Container Instrumentation and Enforcement System for Runtime Security of Kubernetes Platform with eBPF

Containerization is a fundamental component of modern cloud-native infrastructure,and Kubernetes is a prominent platform of container orchestration systems.However,containerization raises significant security concerns due to the nature of sharing a kernel among multiple containers,which can lead to container breakout or privilege escalation.Kubernetes cannot avoid it as well.While various tools,such as container image scanning and configuration checking,can mitigate container workload vulnerabilities,these are not foolproof and cannot guarantee perfect isolation or prevent every active threat in runtime.As such,a policy enforcement solution is required to tackle the problem,and existing solutions based on LSM(Linux Security Module)frameworks may not be adequate for some situations.To address this,we propose an enforcement system based on BPF-LSM,which leverages eBPF(extended Berkeley Packet Filter)technology to provide fine-grained control and dynamic adoption of security policies.In this paper,we compare different LSM implementations to highlight the challenges of current enforcement solutions before detailing the design of our eBPF-based Kubernetes Runtime Instrumentation and Enforcement System(KRSIE).Finally,we evaluate the effectiveness of our system using a real-world scenario,as measuring the performance of a policy enforcement system is a complex task.Our results show that KRSIE can successfully control containers’behaviors using LSM hooks at container runtime,offering improved container security for cloud-native infrastructure.

Impact of forest governance and enforcement on deforestation and forest degradation at the district level:A study in West Bengal State,India

According to the United Nations Environmental Programme(UNEP),the world loses 1.0×106hm2forest land through deforestation annually.About 1.6×106people who depend on forests for livelihood are negatively affected by deforestation and forest degradation.The paper attempts to study the impact of forest governance,enforcement and socio-economic factors on deforestation and forest degradation at the local level in West Bengal State,India.The study was based on questionnaire survey data during 2020–2021 collected from three western districts(Purulia,Bankura,and Paschim Medinipur)where deforestation and poverty rates are higher than other districts in West Bengal State.The total number of selected villages was 29,and the total sample households were 693.A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data,and a questionnaire was followed.Forest governance and enforcement indices were constructed using United Nation Development Programme(UNDP)methodology and a step-wise logistic regression model was used to identify the factors affecting deforestation and forest degradation.The result of this study showed that four factors(illegal logging,weak forest administration,encroachment,and poverty)are identified for the causes of deforestation and forest degradation.It is observed that six indices of forest governance(rule of law,transparency,accountability,participation,inclusiveness and equitability,and efficiency and effectiveness)are relatively high in Purulia District.Moreover,this study shows that Purulia and Bankura districts follow medium forest governance,while Paschim Medinipur District has poor forest governance.The enforcement index is found to be highest in Purulia District(0.717)and lowest for Paschim Medinipur District(0.257).Finally,weak forest governance,poor socio-economic conditions of the households,and weak enforcement lead to the deforestation and forest degradation in the study area.Therefore,governments should strengthen law enforcement and encourage sustainable forest certification schemes to combat illegal logging.

Concept, Interests and Systems: Logical Consciousness of the China Campus Football Policy Trip

Based on the “Healthy China 2030 Planning Outline”, the literature method and logical analysis method are used to review and analyze the implementation process of China’s school football policy from three dimensions: value, interest appeal and institutional background. The study believes that in order to break through the bottleneck of policy implementation and improve the effect of policy implementation, it is necessary to establish correct values and form broad recognition of policies;meet the reasonable interests of all parties and form a synergy for policy implementation;optimize the institutional environment for policy implementation and form effective incentives.

Analysis of Economic Efficiency of Wildlife Law Enforcement in Serengeti Ecosystem Tanzania

Law enforcement remains to be the main strategy used to combat poaching and account for high budget share in protected area management. Studies on efficiency of wildlife law enforcement in the protected areas are limited. This study analyzed economic efficiency of wildlife law enforcement in terms of resource used and output generated using three different protected areas (PAs) of Serengeti ecosystem namely Serengeti National Park (SENAPA), Ikorongo/Grumeti Game Reserves (IGGR) and Ikona Wildlife Management Area (IWMA). Three years (2010-2012) monthly data on wildlife law enforcement inputs and outputs were collected from respective PAs authorities and supplemented with key informant interviews and secondary data. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to wildlife law enforcement staff. Shadow prices for non-marketed inputs were estimated, and market prices for marketed inputs. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate economic efficiency using Variable Return to Scale (VRS) and Constant Return to Scale (CCR) assumptions. Results revealed that wildlife law enforcement in all PAs was economically inefficient, with less inefficiency observed in IWMA. The less inefficiency in IWMA is likely attributed to existing sense of ownership and responsibility created through community-based conservation which resulted in to decrease in law enforcement costs. A slacks evaluation revealed a potential to reduce fuel consumption, number of patrol vehicles, ration and prosecution efforts at different magnitudes between studied protected areas. There is equal potential to recruit more rangers while maintaining the resting time. These finding forms the bases for monitoring and evaluation with respect to resource usage to enhance efficiency. It is further recommended to enhance community participation in conservation in SENAPA and IGGR to lower law enforcement costs. Collaboration between protected area, police and judiciary is fundamental to enhance enforcement efficiency. Despite old dataset, these findings are relevant since neither conservation policy nor institution framework has changed substantially in the last decade.

Smart all-time vision:The battery-free video communication for urban administration and law enforcement

The Chinese government is dedicated to enhancing the level of informatization in administrative law enforcement to ensure fairness and increase credibility.Currently,law enforcement has exposed such problems as insufficient force,difficulties in collecting evidence,and low evidential power.These problems contradict the principles of rule of law and standardization.Many local governments have implemented advanced information technologies for urban administration and law enforcement,including big data,artificial intelligence,and IoT.Among these technologies,IoT is the core communication infrastructure for innovative law enforcement platforms.However,traditional video communications rely on batteries or dedicated power sources,leading to maintenance challenges and high power consumption.In this paper,we propose AT-Eye,a new video communication paradigm for all-time law enforcement video monitoring,which is battery-free and high-throughput.The key enabler of AT-Eye is ambient backscatter technology,which enables energy harvesting and video communication simultaneously.Unlike previous methods,our proposal introduces a novel CCK-based modulation for tag cameras and achieves 4-way concurrency.The modulation is simple because it uses phase difference and it is energyefficient because generating square waves is adequate.Moreover,to ensure full compatibility with COTS WiFi,we modulate the physical service data unit.Therefore,data recovery is possible using only commercial NICs.We conduct comprehensive experiments to examine our proposal and experiment results show that AT-Eye achieves a throughput of 10.8 Mbps with COTS radios.We also simulate a 16-way battery-free tag camera system,demonstrating AT-Eye’s feasibility of high-definition video communication.

The Mitigation Strategies for Managing the Potential Environmental Risks Posed by Oil and Gas Development on Mangrove Ecosystems in the Coastal Communities

Guyana is an oil-producing country vulnerable to potential oil spills and the environmental risks posed by oil and gas exploration and production activities. Despite the technologically advanced equipment employed by ExxonMobil Guyana and affiliates, an oil spill could occur due to accidents, equipment failures, or sabotages. The selected coastal communities as the study areas in Region 1 and Region 2 could be adversely affected, particularly the mangrove ecosystems. Potential oil spill pollution will adversely impact mangrove ecosystems in Region 1 and Region 2. Mangroves offer significant benefits to coastal communities, such as coastal defence and carbon sequestration, which puts Guyana on the world map. The research aimed to investigate the mitigation strategies to manage the potential environmental risks on mangrove ecosystems in the coastal communities of Region 1 and Region 2. It followed a qualitative approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with the Toshaos of the selected coastal communities. The data analysis strategy was thematic analysis using the Nvivo software. The major themes included legal and policy frameworks, oil spill response strategies, community-based involvement, and monitoring and enforcement of regulations. The significant results included reviewing and updating the regulatory framework for mangrove management and conservation;oil spills mitigation measures such as containment and shoreline protection and cleanup, cost recovery and compensation, and limited monitoring and law enforcement of mangrove management and conservation regulations by inter-agencies. The regulatory and institutional framework is outdated and needs to be amended. The agencies overseeing mangrove management and conservation have overlapping responsibilities and require more coordination. There should be greater collaboration among agencies for mangrove management and conservation and improved monitoring and enforcement programmes through institutional support.

On the Eve of the Enforcement of the Arbitration Law——An interview with Xu Dayou, vice-chairman of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission

The Arbitration Law of the People’s Republic of China will go into effect on September 1, 1995, which has become the focus of world attention. This is an important law promulgated by China for handling economic disputes. All the parties concerned are making intense preparations for the successful enforcement of the Law. As the first nongovernmental organisation engaged in arbitration affairs, the China Council

Study on Game Theory of Social Law Enforcement

Based on the basis of the two stage dynamic game of complete information and purely tactful perfect equilibrium theory, the non cooperative gaming between the police department and the criminals is analyzed. Dynamic game can be proved to forecast and explain potential tactful choices of the police department and the criminals at various stages, so as to analyze the essence of the law enforcement by the theoretical models.

Achievements Outstanding In Protecting Minors——Report on enforcement of Law on the Protection of Minors (excerpts)

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors and the Law ofthe People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Crimes were passed on September 4, 1991 and June 28,1999 and came into force on January 1, 1992 and November 1, 1999. Over the past decades, China has scoredoutstanding achievements in implementing the two laws. In order to strengthen supervision of the implementationof the two laws and better protect the lawful rights and interests of the under-aged, the National People's CongressStanding Committee set up a Law Enforcement Check Group in July 2003, which carried out a nationwidecheck of the implementation of the two laws. On August 25, NPC Vice-Chairperson Gu Xiulian reported on theresult of the check to the fourth meeting of the Tenth NPC standing committee. She described the generalsituation in the implementation of the two laws as 'good' and also identified some problems and put forwardsome recommendations with regard to the enforcement and implementation of the two laws.The following are the excerpts of the report:

Enforcement of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information and Continual Development of a Group of Basic Human Rights

Introduction 2013 saw the sixth anniversary of the formulation of Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations） and the fifth anniversary of their being put into effect. As the Regulations were stipulated and put into force,

Dendritic sidebranches of a binary system with enforced flow

In the present paper, the problem of sidebranches in the binary dendritic growth with enforced flow is studied. The positions of the first sidebranch and spacing of dendritic sidebranches are presented. For the neutral stable mode of dendritic growth, effects of various parameters on sidebranches are analysed. Our result shows that sidebranches are produced behind a critical point ξC′.

Population Dynamics of Large Herbivores and the Framing of Wildlife Conservation in Zimbabwe

This article reviews: 1) The role of natural and human-induced controls in influencing large herbivore populations;2) how human controls (i.e., policy instruments, incentives and provisions) influence human activities and wildlife conservation;and 3) media framing of wildlife conservation using Zimbabwe as a case study, in particular Gonarezhou National Park and adjacent areas. The review shows that droughts are important in influencing large herbivore populations in semi-arid ecosystems;political instability and economic collapse does not necessarily lead to increased illegal hunting in situations where policy instruments, such as laws, are enforced. A higher perceived effectiveness of Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources was partly associated with a decline in human-wildlife conflicts and there was a spill-over effect of frames from the political domain into wildlife conservation following Zimbabwe’s land reforms in 2000. It is concluded that natural bottom-up processes (e.g., droughts) influence large herbivore population dynamics whereas policy instruments, incentives, provisions and societal frames mainly have a top-down effect on wild large herbivore populations in savanna ecosystems.

Wi-Fi Traffic Enforcement System (WiTE)

This paper proposes a single integrated traffic enforcement system that is able to recognize and report various traffic violations. It consists of a Wi-Fi infrastructure that enables communication between moving vehicles and a central node. Unlike existing solutions, which address single violations, the proposed model encompasses several issues like exceeding speed limits, entering a no entry street, car theft, congestion and tolling. OPNET simulations were run to test the Wi-Fi model and define its different characteristics and limitations. A proof-of-concept case was modeled, and the proposed architecture succeeded in meeting all design requirements.

Application of Intelligent Power Consumption Management and Control Technology in Enterprise Off-site Enforcement

Regarding the current difficulties in SME(small and medium enterprise)supervision,especially considering the problem that the emission reduction task cannot be effectively implemented under the off-site daily supervision and the new normal of epidemic prevention with control of heavily polluted weather,a new type of intelligent power management technology has been proposed.Power information collection equipment and intelligent data collection and transmission terminal are installed to collect power consumption information of enterprise production facilities and pollution control facilities,and their operating conditions are monitored in 24 h.Abnormal operation alarm and closed-loop disposal management are provided through the software platform.The practical application of power monitoring technology in Rizhao City proves that the system alarms accurately and monitors efficiently.On the one hand,it has improved the efficiency of daily supervision of the ecological environment department,and can accurately investigate and correct corporate pollution control violations.On the other hand,it has enriched environmental supervision methods to accurately control the implementation of emergency emission reduction measures.The application of this technology has realized the transformation from civil defense to technical defense,from random law enforcement to precise law enforcement,and from on-site law enforcement to off-site law enforcement in the supervision of polluting enterprises in the jurisdiction,creating a new mode of off-site law enforcement for enterprises.

A Systematic Review of Excessive Speed Monitoring and Control System for Accident Prevention on Cameroon Highways

Road safety is still an important issue with road accidents among the leading causes of death accounting for more than 1.2 million fatalities and 50 million injuries globally per year. Of these casualties, speeding is a substantial contributing factor. Nowadays, speed reduction is mainly achieved through speed law enforcement measures. The review is aimed at examining the different enforcement approaches used to control and monitor excessive speeds on highways at large and particularly in Cameroon. A systematic search was performed in Science Direct, Elsevier, google scholar, scientific research, and Springer, ResearchGate, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Furthermore, references of selected articles were reviewed to maximize the rate of articles found. The details of the research articles were generated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow chart. The results show that of 658 retried articles, duplicates of 458 were excluded and 200 were screened. A total of 61 and 40 articles were screened from abstract and full pdf text respectively. Finally, 15 relevant studies were included in the study. The review revealed that the included articles on speed enforcement on the highway were limited to sanctioning defaulters for fine payments.

Impact of Enforcement of Right of Communication through Information Network

On 27 October 2001, the Standing Committee of the People's Congress reviewed and passed the Amendment to the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China. In Article 10 of the amended Copyright Law as of 2001 has been incorporated a new subject matter under the copyright protection: the right of communication through information network, that is, the right to make a work available to the public by wire or by wireless means, so that people may have access to the work from a place and at a time individu...

Guideline for Making,Enforcement of Laws

Respect for and protection of human rights is a constitutional principle for China. China＇s Constitution states： ＂The ,State shall respect and protect human rights＂ In practice, this constitutional principle serves as an important guideline for the making and enforcement of laws.

Governance or reputation?Flexible tax enforcement and excess goodwill:Evidence from the taxpaying credit rating system in China

This study investigates the effect of flexible tax enforcement on firms’excess goodwill using unique manually collected data on taxpaying credit rating in China from 2014 to 2021.We document that A-rated taxpayer firms have less excess goodwill;A-rated firms reduce excess goodwill by 0.005 vis-a-vis non-Arated firms,which accounts for 100%of the mean value of excess goodwill.This finding holds after multiple robustness tests and an endogeneity analysis.Moreover,this negative effect is more pronounced in firms with low information transparency,that are non-state-owned and that are located in regions with low tax enforcement intensity.The channel test results suggest that taxpaying credit rating system as flexible tax enforcement reduces firms’excess goodwill through a reputation-based effect and not a governance-based effect.This study reveals that the taxpaying credit rating system in China as flexible tax enforcement can bring halo effect to A rating firms,thereby limiting irrational M&As and breaking goodwill bubble.

西藏交通警察道路执法工作的风险与防范

西藏自治区自然、地理与气候环境复杂且特殊,道路交通环境相对恶劣,这导致当地交通警察道路执法工作面临诸多风险,包括警员人身安全和执法效能等风险。对此,文章对西藏交通警察道路执法工作风险进行了调查分析,从地区环境、警员安全意识与技能、执法装备、社会宣传和教育等角度探讨了相关风险的成因,针对性相关风险成因,提出从优化警力配置与道路信息推送、加强警员培训、完善警务装备、加强法治化宣传教育等工作来消除相关风险,以期保障警员安全并改善西藏交通环境。