I provide some science and reflections from my experiences working in geophysics,along with connections to computational and data sciences,including recent developments in machine learning.I highlight several individu...I provide some science and reflections from my experiences working in geophysics,along with connections to computational and data sciences,including recent developments in machine learning.I highlight several individuals and groups who have influenced me,both through direct collaborations as well as from ideas and insights that I have learned from.While my reflections are rooted in geophysics,they should also be relevant to other computational scientific and engineering fields.I also provide some thoughts for young,applied scientists and engineers.展开更多
By combining machine learning with the design of experiments,thereby achieving so-called active machine learning,more efficient and cheaper research can be conducted.Machine learning algorithms are more flexible and a...By combining machine learning with the design of experiments,thereby achieving so-called active machine learning,more efficient and cheaper research can be conducted.Machine learning algorithms are more flexible and are better than traditional design of experiment algorithms at investigating processes spanning all length scales of chemical engineering.While active machine learning algorithms are maturing,their applications are falling behind.In this article,three types of challenges presented by active machine learning—namely,convincing the experimental researcher,the flexibility of data creation,and the robustness of active machine learning algorithms—are identified,and ways to overcome them are discussed.A bright future lies ahead for active machine learning in chemical engineering,thanks to increasing automation and more efficient algorithms that can drive novel discoveries.展开更多
Abstract： Innovation is a process of taking an original idea and converting it into a business value, in which the engineers face some inventive problems which can be solved hardly by experience. TRIZ, as a new theor...Abstract： Innovation is a process of taking an original idea and converting it into a business value, in which the engineers face some inventive problems which can be solved hardly by experience. TRIZ, as a new theory for companies in China, provides both conceptual and procedural knowledge for finding and solving inventive problems. Because the government plays a leading role in the diffusion of TRIZ, too many companies from different industries are waiting to be trained, but the quantity of the trainers mastering TRIZ is incompatible with that requirement. In this context, to improve the training effect, an interactive training model of TRIZ for the mechanical engineers in China is developed and the implementation in the form of training classes is carried out. The training process is divided into 6 phases as follows： selecting engineers, training stage-l, finding problems, training stage-2, finding solutions and summing up. The government, TRIZ institutions and companies to join the programs interact during the process. The government initiates and monitors a project in form of a training class of TRIZ and selects companies to join the programs. Each selected companies choose a few engineers to join the class and supervises the training result. The TRIZ institutions design the training courses and carry out training curriculum. With the beginning of the class, an effective communication channel is established by means of interview, discussion face to face, E-mail, QQ and so on. After two years training practices, the results show that innovative abilities of the engineers to join and pass the final examinations increased distinctly, and most of companies joined the training class have taken congnizance of the power of TRIZ for product innovation. This research proposes an interactive training model of TRIZ for mechanical engineers in China to expedite the knowledge diffusion of TRIZ.展开更多
As expert systems technology has matured and migrated into mainstream computing, there arestill areas which are overlooked in education prospective knowledge engineers. This paper addresses this issue, and provides a ...As expert systems technology has matured and migrated into mainstream computing, there arestill areas which are overlooked in education prospective knowledge engineers. This paper addresses this issue, and provides a message to educators that expert and knowledge-based systems should be an importantstrategic science and technology for many organizations.展开更多
Japanese clinical engineer(CE) is a significant and unique profession compared with other nations with its dual clinical and technology focus and national licensing. The CE system of licensing was established in May 1...Japanese clinical engineer(CE) is a significant and unique profession compared with other nations with its dual clinical and technology focus and national licensing. The CE system of licensing was established in May 1987 under the Clinical Engineers Act. CEs are required to complete 3 to 4 years in designated schools and pass a national examination. It is a professional medical position responsible for the operation and maintenance of life-support and non-life-support medical device systems under the direction of physicians. Currently approximately 70 educational institutes- including technical colleges and universities- provide diverse and wide-ranging curricula from engineering to various clinical disciplines to produce CEs. Since clinical practice training is mandatory as a part of institute work, an important approach for CEs is gained by working in hospitals. The comprehensive curricula and the licensing system in Japan together serve to keep the appropriate quantity and quality of CEs. The Japan Association for Clinical Engineers(JACE) was established in February 1990; one of its aims is to support improvement of CEs throughout their careers through various lectures, seminars, on-the-job trainings, workshops, and an annual member meeting. New CEs can now take advantage of video e-learning. For junior CEs, there are seminars for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, blood purification, heart-lung bypass, respiratory therapy, operating room, intensive care unit, arrhythmia and aphaeresis related devices, as well as healthcare technology management(HTM). Also, the institutes provide a leadership seminar alongside this clinical practice training. Besides the licensing process, a proper certification system for CEs is a critical element in the clinical field. This enhances the ability of CEs to engage in more extensive duties and develop specialties, as well as to provide better healthcare. Associated societies provide certification with technology qualifications in dialysis, extracorporeal circulation, respiratory therapy, clinical medical devices, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and aphaeresis treatment. JACE also launched a unique certification system in 2010, with specializations in blood purification, arrhythmia, respiratory, and hyperbaric oxygen care. What is the difference between certification by the associated societies and that offered by JACE? Certification by the associated societies provides basic knowledge to pass specialty examinations. Certifications by JACE promote deeper knowledge to enhance clinical decisionmaking and to encourage wider experience. JACE also continues to investigate other certifications. In summary, Japan has introduced a national licensing system for keeping an intake of constant quality and quantity of CEs. Additionally, ongoing workshops and seminars stimulate in-depth knowledge and a higher level of medical care for patients. Together, a system of lifelong education for CEs has been built.展开更多
Background Generally speaking. Chinese college graduates in the fifties and sixties took Russian as their second language, and those who graduated in the seventies had no second language to speak of. Now, in the years...Background Generally speaking. Chinese college graduates in the fifties and sixties took Russian as their second language, and those who graduated in the seventies had no second language to speak of. Now, in the years of our Open Door Policy, they find they have to learn some English and learn it quickly. They try to learn from radio and TV and many take English courses of 4 to 6 months, with varying degree of success. Their chief stumbling blocks展开更多
The use of information technology （IT） in construction is expanding rapidly. More and more architecture, engineering, and construction companies are adopting new technologies in software design to help accelerate an...The use of information technology （IT） in construction is expanding rapidly. More and more architecture, engineering, and construction companies are adopting new technologies in software design to help accelerate and accurately carry out their functions. Based on a research study carried out in Southern Nevada with a questionnaire survey of 54 construction-related firms, this study aims to compare the types and extent of IT use by architects, engineers, and contractors. It also explores the level of IT skills possessed by professionals working in the industry. The study found that architects mostly used design software whereas engineers and contractors used scheduling and estimating software. All of the respondents believed that IT helped to improve their work productivity. The majority of the respondents thought that IT is useful for Construction Management （CM） students： engineers and architects thought that CM students should take more scheduling and estimating software courses and contractors thought that they should take more scheduling and quantity take-off software courses.展开更多
The World Engineers’ Convention2004(WEC2004)was held onNovember 2-6,2004 in Shanghai,China. The motto of the conventionis“Engineers Shape the SustainableFuture.”It advocates that engineersshould take the task of ma...The World Engineers’ Convention2004(WEC2004)was held onNovember 2-6,2004 in Shanghai,China. The motto of the conventionis“Engineers Shape the SustainableFuture.”It advocates that engineersshould take the task of makingpeople’s life better and commit tocreating a new world.Engineers should be well awareof their responsibilities:developingnew technologies and making good展开更多
The ＂Education and training plan of excellence engineers＂ is the base to comprehensively improve the training quality of the engineering talents, and is the power and guarantee of our country to march towards the gr...The ＂Education and training plan of excellence engineers＂ is the base to comprehensively improve the training quality of the engineering talents, and is the power and guarantee of our country to march towards the great power of the engineering education fi＇om the engineering educational power. In the training process, not only it is required to complete the training and improvement of the theoretical knowledge, the practical abilities and the engineering qualities in the colleges, but it also needs the active participation and the close cooperation of the enterprises. Therefore, the students will have the influence of the effects and edification from the university culture, the project culture and the enterprise culture, and will feel the power and benefits a variety of cultures bring about by interleaving. This paper expounds the important position and the function of the university culture, the project culture, and the enterprise culture in the personal training, and elucidates that the complete fusion of the three is the social ideal and support to complete the task of cultivating the outstanding engineers.展开更多
There are four engineers traveling in a car;a mechanical engineer,a chemical engi-neer,an electrical engineer and a comput-er engineer.The car breaks down.“Sounds to me as if the pistons have seized.We ll have to str...There are four engineers traveling in a car;a mechanical engineer,a chemical engi-neer,an electrical engineer and a comput-er engineer.The car breaks down.“Sounds to me as if the pistons have seized.We ll have to strip down the engine before we canget the car working again,”says the展开更多
FOR Martine DiengAwa and Seydou KaThierno. two 18-year-old classmates from Kolda Town in south Senegal, the prospect of studying abroad after high school seemed an unimaginable and almost impossible dream. Little did ...FOR Martine DiengAwa and Seydou KaThierno. two 18-year-old classmates from Kolda Town in south Senegal, the prospect of studying abroad after high school seemed an unimaginable and almost impossible dream. Little did they know that they would end up a few months later being classmates again, but this time in faraway China,展开更多
The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wid...The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, hut benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confrontingprocess systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibilityand uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture propertiesand function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to driveagility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality ofdata through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that allkey aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns requireaccurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will requireus to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainablesolutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that isdifficult to predict.展开更多
China has been the largest country in terms of the scale of higher engineering education in the world. The training plan of excellent engineers (TPEE) that launched in 2010 is to train various types of high-quality en...China has been the largest country in terms of the scale of higher engineering education in the world. The training plan of excellent engineers (TPEE) that launched in 2010 is to train various types of high-quality engineers and technical personnel who have strong innovative abilities and meet the need of economic and social development. The theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), as a scientific methodology to solve innovation problems, provides a theoretical basis and practical guideline for the training of excellent engineers. This paper analyzes the teaching philosophy and methods for the training of excellent engineers within TRIZ framework from the demand perspective, and then discusses the enlightenment of disseminating TRIZ in the following aspects, such as TRIZ application in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, faculty development, platform development of innovative education and so on.展开更多
Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing th...Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.展开更多
A woman-adorned in a heavy,custom-made,metal-shielding suit-is hard at work,dozens of meters above the ground.Arcs of electricity flicker at her fingertips,and the crackling sound of current lingers in her ears.Lookin...A woman-adorned in a heavy,custom-made,metal-shielding suit-is hard at work,dozens of meters above the ground.Arcs of electricity flicker at her fingertips,and the crackling sound of current lingers in her ears.Looking up from the ground,the engineer,working on an electric tower,resembles a nimble dancer,gracefully navigating along the power lines connecting various pylons.This is a typical workday for a live-line-maintenance engineer with State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company.In North China's Tianjin Municipality,women engineers-many of whom born after 1990-are proving they are as capable and dedicated as their male counterparts.展开更多
文摘I provide some science and reflections from my experiences working in geophysics,along with connections to computational and data sciences,including recent developments in machine learning.I highlight several individuals and groups who have influenced me,both through direct collaborations as well as from ideas and insights that I have learned from.While my reflections are rooted in geophysics,they should also be relevant to other computational scientific and engineering fields.I also provide some thoughts for young,applied scientists and engineers.
基金financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders(FWO Flanders)through the doctoral fellowship grants(1185822N,1S45522N,and 3F018119)funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(818607)。
文摘By combining machine learning with the design of experiments,thereby achieving so-called active machine learning,more efficient and cheaper research can be conducted.Machine learning algorithms are more flexible and are better than traditional design of experiment algorithms at investigating processes spanning all length scales of chemical engineering.While active machine learning algorithms are maturing,their applications are falling behind.In this article,three types of challenges presented by active machine learning—namely,convincing the experimental researcher,the flexibility of data creation,and the robustness of active machine learning algorithms—are identified,and ways to overcome them are discussed.A bright future lies ahead for active machine learning in chemical engineering,thanks to increasing automation and more efficient algorithms that can drive novel discoveries.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51275153,51105128)National Innovation Project of China(Grant No.2011IM010200)Social Science Planning Fund Program of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.HB13GL050)
文摘Abstract： Innovation is a process of taking an original idea and converting it into a business value, in which the engineers face some inventive problems which can be solved hardly by experience. TRIZ, as a new theory for companies in China, provides both conceptual and procedural knowledge for finding and solving inventive problems. Because the government plays a leading role in the diffusion of TRIZ, too many companies from different industries are waiting to be trained, but the quantity of the trainers mastering TRIZ is incompatible with that requirement. In this context, to improve the training effect, an interactive training model of TRIZ for the mechanical engineers in China is developed and the implementation in the form of training classes is carried out. The training process is divided into 6 phases as follows： selecting engineers, training stage-l, finding problems, training stage-2, finding solutions and summing up. The government, TRIZ institutions and companies to join the programs interact during the process. The government initiates and monitors a project in form of a training class of TRIZ and selects companies to join the programs. Each selected companies choose a few engineers to join the class and supervises the training result. The TRIZ institutions design the training courses and carry out training curriculum. With the beginning of the class, an effective communication channel is established by means of interview, discussion face to face, E-mail, QQ and so on. After two years training practices, the results show that innovative abilities of the engineers to join and pass the final examinations increased distinctly, and most of companies joined the training class have taken congnizance of the power of TRIZ for product innovation. This research proposes an interactive training model of TRIZ for mechanical engineers in China to expedite the knowledge diffusion of TRIZ.
文摘As expert systems technology has matured and migrated into mainstream computing, there arestill areas which are overlooked in education prospective knowledge engineers. This paper addresses this issue, and provides a message to educators that expert and knowledge-based systems should be an importantstrategic science and technology for many organizations.
文摘Japanese clinical engineer(CE) is a significant and unique profession compared with other nations with its dual clinical and technology focus and national licensing. The CE system of licensing was established in May 1987 under the Clinical Engineers Act. CEs are required to complete 3 to 4 years in designated schools and pass a national examination. It is a professional medical position responsible for the operation and maintenance of life-support and non-life-support medical device systems under the direction of physicians. Currently approximately 70 educational institutes- including technical colleges and universities- provide diverse and wide-ranging curricula from engineering to various clinical disciplines to produce CEs. Since clinical practice training is mandatory as a part of institute work, an important approach for CEs is gained by working in hospitals. The comprehensive curricula and the licensing system in Japan together serve to keep the appropriate quantity and quality of CEs. The Japan Association for Clinical Engineers(JACE) was established in February 1990; one of its aims is to support improvement of CEs throughout their careers through various lectures, seminars, on-the-job trainings, workshops, and an annual member meeting. New CEs can now take advantage of video e-learning. For junior CEs, there are seminars for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, blood purification, heart-lung bypass, respiratory therapy, operating room, intensive care unit, arrhythmia and aphaeresis related devices, as well as healthcare technology management(HTM). Also, the institutes provide a leadership seminar alongside this clinical practice training. Besides the licensing process, a proper certification system for CEs is a critical element in the clinical field. This enhances the ability of CEs to engage in more extensive duties and develop specialties, as well as to provide better healthcare. Associated societies provide certification with technology qualifications in dialysis, extracorporeal circulation, respiratory therapy, clinical medical devices, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and aphaeresis treatment. JACE also launched a unique certification system in 2010, with specializations in blood purification, arrhythmia, respiratory, and hyperbaric oxygen care. What is the difference between certification by the associated societies and that offered by JACE? Certification by the associated societies provides basic knowledge to pass specialty examinations. Certifications by JACE promote deeper knowledge to enhance clinical decisionmaking and to encourage wider experience. JACE also continues to investigate other certifications. In summary, Japan has introduced a national licensing system for keeping an intake of constant quality and quantity of CEs. Additionally, ongoing workshops and seminars stimulate in-depth knowledge and a higher level of medical care for patients. Together, a system of lifelong education for CEs has been built.
文摘Background Generally speaking. Chinese college graduates in the fifties and sixties took Russian as their second language, and those who graduated in the seventies had no second language to speak of. Now, in the years of our Open Door Policy, they find they have to learn some English and learn it quickly. They try to learn from radio and TV and many take English courses of 4 to 6 months, with varying degree of success. Their chief stumbling blocks
文摘The use of information technology （IT） in construction is expanding rapidly. More and more architecture, engineering, and construction companies are adopting new technologies in software design to help accelerate and accurately carry out their functions. Based on a research study carried out in Southern Nevada with a questionnaire survey of 54 construction-related firms, this study aims to compare the types and extent of IT use by architects, engineers, and contractors. It also explores the level of IT skills possessed by professionals working in the industry. The study found that architects mostly used design software whereas engineers and contractors used scheduling and estimating software. All of the respondents believed that IT helped to improve their work productivity. The majority of the respondents thought that IT is useful for Construction Management （CM） students： engineers and architects thought that CM students should take more scheduling and estimating software courses and contractors thought that they should take more scheduling and quantity take-off software courses.
文摘The World Engineers’ Convention2004(WEC2004)was held onNovember 2-6,2004 in Shanghai,China. The motto of the conventionis“Engineers Shape the SustainableFuture.”It advocates that engineersshould take the task of makingpeople’s life better and commit tocreating a new world.Engineers should be well awareof their responsibilities:developingnew technologies and making good
文摘The ＂Education and training plan of excellence engineers＂ is the base to comprehensively improve the training quality of the engineering talents, and is the power and guarantee of our country to march towards the great power of the engineering education fi＇om the engineering educational power. In the training process, not only it is required to complete the training and improvement of the theoretical knowledge, the practical abilities and the engineering qualities in the colleges, but it also needs the active participation and the close cooperation of the enterprises. Therefore, the students will have the influence of the effects and edification from the university culture, the project culture and the enterprise culture, and will feel the power and benefits a variety of cultures bring about by interleaving. This paper expounds the important position and the function of the university culture, the project culture, and the enterprise culture in the personal training, and elucidates that the complete fusion of the three is the social ideal and support to complete the task of cultivating the outstanding engineers.
文摘There are four engineers traveling in a car;a mechanical engineer,a chemical engi-neer,an electrical engineer and a comput-er engineer.The car breaks down.“Sounds to me as if the pistons have seized.We ll have to strip down the engine before we canget the car working again,”says the
文摘FOR Martine DiengAwa and Seydou KaThierno. two 18-year-old classmates from Kolda Town in south Senegal, the prospect of studying abroad after high school seemed an unimaginable and almost impossible dream. Little did they know that they would end up a few months later being classmates again, but this time in faraway China,
文摘The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, hut benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confrontingprocess systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibilityand uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture propertiesand function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to driveagility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality ofdata through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that allkey aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns requireaccurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will requireus to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainablesolutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that isdifficult to predict.
文摘China has been the largest country in terms of the scale of higher engineering education in the world. The training plan of excellent engineers (TPEE) that launched in 2010 is to train various types of high-quality engineers and technical personnel who have strong innovative abilities and meet the need of economic and social development. The theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), as a scientific methodology to solve innovation problems, provides a theoretical basis and practical guideline for the training of excellent engineers. This paper analyzes the teaching philosophy and methods for the training of excellent engineers within TRIZ framework from the demand perspective, and then discusses the enlightenment of disseminating TRIZ in the following aspects, such as TRIZ application in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, faculty development, platform development of innovative education and so on.
文摘Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.
文摘A woman-adorned in a heavy,custom-made,metal-shielding suit-is hard at work,dozens of meters above the ground.Arcs of electricity flicker at her fingertips,and the crackling sound of current lingers in her ears.Looking up from the ground,the engineer,working on an electric tower,resembles a nimble dancer,gracefully navigating along the power lines connecting various pylons.This is a typical workday for a live-line-maintenance engineer with State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company.In North China's Tianjin Municipality,women engineers-many of whom born after 1990-are proving they are as capable and dedicated as their male counterparts.
