Hardware-in-the-Loop Research on the Electronic Control Unit for Diesel Engines

A hardware-in-the-loop simulating platform is developed to avoid designing defects caused by the complicated logical structure and multiple-functional buildup of the dectronic control unit（ECU）in modem diesel engines, and to diminish potential damages on components or human exposure to dangers in R＆D en- deavor. This plat-form consists of a computer installed with software Matlab/Simulink/RTW and dSPACE/ ControlDesk; a diesel engine ECU, and a dSPACE autobox which runs a real-time diesel engine model. A typical model of diesel engine with turbocharger and intercooler is presented. Based on this model our research is carried out with a real ECU to test its software control strategies. Results show that by using the diesel engine model downloaded inside, the hardware-in-the-loop platform can simulate diesel engine＇s working conditions and generate all kinds of sensor signals which ECU needs on a real-time basis. So the ECU control strategies can be validated and relevant parameters roughly calibrated.

Electronic Unit Pump Diesel Engine Control Unit Design for Integrated Powertrain System

The performance of the electronic unit pump (EUP) diesel engine is studied, it will be used in the integrated powertrain and its multi parameters are controllable. Both the theoretical analysis and experiment research are taken. A control unit for the fuel quantity and timing in crankshaft domain is designed on this basis and the engine experiment test has been done. For the constant speed camshaft driving EUP system, the fuel quantity will increase as the supply angle goes up and injection timing has no effect. The control precision can reach 1°CA. The full injection timing MAP and engine peak performance curves are made successfully.

汽车总线技术课程ECU控制专项实训改革与实践

基于产学合作协同育人模式,以培养智能汽车电子控制器(ECU)相关岗位技能人才为目标,对汽车总线技术课程ECU控制专项实训进行系统设计及实施,探索多学科交叉融合实践教学改革的实现途径,以满足新工科背景下汽车行业对ECU相关岗位复合型紧缺人才的需求。该研究为应用型本科院校车辆工程及其他机械类专业培养ECU控制相关岗位的技术人才提供了参考与借鉴。

Adaptive coordinated control of engine speed and battery charging voltage

In this paper, the control problem of auxiliary power unit （APU） for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated. An adaptive controller is provided to achieve the coordinated control between the engine speed and the battery charging voltage. The proposed adaptive coordinated control laws for the throttle angle of the engine and the voltage of the power-converter can guarantee not only the asymptotic tracking performance of the engine speed and the regulation of the battery charging voltage, but also the robust stability of the closed loop system under external load changes. Simulation results are given to verify the performance of the proposed adaptive controller.

APPLICATION OF CIRCUIT SIMULATION IN HARDWARE DESIGN FOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL HIGH PRESSURE COMMON-RAIL FUEL SYSTEM OF DIESEL ENGINE

By means of circuit simulation, hardware of electronic control unit （ECU） of high pressure common-rail electronic control fuel system for diesel engine is designed. According to the system requirements for hardware of ECU, signal-processing circuit of variable reluctance （VR） sensor, filter circuit for input signal, high voltage power circuit and driver and protection circuit of solenoid are simulated as emphases. Difficulties of wide scope of VR sensor output signal, efficiency of high voltage power and reliable and swift driver of solenoid are solved. The results of simulation show that the hardware meets the requirement of the fuel system. At the same time, circuit simulation can greatly increase quality of the design, alleviate design labor and shorten design time.

虚拟ECU仿真测试平台搭建及应用

在汽车智能化的进程中,发动机控制器软件的安全性和稳定性对整车性能至关重要。其中发动机控制器所具有的内核较小、专用性强、高实时性等特点,使得仿真测试环境成为发动机控制器的重要测试环境。本文分析了当前发动机控制器主要测试环境的现状及存在问题,并提出了一种全数字仿真虚拟ECU测试平台,以应对传统测试环境的不足。该平台支持早期软件测试,提高测试效率,降低成本,并允许在软件开发周期的早期阶段进行故障模拟和测试用例设计。通过集成高精度模型和自动化工具,平台优化了测试流程,加强了测试深度,提升了软件质量。

基于586-Engine的高性能飞行控制器设计与实现

本文从飞行控制系统设计的角度出发,详细介绍了如何根据对某小型无人机特性的认识,进行小型化高性能飞行控制器的设计。硬件方面基于微控制模块586-Engine实现了飞行控制器的小型化设计。软件方面第一次实现了μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统在SC520处理器上的移植,对飞行控制软件进行了模块化处理,并在二者基础上进行了合理的任务调度设计,实现了高性能设计。本系统已经通过半物理实时仿真,试验证明达到设计目标。

MULTIPLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNITS CALIBRATION SYSTEM BASED ON EXPLICIT CALIBRATION PROTOCOL AND J1939 PROTOCOL

The rising number of electronic control units （ECUs） in vehicles and the decreasing time to market have led to the need for advanced methods of calibration. A multi-ECU calibration system was developed based on the explicit calibration protocol （XCP） and J1939 communication protocol to satisfy the need of calibrating multiple ECUs simultaneously. The messages in the controller area network （CAN） are defined in the J1939 protocol. Each CAN node can get its own calibration messages and information from other ECUs, and block other messages by qualifying the CAN messages with priority, source or destination address. The data field of the calibration message is designed with the XCP, with CAN acting as the transport layer. The calibration sessions are setup with the event-triggered XCP driver in the master node and the responding XCP driver in the slave nodes. Mirroring calibration variables from ROM to RAM enables the user to calibrate ECUs online. The application example shows that the multi-ECU calibration system can calibrate multiple ECUs simultaneously, and the main program can also accomplish its calculation and send commands to the actuators in time. By the multi-ECU calibration system, the calibration effort and time can be reduced and the variables in ECU can get a better match with the variables of other ECUs.

STRATEGY FOR DIESEL ROTARY ENGINE WITH COMMON RAIL INJECTION SYSTEM

A direct injection low compression ratios diesel rotary engine is designed and studied to find the appropriate application of the electronic controlled high pressure common rail injection system. Current development focuses on the applied fuel injection and ignition strategies, especially concerning the combustion configurations of injectors, ignition source, and combustion chamber. The prototype engine, equipped with Bosch common rail system and high performance electronic control unit （ECU）, is designed correspondingly. Studies show that the integration of a common rail injection system and the main and pilot duel injectors configurations, assisted with glow plug ignition device and flexible ECU, represents a promising approach to improve the potential of the low compression ratios diesel rotary engine. Currently the engine can run at 6 kr · min^-1 steadily and the power is about 68 kW/（4 kr ·min^- 1）.

SIMULATION IN THERMAL DESIGN FOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT OF ELECTRONIC UNIT PUMP

The high working junction temperature of power component is the most common reason of its failure. So the thermal design is of vital importance in electronic control unit （ECU） design. By means of circuit simulation, the thermal design of ECU for electronic unit pump （EUP） fuel system is applied. The power dissipation model of each power component in the ECU is created and simulated. According to the analyses of simulation results, the factors which affect the power dissipation of components are analyzed. Then the ways for reducing the power dissipation of power components are carried out. The power dissipation of power components at different engine state is calculated and analyzed. The maximal power dissipation of each power component in all possible engine state is also carried out based on these simulations. A cooling system is designed based on these studies. The tests show that the maximum total power dissipation of ECU drops from 43.2 W to 33.84 W after these simulations and optimizations. These applications of simulations in thermal design of ECU can greatly increase the quality of the design, save the design cost and shorten design time

Embedded Software Control of a Hybrid Vehicle＇s ECU/FCM System

This paper describes a research project that uses embedded systems design principles to construct and simulate an Engine Control Unit （ECU） for a hybrid car. The ECU is designed to select a fuel type based on the stress level of the simulated engine. The primary goal of the project was to use a robotics kit, connected to sensors, to simulate a hybrid car under certain stress conditions such as hill climbing or full throttle. The project uses the LEGO~ Mindstorms~ NXT robotics kit combined with a Java-based firmware, a pressure sensor to simulate a gas pedal, and a tilt sensor to determine when the car is traveling uphill or downhill. The objective was to develop, through simulation, a framework for adjusting the ratios/proportions of fuel types and mixture under the stress conditions. The expected result was to establish a basis for determining the ideal/optimal fuel-mix-stress ratios on the hybrid car＇s performance. Using the NXT robotics kit abstracted the low level details of the embedded system design, which allowed a focus on the high level design details of the research. Also, using the NXJ Java-based firmware allowed the incorporation of object oriented design principles into the project. The paper outlines the evolution and the compromises made in the choice of hardware and software components, and describes the computations and methodologies used in the project.

Simulation of Automotive Engine Phase Signal Based on Closed-Loop Strategy

In this paper, an automotive engine phase signal simulation algorithm is proposed based on a closed-loop feedback strategy, and its corresponding model is built. The signal incentives are carried out in the front-end, and the synchronization capture and comparison are conducted in the back-end. The phase simulation of signal output is achieved using closed-loop strategy, which can effectively eliminate the inconsistency between crankshaft and camshaft phases, and thus the accuracy and flexibility of phase signal generation are guaranteed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is real time, and the deviation of simulated signals from actual phase signals is small. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

喷油器与ECU匹配试验方法研究

高压共轨喷油器是高压共轨系统中的核心部件,喷油器与ECU间的匹配状态,决定喷油器的的喷油特性和动态性能,最终决定发动机的性能,因此喷油器与ECU间匹配好坏至关重要.本文主要介绍喷油器的工作原理,包含机械原理与电路驱动原理;与ECU间匹配,包含分析喷油器电器参数,离线测试,离线测试后再次进行理论评估;如何通过泵台试验进行验证,包含泵台介绍,泵台实验设计,喷油速率对比,喷油油量对比,散差对比.同时通过泵台得到的数据对发动机性能标定提供支持.

基于动态模拟技术的混动车辆发动机电控单元检测系统设计

电控单元是混动车辆发动机中的重要组成部分,对于发动机以及混动车辆的行驶性能产生直接影响,为保证电控单元的运行正常,利用动态模拟技术,优化设计了混动车辆发动机电控单元检测系统;改装温度、转速等传感器设备以及信号处理器设备,调整系统电路的连接方式,实现硬件系统的优化;利用动态模拟技术模拟混动车辆发动机电控过程,结合不同故障类型下电控单元的运行特征,设置系统的检测标准;采集电控单元输出信号,从时域和频域两个方面提取信号特征,最终通过特征匹配确定电控单元状态、故障类型以及故障位置,实现系统的电控单元检测功能;综合混动车辆发动机的3种运行场景,通过系统测试实验得出结论:与传统检测系统相比,优化设计系统的漏检率和误检率分别降低了2.59%和2.05%,由此证明优化设计系统具有良好的检测功能。

高压共轨柴油机国产芯片控制系统研究

针对现有高压共轨柴油机电控单元高度依赖进口芯片、自主不足的问题,提出了基于全国产芯片的高压共轨柴油机电控单元方案。所设计的国产控制单元选用兆易创新的GD32F450芯片为控制核心,承担发动机数据采样、处理、存储与控制任务。首先,采用Boost升压电路提供喷油器峰值电流,利用分立器件设计双边驱动与电流反馈电路,在不依赖进口专用芯片的条件下,对喷油器驱动电流进行闭环控制;然后,基于FreeRTOS操作系统,开发高压共轨柴油机底层驱动软件,实现对不同任务调度周期的精准控制;最后,对所设计的电控单元进行了实验验证。结果表明,所设计的国产高压共轨柴油机电控单元功能齐全、工作稳定,双边驱动电路典型峰值电流为22 A,维持电流为10 A,最小喷射间隔时间为200μs,多次喷射性能与Bosch系统相当。发动机不同转速条件下任务调度周期精准、实时性好,研究证实了高压共轨柴油机电控单元全国产化方案的可行性,对推动发动机电控技术自主可控提供了有益参考。

ECU硬件在环柴油机控制仿真平台研究

研究ECU硬件在环柴油机控制仿真技术,基于Matlab/Simulink/RTW及dSPACE系统建立开放的仿真平台,在Matlab/Simulink中采用模块库化的建模方法建立瞬态柴油机模型,分析dSPACE系统的软件和硬件,并提出改善仿真实时性的方法.利用该仿真平台进行了油门突变和单缸油量调节仿真试验.试验结果表明,该仿真平台能提供实时的被控对象瞬态模型,进行ECU硬件在环仿真,为ECU的开发测试提供了新的手段.

汽车发动机ECU的可靠性试验研究

针对国内某型汽车发动机电子控制单元(ECU)自主研发关键技术,开展了ECU可靠性试验研究。根据相关可靠性试验标准及汽车发动机ECU的具体特性,研究了ECU可靠性筛选试验、可靠性增长试验和可靠性鉴定试验的试验原理和实施流程,开发了ECU可靠性试验系统,并制订出详细的ECU可靠性联合试验方案。在此基础上,对国内某型汽车发动机ECU进行了现场试验。试验结果表明:试验系统平台设计合理,试验方案可行,经过试验的ECU样品,其平均寿命MTTF得到较大幅度增长,可靠性水平得到显著提高。

电控柴油机ECU编程设备研究与开发

为了给电控柴油机下线检测(EOL)阶段提供可靠的ECU数据下载工具,提出了一种基于CAN总线,采用扩展CAN标定协议(CCP)实现ECU应用程序下载和升级的方法。根据这种方法开发了ECU编程设备BootLoader,它具有下载和升级ECU应用程序代码和数据的功能,可以实现标定数据的再编程;此外,它使用Seed&Key算法验证操作工程师的身份,通过特殊格式文件生成器实现了对标准目标机文件格式变换并生成安全性高的生产文件,利用分级CRC CHECKSUM机制校验下载和编程的结果。通过对BootLoader工作时的CAN总线状态的监测,对BootLoader下载/编程性能和可靠性进行了试验分析,结果表明该设备能够满足开发和生产的需要。

基于AUTOSAR的电控汽油机ECU软件设计与实现

以吉利MR479Q型号汽油发动机为控制对象,基于汽车开放系统架构标准(AUTOSAR)设计并实现用于其上的ECU软件,同时对软件开发中软件组件和运行实体的设计、运行实体到操作系统任务的映射以及任务优先级分配等关键步骤进行详细说明,并引入可调度性分析的方法分析软件的可调度性,从而验证基于AUTOSAR的开发方法的可行性.仿真测试和台架实验结果表明:在各工况下ECU软件对喷油脉宽及点火提前角等重要参数控制准确,汽油机喷油点火信号正常,运行平稳.

高压共轨柴油机ECU硬件在环仿真系统软件设计

介绍了基于CAN总线的高压共轨柴油机ECU硬件在环仿真系统的软件设计。软件采用Visual C++和LabVIEW混合编程的方式,构建了发动机仿真模型和硬件在环仿真系统用户界面,实现了CAN总线通信和系统运行数据的处理与记录。在满足实时性要求的同时,本软件为发动机ECU控制策略、控制功能以及工作可靠性的测试和评估提供了一个良好的平台。