigate 661 ha of cropland and save US$ 4,356,579, which would reduce the financial gap in Rwanda’s National Water Improvement Project by more than 24%.

Construction of New Value Chain Management and Various BOMs for Research Project of SDGs Food Loss Reduction:Case Studies on Circular Economy Sweets Product Planning,Sales Event Holding,and Questionnaire Surveys

Regarding the social problem of food loss in Japan,about 10%-20%of agricultural products(e.g.vegetables and fruits)are seen as“non-standardized foods”or“surplus foods”by the Agricultural Cooperative Association.Those foods are then discarded.The Tamaki Laboratory of the School of Business,Aoyama Gakuin University is promoting the“SDGs Food Loss Regeneration Project”through industry and academic collaboration—as a research study—to solve this social problem.Therefore,the purpose of this research is the following three subjects:(1)Indicate the design of VCM(value chain management).VCM corresponds to the planning,manufacturing,and sales meetings of“SDGs Moist Vegetable Cake”,and the roles of stakeholders engaged in each area of VCM.(2)Design various BOMs(bill of materials)corresponding to the VCM.Describe how to use BOM and the significance of using each BOM in cooperation.(3)In order to verify the effectiveness of the“SDGs Food Loss Regeneration Project”with“SDGs Moist Vegetable Cake”,conduct and analyze questionnaire surveys and consider the results.

A hypothesis study on bionic active noise reduction of auditory organs

Background:Noise exposure can lead to hearing loss and multiple system dysfunctions.As various forms of noise exist in our living environments,and our auditory organs are very sensitive to acoustic stimuli,it is a challenge to protect our hearing system in certain noisy environments.Presentation of the hypothesis:Herein,we propose that our hearing organ could serve as a noise eliminator for high intensity noise and enhance acoustic signal processing abilities by increasing the signal-noise ratio.For suprathreshold signals,the hearing system is capable of regulating the middle ear muscles and other structures to actively suppress the sound level to a safe range.Testing the hypothesis:To test our hypothesis,both mathematic model analyses and animal model studies are needed.Based on a digital 3D reconstructed model,every structure in the auditory system can be analyzed and tested for its contribution to the process of noise reduction.Products manufactured by this bionic method could be used and verified in animal models and volunteers.Implications:By mimicking the noise-reduction effect of the sophisticated structures in the hearing system,we may be able to provide a model that establishes a new active-sound-suppression mode.This innovative method may overcome the limited capabilities of current noise protection options and become a promising possibility for noise prevention.

Information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City──Application of GIS

For meeting the need of rapid development of economy in Shanghai and the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the mega city, it is necessary to build a information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in the city. In this paper, GIS is applied to 'the information system for emergence decision on the protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in Shanghai City (Baoshan experiment region)'. We introduce to the structure and effect of each functional module in this information system. This information system consists of 7 functional modules:background information of seismology and geology, subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake, subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence, information query, maintenance and management of system, help, quit. The key parts of this information system are the subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake and the subsystem for the decisive information on earthquake emergence. Also, this paper introduces to the application of technology of color infra-red aerial photograph remote sensing to this information system.

Economic Benefit Analysis of 220 kV Energy-saving Power Transformer

Power transformer serves as one of the most widely used electrical equipments in power grid. During the operation, terrible losses are produced. With the development of loss reduction technology of power transformers, in order to save energy saving and reduce emissions, the old power transformer should be replaced. The paper summarizes the main method to reduce the losses of power transformers and brings up the improved Total Owning Cost (TOC) algorithm, which applies to 220 kV power transformers’ comprehensive benefit analysis. Using the improved Total Owning Cost (TOC) algorithm, based on today 220 kV energy-saving power transformer manufacturing level, the economic benefits of new energy-saving power transformer and the return period of investment are analyzed. Finally, combined with energy-saving effect, the appropriate replacement proposal of 220 kV power transformers has been given.

Exploration and Practice of Precision Emission Reduction Monitoring System in Air Pollution Prevention and Control in a District of Tianjin

At present,China’s atmospheric environmental protection work has achieved initial results,but environmental protection is facing increasing pressure,and the environmental situation is still not optimistic.In response to the call of the state,efforts have been intensified in environmental protection and ecological civilization construction,and supply-side structural reform has been actively promoted,and the Implementation Plan for Tianjin’s Comprehensive Discharge of Industrial Pollution Sources to Meet Standards has been promoted.When the total amount of pollutants discharged in key areas far exceeds the environmental capacity,regional heavy pollution weather will still occur once adverse meteorological conditions are encountered.In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution,when the deterioration of air quality to a certain extent,to protect public health,key gas related industries should carry out emergency emission reduction in accordance with the local emergency plan while the local government starts the emergency response of heavy pollution weather.Direct economic loss of emergency response to heavy pollution weather is enormous.On the basis of meeting the total amount of emissions required by the state,the project aims to achieve the effect of"emission reduction and production increase"by precise emission reduction according to local characteristics.

Ideas of establishing the information system for emergence decisions on the protection against earthquakes and disaster reduction in cities (application of GIS)

ith urban reformation and opening becoming deeper,the work of protection against earthquake and disaster reduction would be more important.In this paper,some ideas are suggested about establishing the information system for emergency decisions on protection against earthquake and disaster reduction in cities .The information system mainly includes a subsystem for rapid evaluation of damage loss from earthquake (which includes input of seismic information,distribution of earthquake intensity,evaluation of seismic fragility on all social factors and etc.) and a subsystem for the decisive information of seismic emergency(which mainly includes project of disaster relief,project of personnel evacuation,dangerous degree warning for the dangerous articlesstoring places and protection measures against them,assistant decision on fire due to earthquake,location of headquarter for providing disaster relief,and etc.). It is thought that the data investigation and collection about all kinds of buildings(including lifeline engineering)are the most important and difficult work as establishing this system.

Summary of Steam System Optimization and Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Practice in Yanshan Petrochemical Company

This paper analyzes the main problems of Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,such as decentralized steam system layout,many types of fuels,obvious increase in fuel cost,low operation efficiency of turbine and boiler and high self consumption loss,and puts forward and implements optimization and improvement measures such as pressure raising transformation of natural gas system,adjustment of energy consumption structure,reduction of energy consumption cost,improvement of steam production quality and equipment efficiency.The results showed that compared with the fuel consumption in 2018,the consumption of coal coke was reduced by 550000 t,the consumption of natural gas was increased by 170000 t,and the total consumption of fuel gas and fuel oil was increased by 50000 t,equivalent to 246000 t of standard coal;the purchased electricity was increased by about 5×10^(8) kW·h.Green power trading and 14.76 MW distributed photovoltaic projects were carried out.According to the calculation of 1400-1600 h annual power generation in class II photovoltaic areas and the emission factor of North China regional power grid baseline,the annual emission reduction was about 55000 t CO_(2) in 2021.After the above transformation,the goal of zero-coking is achieved;the steam consumption of units is reduced by 21.5%,the steam production of boilers is reduced by 24.9%,and the annual emission reduction is about 760000 t CO_(2),which has achieved good results.

全产业链视角下江苏省推进节粮减损的现实困境与纾解对策

粮食安全关乎国运民生,然而当前粮食损失和浪费问题严峻,维护粮食安全必须坚持开源与节流并重。在全产业链视角下,剖析了江苏省粮食产业存在着由于自然灾害和病虫害增加、绿色储粮标准化和物流现代化水平有待提高、粮食过度加工、节粮意识淡化等原因导致的粮食损失与浪费问题,探讨了生产源头、仓储物流、加工利用、宣传教育等各环节节粮减损的具体实施路径,提出加强标准体系建设、科技创新引领、强化应急管理、凝聚实施合力等对策建议。

碳中和背景下中美欧印2035年碳减排力度及经济代价探究

根据《巴黎协定》共同时间框架,2025年前各缔约方要提交面向2035年的新一轮国家自主贡献(NDC)。2035年的减排雄心将是连接当前NDC与长期碳中和承诺的重要纽带,对全球能否最终实现2℃/1.5℃温升控制目标具有重要意义。该研究聚焦美国、欧盟这两个碳排放量最大的发达经济体和中国、印度这两个碳排放量最大的新兴经济体,从衔接NDC与碳中和承诺的角度预估四大排放体2035年潜在的碳减排力度,并利用碳配额分配体系和可计算一般均衡模型探究对2℃/1.5℃支持情况以及减排经济代价。结果显示:(1)从NDC迈向碳中和,2035年中国单位GDP二氧化碳排放可能比2005年下降73%~77%,美国碳排放可能比2005年下降61%~67%,欧盟碳排放可能比1990年下降65%~70%,印度单位GDP二氧化碳排放可能比2005年下降51%~58%。(2)上述碳减排力度有可能支持全球2035年走上2℃温控目标碳排放路径,但若要支持走上1.5℃路径,美国和欧盟2035年要达到零碳乃至负碳排放,中国碳排放要降至50亿t左右。(3)在不合作情景下,2035年中国实现上述碳减排力度面临的GDP损失为0.36%~0.58%,与美国(0.36%~0.52%)相当,略低于欧盟(0.49%~0.80%),印度所处发展阶段相对滞后,GDP损失更易受碳减排力度影响(0.26%~0.81%);增强合作有助于以更低的经济代价实现碳减排,2035年四大排放体整体GDP损失有望从0.39%~0.65%下降至0.21%~0.41%。建议尽快深化面向2035年减排目标和实施路径的研究,进一步推动国家间应对气候变化合作交流,以助力全球实现巴黎气候目标。

可变粘压裂液研究及在深煤层中应用

针对深煤层压裂开发需要,研发一套可变粘压裂液体系,通过粘度、降阻率、表面张力、界面张力等指标优选构建了低粘-中粘-高粘滑溜水体系,并对体系滤失性能、破胶性能和岩心伤害性能进行了评价。实验结果表明:随着体系粘度增加,降阻率先增加后降低;高粘度有助于降低滤失。通过调节破胶剂用量实现破胶可控,对煤岩具有较小的岩心伤害率。配合体积改造压裂工艺,可有效助力深煤层开发。优选的可变粘压裂液具有较好的推广和应用前景。

畜产与海洋食品绿色高质加工及减损增效理论

在大食物观及“双碳”战略下,推动畜产与海洋食品加工链绿色制造和可持续发展已刻不容缓。本文分析了我国畜产与海洋食品领域研究及产业发展现状和国家重大需求,凝练了该领域亟需解决的4个关键基础科学问题,包括解析畜产与海洋食品品质劣变机制,阐明其储运、加工和综合利用的生物学基础,建立加工过程危害物控制、品质提升及营养健康理论与技术,构建动物肉和营养组分生物合成的细胞工厂。对未来研究方向提出建议:基于多学科交叉的食品科技创新,布局低碳加工、生物制造、智能制造、细胞工厂、大数据、精准营养新业态,建立新型畜产与海洋食品低碳绿色加工与减损技术体系,使畜产与海洋食品满足人民群众对营养、健康、安全、美味、个性化的需求。

基于矢量控制的电励磁双凸极电机失磁容错运行转矩脉动抑制策略

电励磁双凸极电机(doubly salient electro-magnetic machine,DSEM)在航空和电动汽车等领域具有广阔的应用前景,这些领域对可靠性有更高的要求。DSEM通过励磁绕组实现他励,其励磁故障是影响DSEM电动运行可靠性的重要方面。针对DSEM驱动系统的励磁故障,该文提出一种基于矢量控制的DSEM失磁容错运行转矩脉动抑制策略。首先,根据瞬时功率不变原则建立DSEM失磁后极坐标系下的转矩数学模型,该模型建立磁阻转矩与电流矢量的幅值和相角之间的关系。随后,基于该模型,以铜耗最小化为目标确立电流矢量的相角,通过控制电流矢量的幅值抑制转矩脉动,将所得的电流矢量变换后得到三相参考电流,进行闭环控制。最后,针对1台18/12极DSEM,通过实验验证所提方法的可行性和有效性。

含大规模分布式光伏接入电网的无功电压控制降损方法研究

大规模分布式光伏(distributed photovoltaic,DP)接入电网后,电网电压易出现大幅度波动,导致电网损失问题越来越突出。当前已有的电网降损方法没有考虑光伏发电自身的无功调节能力,应用效果不理想。为此,设计一种含大规模DP接入电网的无功电压控制降损方法。通过建立目标函数,设定约束条件,采用敏感性分析方法分析电压稳定性,将敏感度较高的值作为无功补偿位置,并对当前负荷进行预测,确定最佳的补偿容量,实现电网降损。试验结果表明:所提方法降损后较降损前基准电压更趋于1 pu,更为稳定,所提方法能够针对光伏控制接入分布特性,有效控制无功功率变化情况,相对于其他方法,无功功率波动较小,表现出较好的降损效果。

考虑高比例多元调节资源互动的配电网无功优化降损方法

为了挖掘高比例分布式资源接入背景下配电网全方位多角度无功调控降损潜力,实现更为全面精细的无功优化技术降损目标,提出考虑多元可调节资源协调互动的多目标配电网无功优化降损方法。首先,针对高比例分布式资源接入背景下谐波对线损的影响,给出了考虑谐波损耗的配电网线损计算模型;其次,在此基础上分析多元可调节资源无功调节能力,建立了以日线损最低和静态电压稳定性最大为目标的配电网无功优化调度模型;然后,通过制定多元可调节负荷、分布式电源、储能、无功补偿设备等多元分布式资源协同无功优化策略,达到在综合考虑配电网静态电压稳定性要求下系统线损最小的目的;最后,通过多元分布式资源接入的IEEE 33节点进行系统仿真分析,结果表明通过多元可调节资源的充分互动能够有效提高系统电压稳定性,降低系统线损,实现配电网安全、经济运行。