基于BIM的公路工程标准化EBS分解方法

工程结构分解(EBS)是公路工程全寿命周期信息化管理的基础。为了提高公路工程建设期信息化水平,基于BIM技术应用,提出了公路工程标准化EBS分解方法。标准化分解方法根据工程中不同路段,梳理专业划分以及空间位置划分原则,并依据行业标准,确定标准化EBS结构的叶子节点,提供公路工程EBS结构树模板示例。研究结果旨在提高高速公路数字化交付中的数据处理标准建设,为实施公路工程数字化提供基础支持。

高温燃气环境下SiCf/SiC和SiC_(f)/SiC-EBC复合材料力学性能及损伤

航空发动机中的碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC_(f)/SiC)因承受高温高速燃烧气体的氧化腐蚀而发生损伤甚至失效。本工作利用燃气发生装置模拟航空发动机中复杂燃气环境,将以一定比例混合后的航空煤油与液氧燃料点燃,形成高温高速燃烧气体对材料进行考核。对SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料分别进行1200℃燃气环境10 h氧化实验和1000次热冲击实验,探究环境屏障涂层(environmental barrier coating,EBC)对SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料的防护作用。对燃气环境考核后的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料和SiC_(f)/SiC-EBC复合材料进行单轴拉伸强度测试,并利用扫描电镜对其断口及截面微观形貌进行观察。结果表明:在燃气环境下氧化10 h后,SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料和SiC_(f)/SiC-EBC复合材料内部没有发生明显的界面层及纤维氧化,单轴拉伸强度下降不到2%;在燃气环境下经过1000次热冲击后,在SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料内部形成多处微裂纹并发生了界面层的氧化腐蚀,单轴拉伸强度下降41.3%;EBC涂层可以有效保护SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料免受高温燃气的氧化腐蚀,SiC_(f)/SiC-EBC复合材料在经过1000次热冲击后的单轴拉伸强度下降16.6%。

Improvement strategy on thermophysical properties of A_(2)B_(2)O_(7)-type rare earth zirconates for thermal barrier coatings applications:A review

The A_(2)B_(2)O_(7)-type rare earth zirconate compounds have been considered as promising candidates for thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials because of their low sintering rate,improved phase stability,and reduced thermal conductivity in contrast with the currently used yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in high operating temperature environments.This review summarizes the recent progress on rare earth zirconates for TBCs that insulate high-temperature gas from hot-section components in gas turbines.Based on the first principles,molecular dynamics,and new data-driven calculation approaches,doping and high-entropy strategies have now been adopted in advanced TBC materials design.In this paper,the solid-state heat transfer mechanism of TBCs is explained from two aspects,including heat conduction over the full operating temperature range and thermal radiation at medium and high temperature.This paper also provides new insights into design considerations of adaptive TBC materials,and the challenges and potential breakthroughs are further highlighted for extreme environmental applications.Strategies for improving thermophysical performance are proposed in two approaches:defect engineering and material compositing.

GENE ENGINEERING EB VIRUS MEMBRANE ANTIGEN IN DETECTION OF MA-IgA ANTIBODY(COMPARISON WITH VCA-IgA AND EA-IgA ANTIBODIES)

With gene engineering EB virus membrane antigen as the diagnostic antigen, indirect immunofluo-rescence (IF) assay was used to detect IgA antibody against EB virus membrane antigen (MA-IgA) in sera from 202 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and 315 controls (normal and patients with other tumors). MA-IgA antibody was positive in 96.8% of the pretreatment NPC patients with a GMT of 1:36.3. MA-IgA detection by this method was more sensitive than EA-IgA detection by IE. In contrast, patients with tumors other than NPC were negative for MA-IgA antibody. 9.1% of VCA-IgA positive persons were MA-IgA positive with a GMT of less than 1:5. No MA-IgA positive was found in VCA-IgA negatives. The results indicated that this method was relatively specific. In the treatment group, the positive rate and GMT of MA-IgA antibody declined with increase in survival time and the decline was faster than VCA-IgA. When recurrence or distant metastasis developed, similar to VCA-IgA and EA-IgA antibodies, the positive rate and GMT of MA-IgA antibody increased to its pretreatment level. Therefore, MA-IgA detection might be valuable in the early diagnosis and monitor of NPC.

基于制动舒适性的商用车EBS控制策略

基于商用车EBS系统,利用踏板速度辨识驾驶员非紧急制动意图;根据滑移率到达特定值时的附着系数实时识别路面状况;根据路面条件和驾驶员舒适感限值确定最大制动减速度值;并根据前后轴荷和质心位置,对车辆前后轴的制动力进行理想分配,从而建立了基于舒适性策略的EBS系统非紧急制动状态下的控制策略,并通过TruckSim与Simulink联合仿真的方法验证了控制效果。

Swelling ability and behaviour of bentonite-based materials for deep repository engineered barrier systems:Influence of physical,chemical and thermal factors

Compacted bentonite-sand(B/S)mixtures have been used as a barrier material in engineered barrier systems(EBSs)of deep geological repositories(DGR)to store nuclear wastes.This study investigates the individual and combined effects of different chemical compositions of deep groundwaters(chemical factor)at potential repository sites in Canada(the Trenton and Guelph regions in Ontario),heat generated in DGRs(thermal factor),dry densities and mass ratios of bentonite and sand mixtures(physical factors)on the swelling behavior and ability of bentonite-based materials.In this study,swelling tests are conducted on B/S mixtures with different B/S mix ratios(20/80 to 70/30),compacted at different dry densities(ρd=1.6-2 g/cm^(3)),saturated with different types of water(distilled water and simulated deep groundwater of Trenton and Guelph)and exposed to different temperatures(20℃-80℃).Moreover,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests and X-ray diffractometry(XRD)analyses are carried out to evaluate the morphological,microstructural and mineralogical characteristics of the B/S mixtures.The test results indicate that the swelling potential of the B/S mixtures is significantly affected by these physical and chemical factors as well as the combined effects of the chemical and thermal factors.A significant decrease in the swelling capacity is observed when the B/S materials are exposed to the aforementioned groundwaters.A large decrease in the swelling capacity is observed for higher bentonite content in the mixtures.Moreover,higher temperatures intensify the chemically-induced reduction of the swelling capacity of the B/S barrier materials.This decrease in the swelling capacity is caused by the chemical and/or microstructural changes of the materials.The results from this research will help engineers to design and build EBSs for DGRs with similar groundwater and thermal conditions.

Role of bioengineering structures made of willow cuttings in marly sediment trapping: assessment of three real-size experiments in the Southern French Alps

Improving knowledge on the ability of bioengineering structures made of willow cuttings to enhance efficient and sustainable sediment trapping in marly gullies in the Southern French Alps under a mountainous Mediterranean climate, to decreasesediment trapped per experiment, the mean annual values reached 0.25, 0.14 and 0.08 m3 yr-1 in experiments C, A and B, respectively. Maximum values for one structure reached 1.94 m3 per year in experiment C. The significance of the volumes ofsediment yield at their outlets, is a key issue today for the international scientific community working in geosciences and ecology. This study therefore aims to assess three real-size experiments(A, B and C) carried out between 2003 and 2013 in this environment. A total of 157 bioengineering structures using purple and white willow(Salix purpurea and Salix incana)cuttings – which have been shown to resprout and survive more than 2 years after their installation,corresponding to brush layers with brush mats on wooden sills(BLM), 1.2 m wide and 2 m long,installed on the floors of 33 experimental marly gullies, were monitored. The results showed that sediment trapping occurred upstream of the vegetation barriers from the 1 st year onwards.Considering the depth of sediment trapped per experiment, the mean annual values reached 11.2 cm yr-1 after 3 years in experiment A, 7.7 cm yr-1 after 2–4 years in experiment C and 5.1 cm yr-1 after 5 years in experiment B. Occasionally, BLMs showed that they could trap up to 16 and 15 cm yr-1 in experiments A and C, respectively. Considering the volumes oftrapped sediment and the sustainability of sediment trapping are discussed, and rules for bioengineering strategies are proposed.

Microscale tissue-engineered models:overcoming barriers to adoption for neural regeneration research

The last decade has seen a steady proliferation in the use of tissue-engineered cell culture systems（Deforest and Anseth,2012）,and these have been put to good use for studying neural axon growth and guidance（Li and Hoffman-Kim,2008;Roy et al.,2013）.These systems have been designed to more closely mimic the natural microenvironment of the developing or repairing nervous system and to enable spatiotemporal control over certain aspects of the microenvironment.

电气设计软件Engineering Base的介绍及应用实例

以φ11220泥水平衡盾构的设计为例,主要介绍Engineering Base软件和传统制图软件,设计方式的区别及其在工程实例的运用。

Failure of EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Loading

Thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） were developed to protect metallic blades and vanes working in turbo-engines. The two-layered structure TBCs, consisting of NiCoCrAlY bond coat and yttria stabilized zirconia （YSZ）, were deposited on a cylinder of superalloy substrate by the electron beam-physical vapor deposition （EB-PVD）. The failure mechanism of the TBCs was investigated with a thermo-mechanical fatigue testing system under the service condition similar to that for turbine blades. Non-destructive evaluation of the coated specimens was conducted through the impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the crack initiation mainly takes place on the top coat at the edge of the heated zones.

Applying chemical engineering concepts to non-thermal plasma reactors

Process scale-up remains a considerable challenge for environmental applications of non-thermal plasmas.Undersanding the impact of reactor hydrodynamics in the performance of the process is a key step to overcome this challenge.In this work,we apply chemical engineering concepts to analyse the impact that different non-thermal plasma reactor configurations and regimes,such as laminar or plug flow,may have on the reactor performance.We do this in the particular context of the removal of pollutants by non-thermal plasmas,for which a simplified model is available.We generalise this model to different reactor configurations and,under certain hypotheses,we show that a reactor in the laminar regime may have a behaviour significantly different from one in the plug flow regime,often assumed in the non-thermal plasma literature.On the other hand,we show that a packed-bed reactor behaves very similarly to one in the plug flow regime.Beyond those results,the reader will find in this work a quick introduction to chemical reaction engineering concepts.

Contact engineering for two-dimensional semiconductors

Two-dimensional(2D)layered materials,including graphene,black phosphorus(BP)and transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)such as molybdenum disulfide(Mo S2),tungsten diselenide(WSe2),have attracted increasing attention for the application in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Contacts,which are the communication links between these 2D materials and external circuitry,have significant effects on the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices.However,the performance of devices based on 2D semiconductors(SCs)is often limited by the contacts.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview of the basic physics and role of contacts in 2D SCs,elucidating Schottky barrier nature and Fermi level pinning effect at metal/2D SCs contact interface.The progress of contact engineering,including traditional metals contacts and metallic 2D materials contacts,for improving the performance of 2D SCs based devices is presented.Traditional metal contacts,named 3D top and edge contacts,are discussed briefly.Meanwhile,methods of building 2D materials contacts(2D top contact and 2D edge contact)are discussed in detail,such as chemical vapor deposition(CVD)growth of 2D metallic material contacts,phase engineered metallic phase contacts and intercalation induced metallic state contacts.Finally,the challenges and opportunities of contact engineering for 2D SCs are outlined.

Intravenous injection of AAV-PHP.eB across the blood-brain barrier in the adult mouse for central nervous system gene therapy

Objective To verify the neurotypicality of AAV-PHP.eB after tail vein injection in adult mice and its efficiency in crossing the blood-brain barrier(BBB).Methods The rAAV-SYN-GFP plasmid was constructed, and adult C57 BL mice were injected with AAV PHP.eB: SYN-GFP in the tail vein(300 nL, virus titer 3 × 10~9 vg) and in the prefrontal lobe(50 L, virus tite5 × 10^(11) vg). The green fluorescent protein(GFP) signal in the brain was observed at two weeks, while the GFP signal in the peripheral organs was observed at four weeks. Results Two weeks after tail vein injection, GFP expression was observed throughout the brain especially in the cortex, hippocampus, and geniculate nucleus. No GFP signal was observed or detected by western blotting in the peripheral organs after four weeks. GFP signal was observed mainly at the loca site after prefrontal lobe injection.Conclusion AAV-PHP.eB: SYN-GFP can effectively cross the BBB in adult mice. Using a neuron-specific promoter allows exogenous gene expression in neurons; therefore, AAV-PHP.eB can be used as an effective carrier for studying diseases in the central nervous system(CNS).

FEM ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STRESSES IN GRADIENT THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS PRODUCED BY EB-PVD

Gradient thermal barrier coatings (GTBCs) produced by co-deposition of mixtures ofAl-Al2 O3-YSZ onto metallic bond coat exhibited longer lifetimes than the two-layeredTBCs. The finite element method (FEM) numerical models were used to investigatestress and strain states in the GTBCs and traditional two-layered TBCs as they cooledto 750℃ from a stress-free state at 850℃.

EB-PVD在热障涂层中的失效研究分析

电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)是航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层(TBCs)的先进制备技术。随着EB-PVD TBCs的深入研究,TBCs失效也引起了众多研究者的重视。对EB-PVD TBCs的TGO(热生长氧化物)生长失效和CMAS(钙、镁、铝和硅酸盐)高温侵蚀失效两种主要机制进行了总结,分析了其失效机制和影响因素,以期为EB-PVD在TBCs中的应用提供理论基础。

基于FAHP的全过程工程咨询模式推行障碍影响因素研究

近年来,国家大力支持工程项目实施全过程工程咨询。通过文献研究法,识别全过程工程咨询模式推行过程中障碍的影响因素,运用模糊层次综合评价法(FAHP)进行研究,说明推行障碍的影响因素权重及评价等级,并针对所得结果提出相应的对策及建议。通过对全过程工程咨询模式推行障碍的影响因素进行研究,找出关键影响因素,为全过程工程咨询模式的发展提供理论支持与借鉴意义。

EB-PVD热障涂层对高温合金基体断裂特征影响的研究

采用EB -PVD方法在K3合金上 (包括铸态和经标准热处理两种状态 )沉积了由NiCoCrAlY金属粘结层和YSZ涂层顶层组成的双层结构的热障涂层 .对未涂层和涂层试样的拉伸性能进行了评估 ,并分析了涂层的制备和中间处理过程中基体的微观结构的变化 .结果表明 ,在热障涂层的沉积以及中间处理过程中 (真空前处理及后处理 ) ,基体的铸态组织得到改善 ,产生了析出强化 ,使得在铸态K3合金基体上沉积热障涂层后基体的拉伸强度由 80 0MPa提高到 10 5 0MPa 。

EB-PVD热障涂层对激光打孔孔径及热循环后孔径变化影响的研究

在试样上用激光打了不同孔径、不同方向的冷却孔 ,采用电子束物理气相沉积 (EB PVD)的方法在已打孔的试样上涂覆MCrAlY粘接层和ZrO2 陶瓷层 ,观察和计算其孔径大小变化 ;然后对试样进行了热循环处理 ,以比较热循环前后的孔径变化。初步实验结果表明 :激光打孔的入射角 ,对孔径变化影响不大 ;原始孔径增大 ,施以涂层后其相对变化就较小 ,采用EB PVD的方法在已打孔的试样上涂覆ZrO2 陶瓷层后其孔径比原始孔径至少减少了 15 % ;在热循环试验前后 ,绝大部分孔径变化较小 ,而其总趋势是由大变小 ,孔径减少约5

基于EBE方法的三维有限元并行计算

在水利工程中,施工过程的模拟、动力的时域分析、开裂计算等,都对大规模并行计算提出了迫切的需求。然而,基于高斯消去的有限元直接解法,通常会占用大量的内存,并花费大量的CPU时间。而水利工程中的问题多为大带宽问题,这些问题更为突出。基于EBE-PCG方法的有限元方法,可以避免形成整体刚度矩阵,进而,显著减少内存的需求。而且,这种方法可以有效地并行实现,为大规模数值计算提供了可能。采用基于EBE策略的Jacobi预处理共轭梯度法,编制了有限元计算程序,并成功应用于溪洛渡、锦屏等工程的大规模数值分析。结果表明,对水利工程中的大带宽问题,该方法是一种很有效的并行计算方法。