A Systemic Approach to Integrated E-maintenance of Large Engineering Plants

Large engineering plants （LEPs） have certain unique features that necessitate a maintenance strategy that is a combination of both time and condition based maintenance. Although this requirement is appreciated to varying degrees by asset owners, applied research leading to a systematic development of such a maintenance strategy is the need of the day. Such a strategy should also adopt a wholesome ＂systemic＂ approach so that the realization of the overall objectives of maintenance is maximized. E-maintenance has several potential benefits for large engineering plants. In this paper, a three pronged strategy is suggested for the successful implementation of e-maintenance for LEPs. Firstly, an integrated condition and time based maintenance framework is proposed for LEPs. Secondly, reference is drawn to models for condition and time based maintenance at systemic levels. As a part of the ab initio development of a condition monitoring system for a LEP, one of the characteristics of the condition monitoring system, namely, predictability, is discussed in detail as a sample for a systemic study. Thirdly, emphasis is laid on the information and expertise available in the domain of plant design, operation and maintenance and the same is tapped for incorporation in maintenance decision making.

Exploration of the Construction of the Civic and Political Education in Engineering Geology Course

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the integration of the elements of civic and political education into the engineering geology course to improve students’ideological and moral qualities.It is proposed that by integrating elements of civic and political education,students are guided to form a positive attitude toward engineering practice as well as correct values and ethics.With regard to the teaching design and implementation of the course,the implementation paths of teacher team building,careful teaching design,innovative teaching methods,and the integration of civic and politics in practical teaching are proposed to summarize the significance of integrating the elements of civic and political education in the construction of the engineering geology course.It is pointed out that this integration not only improves the quality of the course,but also provides a reference for the civic and political education of other similar professional courses.This integration not only focuses on the teaching of professional knowledge,but also pays more attention to the cultivation of students’ideology and morality,which provides a model and guidance for shaping new talents with all-round development.

Quality Control Approach for Civil Engineering Construction

In recent years,along with the continuous development and progress of society,the process of urbanization has been accelerating.At the same time,the scale of production of construction companies has also been continuously expanded.Civil engineering is an important component of construction engineering.The quality of civil engineering construction directly affects the image and development of construction companies.Therefore,we should focus on strengthening the control of the quality of civil engineering construction to ensure that the company is moving in a better direction.The author explores and analyzes the main factors affecting the construction quality of civil engineering,and puts forward an effective way to control the quality of civil engineering construction to improve the construction quality of civil engineering.

INTEGRATED ANALYSIS APPROACHES TO ROCK MECHANICS PROBLEMS

In order to effectively cope with exponent increase of the complexity faced to the rock mechanics analysis problems and the large incompatibility existing between the information level required to model the rock mass and engineering and our obtainable information level at hand,the integrated approaches with intelligent characters are proposed. Many previous standard methods,such as precedent type analysis,rock classification,analytic method stress-based,basic numerical methods (BEM,FEM,DEM,hybrid),and their extended numerical methods (fully coupled) to be developed,can be selected respectively or integrated accordingly. It is alternative to develop basic/fully integrated system,and internet-based approaches. These novel methods can also be selected or integrated each other or with the standard methods to perform rock mechanics analysis. Some key techniques to develop these alternative methods are discussed. It may focus in future on developing fully integrated systems and internet-based approaches. Developing an environmental,virtual facility/space shall be firstly done for this collaborative research on internet.

Product Development Process Simulation for Concurrent Engineering

The simulation of a product development process for concurrent engineering has beenmotivated by the desire to increase productivity by improving the product development pro-cess.In this paper,the IDEF3 process description capture method is discussed.On the basisof IDEF3 method,a simulation system of the product development process for concurrent en-gineering is developed.The architecture of the simulation system is proposed.The simula-tion model is built using object-oriented approach.It employs an event scheduling approachto emulate the product development process.The simulation mechanism based on messagepassing:is also presented.

Multi-scale Approaches toward Sustainable Development

Approaches toward the sustainable development need integrated considerations of technical, economical, environmental/ecological and social issues. Current approaches from different disciplines can be grouped into at least three levels: micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale. At the micro-scale, green chemistry carries out chemical activities such as chemical design and synthesis so that environmentally benign chemicals can be synthesized without using and generating hazardous substances. Green engineering, at the meso-scale, develops green industrial processes or clean technologies via pollution prevention and cleaner production, which will cause minimal damages or dangers to the environment and ecosystems when the product is manufactured and used. Industrial ecology at the industrial complex or community level seeks to optimize energy and materials use and minimize waste generation in industrial systems or communities by promoting planned materials and energy exchanges. Incorporation of ecological principles with the life cycle thinking in the chemical pathway synthesis, product design, process development, and industrial system and community planning appears to be the most promising engineering approach in achieving sustainable industrial development.

Mechanics analysis of vehicle bumping at approach slabs with superelevation

In order to analyze the pavement stress caused by vehicle bumping at an approach slab, a simplified four-wheeled bi- axle vehicle-moving model is proposed. The effect of damping and vibration reduction in the process of vehicle-moving is not considered. Based on the position change of vehicle wheels at the approach slab, the vehicle dynamic vibration equations are summarized. Meanwhile, the undetermined coefficients of the vibration equations are obtained using the boundary and initial conditions of the vehicle. The analytical motion solutions of rear and front wheels at different stages are concluded. Consequently, a four-wheeled vehicle model is developed and vibration equations are provided, which can be used to analyze the impact of complicated stress on pavement. The results show that the excessive stress and stress concentration will occur at the approach slab, and it needs to be strengthened.

An Integrated Approach for Decision Support through Multi-objective Optimization with Application to an Ill-posed Design Problem

In the current scenario of global competition and short product life cycles, customer-defined satisfaction has attracted interest in artifact design. Accordingly, intelligent decision-making through multi-objective optimization has been proposed as an efficient method for human-centered manufacturing. However, previous vast researches on optimization have been mainly focused on optimization theory and optimization techniques and paid little interests on the process of problem formulation itself. In this paper, therefore, the authors present a total framework for supporting multi-objective decision making. Then, the authors try to solve the formulated multi-objective optimization problem that involves both qualitative and quantitative performance measures as a general consequence from the above procedure. Taking especially quality as a qualitative measure, the authors gave a new idea to evaluate the quality quantitatively. Additionally, to facilitate the portability of the proposed method in multidisciplinary decision-making environments, the authors implement the proposal algorithm in an Excel spreadsheet and validate the effectiveness of the approach through a case study.

高速公路隧道接近段视错觉控速标线信息感知研究

由于高速公路隧道洞口处存在黑洞效应,且隧道内外限速存在差异,因此,高速公路隧道洞口处成为事故高发路段。为了改善高速公路隧道洞口处行车的安全舒适性,常在隧道接近段布设视错觉控速标线给予驾驶员视觉冲击,起到提醒驾驶员安全减速的作用。本研究利用UC-win/Road软件建立仿真模型,通过室内模拟驾驶平台进行仿真试验,利用眼动仪对驾驶员视觉信息感知进行测量,选取物理指标速度降低率、最大减速度值和生理指标瞳孔直径变化率作为评价指标。基于加权RSR综合评价法,分别对行车道上不同闪现率的车速增加式视错觉控速标线(横向形、鱼刺形)和车道压缩式视错觉控速标线(正梳齿形、斜梳齿形)进行减速效果评价。结果表明:4种视错觉控速标线都具有影响驾驶员感知信息的能力,其影响程度从大到小为鱼刺形、横向形、正梳齿形、斜梳齿形;相同类型不同闪现率的视错觉控速标线减速效果存在差异性,相同闪现率下车速增加式视错觉控速标线减速效果较车道压缩式视错觉控速标线好;在满足行车舒适度要求下,快车道推荐布设闪现率为8 Hz的横向形视错觉控速标线,慢车道推荐布设闪现率为8 Hz的鱼刺形视错觉控速标线。

2023年度工程与材料科学部基金项目评审工作综述

本文总结了2023年度国家自然科学基金委员会工程与材料科学部项目评审工作情况,对各类项目申请、受理、评审和资助情况进行了整理及分析,重点回顾了本年度工程与材料科学部深化科学基金改革新举措及实施成效,并提出了下一年度评审工作的思路及建议,以进一步提高工程与材料科学基础研究资助质量。

新工科背景下智能制造工程专业教学探索与实践

为应对“中国制造2025”国家战略,顺应新工科背景下高等工程教育改革发展,国家提出建设智能制造新工科专业。智能制造工程专业在强数理基础上,基于机械学科主干知识体系,融入控制、计算机、人工智能等信息学科知识,探索“数字化+网络化+智能化”时代背景下,新技术特色的智能制造理论课程体系;同时,为有利于学生系统掌握交叉学科知识,实践教学体系通过打通专业交叉知识之间的边界,破除知识孤岛,以工程项目为导向构建实践教学内容,探讨适应智能制造工程专业人才培养的实践教学体系。智能制造工程专业教学探索与实践将促进新工科专业知识之间的交叉融合,逐步适应未来制造领域发展的新需要,有效提升高等教育机械工程专业复合型高端人才的培养质量。

ECOD算法在飞机不稳定进近检测中的应用

在飞机进近和着陆阶段,一旦发生不稳定进近就可能导致航空事故发生,因此终端空域内不稳定进近检测是航空器运行监控领域的热点研究问题。针对终端区的不稳定进近检测,利用OpenSky提供的开源航空器监视数据提出了基于数据驱动的检测方法。从能量管理的角度入手,构建基于无监督异常检测(Empirical-Cumulative-Distribution-based Outlier Detection,ECOD)算法的不稳定进近检测模型,并结合主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis,PCA),获取了飞机能量状态的异常评分进而实现检测。复飞事件检测的验证分析结果表明检测模型在准确率与效率方面具有优势,模型可实现实时部署与在线更新。

地方工科大学“工程化”的时代意蕴与发展策略——基于浙江工业大学的案例分析

地方工科大学应避免陷入工程教育“理科化”的单向失衡,实现科学教育与工程教育二元融合的“工程化”。通过分析浙江工业大学“工程化”的实践探索,提出地方工科大学“工程化”建设应立足自身定位,面向国家和区域重大需求,打造工程特色鲜明的路径支撑,构建有组织的工程科研结构,依托优势学科设置交叉学科专业和科研大平台,培养出复合型、创新型的工程科学技术人才。

基于行船视距的船舶会遇安全距离研究

近年来船舶交通流量大幅增加,船舶会遇愈加频繁。为降低船舶会遇避让时的碰撞危险,在行车视距基础上,提出行船视距的概念,并引入航速、避让航向角等参数,构建基于行船视距的船舶领域模型,船舶采取避让操作时,可利用该模型判断应与他船保持的安全距离和最佳航速及避让航向角。从仿真结果发现:船舶追越时应尽量与他船保持3.5倍船长以上距离,并在船尾与他船达到2倍船长以上距离时回到原航向;对遇时应尽量与他船保持7倍船长以上距离采取避让,如果航道宽裕,避让时应尽量与他船横距保持1.8倍船长以上,如果航道较窄,也应尽量保证船舶在可航水域内进行大角度避让,并与他船横距保持0.72倍船长以上。研究结果可为实际船舶避让提供指导建议。

基于任务驱动法的继电保护综合实训在电气工程毕业实习中的应用

主要研究继电保护综合实训在电气工程及自动化专业毕业实习中的教学创新与实践。首先介绍了继电保护综合实训的背景和意义,详细描述了实施该实训教学的步骤和措施,包括实验设备的配置和连接,实验操作的流程等;其次,提出创新分解式任务驱动法,该方法将继电保护综合实训融入实习环节,使学生深入学习继电保护装置的工作原理和应用技术,提高其实际操作能力、问题解决能力;最后,论述了教学评价标准和实训报告要求。该综合实训教学创新对学生的素质提升和职业发展具有积极影响,对于电气工程及自动化专业毕业实习的改进和发展具有重要参考价值。

基于二维云模型的进近管制系统安全风险评估

进近管制系统的安全运行是确保民航运输安全的关键。安全风险评估是风险管理的基础,其可以提升安全风险管理效率,提高系统整体运行的安全性。同时考虑安全风险因素和安全风险事件,从管制员风险、设备风险、气象环境风险、管制环境风险和管理风险等5大方面建立进近管制系统安全风险评估指标体系;通过二维云模型得到某进近管制系统的安全风险等级为Ⅲ级并与一维云模型对比,证明评估模型具有有效性。将组合赋权的方法与改进的层次分析法和CRITIC法作对比分析,结果表明:组合赋权的方法不仅减少了主观随意性,还中和了主客观权重的不足;使用组合赋权-二维云模型进行进近管制系统安全风险评估结果更加准确。

“数字电子技术”课程的任务驱动法教学探究

数字电子技术课程,作为电类及相关专业的基础课程,在整个专业的课程体系中具有重要的基础地位,同时它也是一门实践性较强的专业基础课。在新工科理念所倡导的培养现代工程师目标中,传统的理论讲授和实验实践存在教学方案设计刻板、缺少对学生的吸引力、缺少实际的工程应用等诸多不足。根据对传统授课的总结,结合任务驱动法的教学思路,在保持传统授课的方式下,增加对知识点应用情境的分析和任务分解,将课程的各知识点拉入学生的最近发展区,从而实现对传统授课方式的改进和提升。

安全工程专业工程教育认证与注册安全工程师衔接的实践研究——以辽宁工程技术大学为例

针对安全工程专业工程教育认证与注册安全工程师如何衔接的问题,参考国外工程师培养与成长衔接实践,开展专业认证标准与注册安全工程师执业资格标准衔接研究。在分析中国注册安全工程师执业资格标准的基础上,确定安全工程专业培养目标、毕业要求以及培养内容,探索安全工程专业认证标准与注册安全工程师职业资格标准有效衔接的实现路径。研究表明:通过认证的安全工程专业培养的人才能够达到注册安全工程师执业资格标准的要求。研究结论为进一步提高安全工程专业人才培养质量提供参考。

“土地利用工程”课程思政融合、导入与实现路径

深化专业课程思政建设是立德树人背景下实现“三全育人”的有效途径。“土地利用工程”是高校土地资源管理相关专业的必修课程,是进行大学生思想政治教育的重要环节。提出了“明确思政目标—挖掘思政元素—建立实施路径”的“土地利用工程”课程思政教学模式,在确定育人目标的基础上,从七个角度挖掘思政元素,并构建了“四堂互动—三阶递进—二元协同”的课程思政实现路径,以期达到思想政治教育在课程教学过程中的自然渗透和有效迁移,实现协同育人,为“土地利用工程”课程思政建设提供借鉴。