Application Strategy of PLC Technology in Energy-Saving Control of Tunnel Lighting

In this study,we investigated on the application of planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology in energy-saving control of tunnel lighting.The application status of PLC in the field of energy saving followed by the necessity of energy saving in tunnel lighting was analyzed.Finally,the application of PLC in tunnel lighting energy-saving control around the three dimensions of system overall architecture design,control scheme,and program control process was investigated.The results showed that the system meets the requirements of control effect,robustness,and visual effect after trial operation,and is suitable for practical applications.

Parameters Optimization and Energy-Saving of Highway Tunnel Backlighting with LED

In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was established.Yanlieshan tunnel of Jiujing highway was taken as an example for the optimization.The optimal LDPs of the backlighting system of the tunnel interior zone were obtained by the POM,a comparison between the optimization results and those of Yanlieshan tunnel’s actual lighting system was performed,which showed that the optimized backlighting system with LED lamps installed according to the optimized LDPs could save energy remarkablely even under full capacity lighting condition.Illuminance and illuminance uniformity of the tunnel road surface still met the lighting demands even the LED lamp’s luminance decreased by 30%.A backlighting simulation experiment with the optimized backlighting LDPs for Yanlieshan tunnel was accomplished in the software Dialux.The simulation results basically agreed with the optimization calculated results from the POM which proved the correctness of the backlighting POM.

Energy-Saving and Control of General Indoor Lighting Elements Fed from a Micro-Controlled Hybrid Power Generation System

In this study, an off grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system was established at Afyon Kocatepe University to meet the energy need of lighting system of three different laboratories. It is planned to efficiently use the energy obtained from the designed hybrid power generation system. For this purpose, PIC 16F877 was used in controlling of lighting load of laboratories. The off-grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system consists of 570 W 24 V mono crystal solar panels, 600 W wind power generation system and accumulator groups. The load control circuit made with PIC 16F877 is designed in a manner that will control the lighting armature groups individually activate and deactivate the armature groups according to intensity of illumination in environment. Besides, separately from generation and storing units constituting the hybrid power generation system, data in kWh are recorded by means of software in 10 seconds intervals. With the obtained power generation and storing data, analyzing of power consumption data when the load control system in active or passive position is made. According to analysis results, with controlling of lighting load and using of energy obtained from off grid wind-solar hybrid power generation system, 20.6% energy saving has been ensured.

A Workable Solution for Reducing the Large Number of Vehicle and Pedestrian Accidents Occurring on a Yellow Light

Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occurring during a yellow light at intersections. We believe this fairly simple solution will save lives, prevent injuries, reduce damage to public and private property, and decrease insurance costs.

The Safe Distance Between Road Lighting Fixtures and Street Trees

The road lighting system and the road greening system, which are mutually interrelated and independent, are two important parts in the urban road environment. Unreasonable road lighting is easy to induce light pollution and has a great negative impact on the physiology and growth of garden plants in the urban green space. In this paper, 21 kinds of common tree species in the urban green space of Zhengzhou were selected as the research object, and the photosynthetic physiological parameters of landscape trees under the LED light source were observed using LI-6400 Photosynthesis System. This paper attempted to find the critical point for initiating photosynthesis of different types of tree species under a certain light source and then calculated the safe distance between lighting fixtures and landscape trees. The results showed that road lighting interfered with the photosynthetic physiological activities of the surveyed trees, affecting the normal dormancy of the plants at night; the sensitivity of different tree species to night lighting was different, and there were some differences in the light compensation points, so the corresponding safe distance was also different. It is hoped that this study can provide a valuable reference and scientific basis for urban road greening and lighting design.

Effects of Light Source in Road Green Spaces on the Growth of Picea koraiensis in Harbin

With Picea koraiensis as the research object which have similar growth vigor in a same habitat, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, weight of dry-matter and leaf color change of Picea koraiensis in different lighting conditions were determined. Environment without light sources was taken as the control group. The results showed that different light sources and different distances from light sources to plants had diversified impact on the photosynthetic physiology of Picea koraiensis. Among these different color lights, green light had the least influence on Picea koraiensis, yellow light and purple light had greater influence.

Simplified prediction model for lighting energy consumption in office building scheme design

At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.

The design of Landscape lighting Based on wind, light, water and other green energy

Taking the ecological, environmental protection as the starting point, in view of our country road lighting with excessive power consumption problems, the paper proposes design scheme of S type spiral lamp that is suitable the coastal city, highway zone by solar energy combined with wind energy generation. This design uses class of S spiral with the highest wind energy utilization rate, and the surface has materials that can absorb solar energy, its structure built in simple and the design fit standard proportion lamp. This design has the advantages of beautiful apnearance, easv to produce, has the very big use value.

Operation strategy and energy-saving of the solar lighting/heating system through spectral splitting

The performance of a solar lighting and heating system(SLHS)based on the spectral splitting effect of nanofluids is presented in this paper.SLHS through nanofluids would split the sunlight spectrum into different wavelength,and then introduce the visible light into the offices for lighting and absorb infrared energy to generate hot water.The Energy Plus software was used to analyze the energy consumption of typical office building located in the city of Harbin in China coupled with SLHS.Based on the simulation results two lighting zones were identified in the offices and the optimal lighting control strategy was developed for a full year.The performance models of SLHS with different light-receiving areas of 10 m^(2)and 40 m^(2)were simulated and validated using the existing experimental data.The overall energy-saving of the offices over a full year were analyzed using the validated model.Results demonstrated that for SLHS with the area of 40 m^(2),the rate of the energy saving in the offices due to lighting and hot water systems were 58.9%,and 19.3%,respectively.The system also had the additional benefit of reducing the cooling load of the air conditioning system during summer period together with improving the quality of the indoor environment resulting in better health and productivity of the occupants.

航天正射影像路桥扭曲变形自动检测方法

针对高分辨率卫星正射影像制作中普遍存在的路桥扭曲变形问题,提出了一种影像入射参数辅助的路桥变形自动检测方法。该方法首先利用道路矢量确定道路方向并等距获取采样点,然后利用影像入射参数和参考数字高程模型(DEM)计算各采样点间的点位一致性偏移比率,比率越大,该点位附近路桥变形机率越大,由此确定路桥变形区域。实验结果表明,该方法能够快速、准确定位疑似变形区域,自动化程度高,且其效率相较人工核查可提升10倍以上。

室外道路照明接地型式的选择分析

通过分析道路照明10kV电源端的接地系统,本文对TN-S系统和TT系统两种接地型式进行了比较和分析,认为类似室外道路照明这些无等电位联结作用的户外场所,低压配电应优先采用TT系统接地型式,可供类似工程参考和借鉴。

光色周期变化对视觉疲劳影响的研究

本研究旨在探究道路照明中光色及其周期性变化对驾驶员视觉疲劳的影响。通过在高速动态条件下进行视觉特性研究,分析了综合条件下光谱光色与视觉疲劳之间的关系,并从抑制视觉疲劳的角度对光谱进行了筛选。利用闪光融合频率值对被试的视觉疲劳程度进行了量化,测试了三种不同的光色以及五组不同光色变化周期对视觉疲劳程度的影响。研究结果表明,相较于白光,蓝光光谱更具有抑制驾驶员视觉疲劳的效果;而90 s的光色变化周期对驾驶员视觉疲劳抑制效果最为显著。

城市道路照明电气设计若干问题探究

本文探讨了单个路灯设置末端保护的必要性及实施方法,分析了照明配电箱设置高度的影响因素,并结合相关规范规定给出了其设置最小值。同时,文章还给出了智慧(多功能)路灯预埋管横断面布置的具体策略,旨在提升人行道地下空间利用效率,推动城市照明设施的升级与发展。

基于ZigBee的道路照明智能联控系统路由控制

作为一种自组网、低能耗的无线通信技术,ZigBee技术在道路照明领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。但是由于照明设备的部署特点,应用传统路由算法会造成路由树较深或者路由表过于复杂等问题。为了简化照明领域的数据路由,结合道路照明领域数据传输的特点,将无线节点类型划分为功能路由节点和普通路由节点,采用分簇的思想,以功能路由节点为簇首,将相邻的普通路由节点划分至同一簇,数据传输在簇内和簇间采用不同的数据路由算法,以优化数据路由操作,简化路由表。仿真结果表明,采用优化后的路由算法能够完成数据传输任务。

一种基于道路照明设计的LED路灯节能改造实例研究

本文采用了一种结合灯具配光设计与道路照明设计的方法,针对特定路段进行优化。依托一种大功率且高功率密度的小型化、轻量化单颗集成式光源的LED路灯,其在光学性能和热学性能上表现优异,成功实现了长沙市某路段的LED照明节能改造。实际照明效果与道路照明设计软件模拟结果相吻合,主路平均照度(average illuminance,E_(av))由31 lx提升到39 lx,比改造前提高了23%;主路照度均匀度(Uniformity of Illuminance,UI)由0.45提升到0.8,比改造前提高了82%,且主路部分照明功率密度(Lighting Power Density,LPD)由0.89 W/m^(2)降低至0.36 W/m^(2),减小了60%;十字路口部分的LED投光灯升级改造,该路段整体节能率高达66%,阈值增量(Threshold Increment,TI)值仅为0.42%,照明舒适度大大提高,且大大延长了灯具的生命周期,具有很好的道路照明节能改造参考价值和市场推广前景。

基于物联网技术的整套路灯管理系统设计

路灯照明是城市关键基础设施,为了降低路灯照明的能源消耗,分析了研究现有路灯照明控制系统的运行和现场使用情况,提出了基于物联网技术的整套路灯管理系统设计。新设计通过采集现场各类环境、电参数等实时信息,结合多场景控制模式,实现对路灯的精细化管理,通过实践应用证明,该系统具备稳定性、可靠性以及强大的功能,能够实现对采集的数据进行有效地传输和管理,达到了节能、高效的目的,为城市提供了更为智能化、数字化以及可持续的照明解决方案。

基于三维线形的轻型高速公路纵断面指标研究

为了探究轻型高速公路路线纵断面设计关键参数,基于Carsim/Trucksim软件搭建了人-车-路耦合系统,根据普遍性和不利性原则,选取轿车、面包车和轻型货车作为轻型车辆的代表性车型,开展了代表性车型在直坡路段和弯坡组合路段的行驶仿真。根据轻型车辆在纵断面和弯坡组合路段运行特征,确定了轻型高速公路的控制车型以及路线纵断面的坡度、坡长参数。结果表明:轻型高速公路纵断面设计参数应以轻型货车和面包车作为控制车型;高速行驶下,车辆在弯坡组合路段的速度衰减比在单纵坡路段更为剧烈;根据速度衰减特性和允许速度降幅,轻型高速公路设计速度为100km/h时,若允许轻型货车通行,应以比功率为25W/kg的轻型货车作为控制车辆,路线纵断面最大纵坡为5%,最大坡长为750m,若不允许轻型货车通行,路线纵断面最大纵坡为6%,可不限制最大坡长;设计速度为120km/h和140km/h时,应以比功率为35W/kg的面包车作为控制车辆,路线纵断面最大纵坡分别为6%和5%,对应的最大坡长均为1200m。

基于智能头盔的外卖骑手异常驾驶行为检测系统

针对外卖骑手不规范驾驶行为对交通安全造成重要威胁的问题,提出一种基于智能头盔的外卖骑手异常驾驶行为检测系统。该系统由前端检测系统与后台监管系统两部分构成,前者通过摄像头、GPS、IMU等模块实时检测并判断外卖骑手的闯红灯、逆行与急性变道异常驾驶行为;后者通过骑手预警系统、企业管理系统与交警管理系统实现骑手预警、企业管理与交警取证。实地测试实验结果表明,前端检测系统能够有效对闯红灯、逆行与急性变道异常驾驶行为进行识别,后台监管系统能够对驾驶行为检测数据及结果进行管理与可视化,为提升外卖骑手骑行安全、优化外卖企业管理与助力交警权责确定提供了一种有效途径。