Reliable long-term settlement prediction of a high embankment relates to mountain infrastructure safety.This study developed a novel hybrid model(NHM)that combines a joint denoising technique with an enhanced gray wol...Reliable long-term settlement prediction of a high embankment relates to mountain infrastructure safety.This study developed a novel hybrid model(NHM)that combines a joint denoising technique with an enhanced gray wolf optimizer(EGWO)-n-support vector regression(n-SVR)method.High-embankment field measurements were preprocessed using the joint denoising technique,which in-cludes complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition,singular value decomposition,and wavelet packet transform.Furthermore,high-embankment settlements were predicted using the EGWO-n-SVR method.In this method,the standard gray wolf optimizer(GWO)was improved to obtain the EGWO to better tune the n-SVR model hyperparameters.The proposed NHM was then tested in two case studies.Finally,the influences of the data division ratio and kernel function on the EGWO-n-SVR forecasting performance and prediction efficiency were investigated.The results indicate that the NHM suppresses noise and restores details in high-embankment field measurements.Simultaneously,the NHM out-performs other alternative prediction methods in prediction accuracy and robustness.This demonstrates that the proposed NHM is effective in predicting high-embankment settlements with noisy field mea-surements.Moreover,the appropriate data division ratio and kernel function for EGWO-n-SVR are 7:3 and radial basis function,respectively.展开更多
This paper presents a preprocessing technique that can provide the improved quality of image robust to illumination changes. First, in order to enhance the image contrast, we proposed new adaptive histogram transforma...This paper presents a preprocessing technique that can provide the improved quality of image robust to illumination changes. First, in order to enhance the image contrast, we proposed new adaptive histogram transformation combining histogram equalization and histogram specification. Here, by examining the characteristic of histogram distribution shape, we determine the appropriate target distribution. Next, applying the histogram equalization with an image histogram, we have obtained the uniform distribution of pixel values, and then we have again carried out the histogram transformation using an inverse of target distribution function. Finally we have conducted various experiments that can enhance the quality of image by applying our method with various standard images. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve moderately good image enhancement results.展开更多
The release technique,affecting the survival rate of fish species released for stock enhancement,plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the enhancement.In order to improve the probability of released fish settling...The release technique,affecting the survival rate of fish species released for stock enhancement,plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the enhancement.In order to improve the probability of released fish settling down to bottom,a new cage-based release technique was designed and tested via a water tank with artificial reef models.Two coral reef fish species,Sebastes schlegelii and Paralichthys olivaceus were assessed using this technique.Fish behavior and distribution in water tank were recorded and compared with the traditional release release techniques.Results showed that in the case of cage-based release technique:1)when the release process is just finished,the distribution index(DI)of juveniles S.schlegelii and P.olivaceus were 97.8%and 98.9%at reef area,40%and 71.1%at release point,respectively,which was higher than those using two alternative techniques;2)its impact duration was less than that in the other two conditions,where the DI within 4 hours was higher after releasing,especially for S.schiegelii.These findings indicated that the new cage-based technique could release the fish into the specified location,and has a potential to mitigate the stress reaction of fish caused by releasing process.展开更多
Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) is one of the most important modalities for the diagnosis of digestive tract diseases.EUS has been evolving ever since it was introduced.New techniques such as elastography and contrast enha...Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) is one of the most important modalities for the diagnosis of digestive tract diseases.EUS has been evolving ever since it was introduced.New techniques such as elastography and contrast enhancement have emerged, increasing the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of EUS for the diagnosis of digestive tract diseases including pancreatic masses and lymphadenopathy.EUS-elastography evaluates tissue elasticity and therefore, can be used to differentiate various lesions.Contrast-enhanced EUS can distinguish benign from malignant pancreatic lesions and lymphadenopathy using the intravenous injection of contrast agents.This review discusses the principles and types of these new techniques, as well as their clinical applications and limitations.展开更多
Most of the newly developed drug candidates are lipophilic and poorly water-soluble. Enhancing the dissolution and bioavailability of these drugs is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Liquisolid techni...Most of the newly developed drug candidates are lipophilic and poorly water-soluble. Enhancing the dissolution and bioavailability of these drugs is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Liquisolid technique, which is based on the conversion of the drug in liquid state into an apparently dry, non-adherent, free flowing and compressible powder,is a novel and advanced approach to tackle the issue. The objective of this article is to present an overview of liquisolid technique and summarize the progress of its applications in pharmaceutics. Low cost, simple processing and great potentials in industrial production are main advantages of this approach. In addition to the enhancement of dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs, this technique is also a fairly new technique to effectively retard drug release. Furthermore, liquisolid technique has been investigated as a tool to minimize the effect of pH variation on drug release and as a promising alternative to conventional coating for the improvement of drug photostability in solid dosage forms. Overall, liquisolid technique is a newly developed and promising tool for enhancing drug dissolution and sustaining drug release, and its potential applications in pharmaceutics are still being broadened.展开更多
Underwater images degraded due to low contrast and visibility issues.Therefore,it is important to enhance the images and videos taken in the underwater environment before processing.Enhancement is a way to improve or ...Underwater images degraded due to low contrast and visibility issues.Therefore,it is important to enhance the images and videos taken in the underwater environment before processing.Enhancement is a way to improve or increase image quality and to improve the contrast of degraded images.The original image or video which is captured through image processing devices needs to improve as there are various issues such as less light available,low resolution,and blurriness in underwater images caused by the normal camera.Various researchers have proposed different solutions to overcome these problems.Dark channel prior(DCP)is one of the most used techniques which produced a better Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR)value.However,DCP has some issues such as it tends to darken images,reduce contrast,and produce halo effects.The proposed method solves these issues with the help of contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)and the Adaptive Color Correction Method.The proposed method was assessed using Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC),and some images were collected from the internet.The measure of entropy(MOE),Measure of Enhancement(EME),Mean Square Error(MSE),and PSNR opted as performance measures during experiments.The values of MSE and PSNR achieved by the proposed framework are 0.26 and 32 respectively which shows better results.展开更多
Various enhanced surfaces have been proposed over the years to improve boiling heat transfer. This paper introduces an experimental setup designed for boiling demonstration in the graduate-level Heat Transfer course. ...Various enhanced surfaces have been proposed over the years to improve boiling heat transfer. This paper introduces an experimental setup designed for boiling demonstration in the graduate-level Heat Transfer course. The pool boiling performance of water under atmospheric pressure of 1.025 bar is investigated by using several structured surfaces at heat fluxes of 28 and 35 kW/m<sup>2</sup>. Surfaces with holes, rectangular grooves, and mushroom fins are manufactured by an NC-controlled vertical milling machine. The heat flux versus excess temperature graph is plotted by using thermocouple measurements of water and base temperatures of the boiling vessel. The separation, rise, and growth of individual vapor bubbles from the surface during boiling were recorded with a digital camera. The results for the plain surface are compared to the Rohsenow correlation. The enhancement of heat transfer coefficient (h) ranged between 15% - 44.5% for all structured surfaces. The highest heat transfer coefficient enhancement is observed between 41% - 56.5% for holed surface-3 (405 holes) compared to the plain surface. The excess temperature dropped around 29% - 34% for holed surface-3 (405 holes) compared to the plain surface. The heat transfer coefficient increases as the spacing between channels or holes decreases. While the bubbles on holed and mushroomed surfaces were spherical, the bubbles on the flat and grooved surfaces were observed as formless. The suggested economical test design could be appropriate to keep students focused and participating in the classroom.展开更多
随着快速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,EARS)及舒适化医疗理念的发展,经皮椎间孔镜技术已成功应用于部分脊柱手术,其通过孔道式入路及内镜技术实现损伤最小化。为了避免术中医源性神经损伤,常采用区域阻滞联合静脉镇痛药...随着快速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,EARS)及舒适化医疗理念的发展,经皮椎间孔镜技术已成功应用于部分脊柱手术,其通过孔道式入路及内镜技术实现损伤最小化。为了避免术中医源性神经损伤,常采用区域阻滞联合静脉镇痛药作为其主要的麻醉方式以保留病人意识及神经易感性。围手术期良好的镇痛管理不仅是术者手术操作顺利进行的基础,更是加快病人功能锻炼及康复的关键。现已有多种区域阻滞方式联合可视化技术成功应用于经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎手术的围手术期镇痛。本文将依次介绍近年应用于椎间孔镜技术区域阻滞的方案及其优劣势,旨在使病人更舒适更安全的完成微创手术,缩短病人术后功能锻炼和康复时间,提高满意度及再手术意愿,实现快速康复理念。展开更多
本文首次提出针对属性推理攻击的有效防御方法.属性推理攻击可以揭示出用于训练公开模型的原始私有数据集中的隐私属性信息.现有研究已经针对不同的机器学习算法提出了多种属性推理攻击.这些攻击很难防御,一方面原因是训练有素的模型总...本文首次提出针对属性推理攻击的有效防御方法.属性推理攻击可以揭示出用于训练公开模型的原始私有数据集中的隐私属性信息.现有研究已经针对不同的机器学习算法提出了多种属性推理攻击.这些攻击很难防御,一方面原因是训练有素的模型总是会记住训练数据集中的显性和隐性全局属性,另一方面原因在于模型提供者无法事先知道哪些属性将受到攻击从而难以有针对性地进行防御.为了解决这个问题,本文提出了一种通用的隐私保护模型训练方法,名为PPMT(Privacy Preserving Model Training).它以迭代的方式工作.在每次迭代中,PPMT构建一个代理数据集,并在该数据集而不是私有数据集上训练模型.虽然每次迭代会同时导致隐私性的提升和功能性的降低,但隐私性的提升呈快速指数级,而功能性的降低则是缓慢线性的.经过多次迭代,PPMT在模型功能性的约束下最大化全局属性的隐私性,并生成最终的模型.本文选择了两种代表性的机器学习算法和三个典型的数据集来进行实验评估PPMT所训练出模型的功能性、隐私性和鲁棒性.结果显示,使用PPMT训练出的模型,在全局属性上会以不同速度朝不同方向改变,在功能性上的平均损失为1.28%,在超参数α保密的情况下被可能攻击倒推的成功率仅有22%~33%.这说明,PPMT不仅能保护私有数据集的全局属性隐私性,而且能保证模型有足够的功能性,以及面对可能攻击的鲁棒性.展开更多
基金We acknowledge the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51808462)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.2023NSFSC0346)the Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Transportation Department,China(Grant No.NJ-2022-14).
文摘Reliable long-term settlement prediction of a high embankment relates to mountain infrastructure safety.This study developed a novel hybrid model(NHM)that combines a joint denoising technique with an enhanced gray wolf optimizer(EGWO)-n-support vector regression(n-SVR)method.High-embankment field measurements were preprocessed using the joint denoising technique,which in-cludes complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition,singular value decomposition,and wavelet packet transform.Furthermore,high-embankment settlements were predicted using the EGWO-n-SVR method.In this method,the standard gray wolf optimizer(GWO)was improved to obtain the EGWO to better tune the n-SVR model hyperparameters.The proposed NHM was then tested in two case studies.Finally,the influences of the data division ratio and kernel function on the EGWO-n-SVR forecasting performance and prediction efficiency were investigated.The results indicate that the NHM suppresses noise and restores details in high-embankment field measurements.Simultaneously,the NHM out-performs other alternative prediction methods in prediction accuracy and robustness.This demonstrates that the proposed NHM is effective in predicting high-embankment settlements with noisy field mea-surements.Moreover,the appropriate data division ratio and kernel function for EGWO-n-SVR are 7:3 and radial basis function,respectively.
文摘This paper presents a preprocessing technique that can provide the improved quality of image robust to illumination changes. First, in order to enhance the image contrast, we proposed new adaptive histogram transformation combining histogram equalization and histogram specification. Here, by examining the characteristic of histogram distribution shape, we determine the appropriate target distribution. Next, applying the histogram equalization with an image histogram, we have obtained the uniform distribution of pixel values, and then we have again carried out the histogram transformation using an inverse of target distribution function. Finally we have conducted various experiments that can enhance the quality of image by applying our method with various standard images. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve moderately good image enhancement results.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41501560,41606110)the Young Orient Scholars Programme of Shanghai(No.QD2017038)the Shanghai Special Research Fund for Training College’s Young Teachers(No.ZZSHOU 18025).
文摘The release technique,affecting the survival rate of fish species released for stock enhancement,plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the enhancement.In order to improve the probability of released fish settling down to bottom,a new cage-based release technique was designed and tested via a water tank with artificial reef models.Two coral reef fish species,Sebastes schlegelii and Paralichthys olivaceus were assessed using this technique.Fish behavior and distribution in water tank were recorded and compared with the traditional release release techniques.Results showed that in the case of cage-based release technique:1)when the release process is just finished,the distribution index(DI)of juveniles S.schlegelii and P.olivaceus were 97.8%and 98.9%at reef area,40%and 71.1%at release point,respectively,which was higher than those using two alternative techniques;2)its impact duration was less than that in the other two conditions,where the DI within 4 hours was higher after releasing,especially for S.schiegelii.These findings indicated that the new cage-based technique could release the fish into the specified location,and has a potential to mitigate the stress reaction of fish caused by releasing process.
文摘Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) is one of the most important modalities for the diagnosis of digestive tract diseases.EUS has been evolving ever since it was introduced.New techniques such as elastography and contrast enhancement have emerged, increasing the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of EUS for the diagnosis of digestive tract diseases including pancreatic masses and lymphadenopathy.EUS-elastography evaluates tissue elasticity and therefore, can be used to differentiate various lesions.Contrast-enhanced EUS can distinguish benign from malignant pancreatic lesions and lymphadenopathy using the intravenous injection of contrast agents.This review discusses the principles and types of these new techniques, as well as their clinical applications and limitations.
文摘Most of the newly developed drug candidates are lipophilic and poorly water-soluble. Enhancing the dissolution and bioavailability of these drugs is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Liquisolid technique, which is based on the conversion of the drug in liquid state into an apparently dry, non-adherent, free flowing and compressible powder,is a novel and advanced approach to tackle the issue. The objective of this article is to present an overview of liquisolid technique and summarize the progress of its applications in pharmaceutics. Low cost, simple processing and great potentials in industrial production are main advantages of this approach. In addition to the enhancement of dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs, this technique is also a fairly new technique to effectively retard drug release. Furthermore, liquisolid technique has been investigated as a tool to minimize the effect of pH variation on drug release and as a promising alternative to conventional coating for the improvement of drug photostability in solid dosage forms. Overall, liquisolid technique is a newly developed and promising tool for enhancing drug dissolution and sustaining drug release, and its potential applications in pharmaceutics are still being broadened.
基金Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2022R458),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Underwater images degraded due to low contrast and visibility issues.Therefore,it is important to enhance the images and videos taken in the underwater environment before processing.Enhancement is a way to improve or increase image quality and to improve the contrast of degraded images.The original image or video which is captured through image processing devices needs to improve as there are various issues such as less light available,low resolution,and blurriness in underwater images caused by the normal camera.Various researchers have proposed different solutions to overcome these problems.Dark channel prior(DCP)is one of the most used techniques which produced a better Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR)value.However,DCP has some issues such as it tends to darken images,reduce contrast,and produce halo effects.The proposed method solves these issues with the help of contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)and the Adaptive Color Correction Method.The proposed method was assessed using Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC),and some images were collected from the internet.The measure of entropy(MOE),Measure of Enhancement(EME),Mean Square Error(MSE),and PSNR opted as performance measures during experiments.The values of MSE and PSNR achieved by the proposed framework are 0.26 and 32 respectively which shows better results.
文摘Various enhanced surfaces have been proposed over the years to improve boiling heat transfer. This paper introduces an experimental setup designed for boiling demonstration in the graduate-level Heat Transfer course. The pool boiling performance of water under atmospheric pressure of 1.025 bar is investigated by using several structured surfaces at heat fluxes of 28 and 35 kW/m<sup>2</sup>. Surfaces with holes, rectangular grooves, and mushroom fins are manufactured by an NC-controlled vertical milling machine. The heat flux versus excess temperature graph is plotted by using thermocouple measurements of water and base temperatures of the boiling vessel. The separation, rise, and growth of individual vapor bubbles from the surface during boiling were recorded with a digital camera. The results for the plain surface are compared to the Rohsenow correlation. The enhancement of heat transfer coefficient (h) ranged between 15% - 44.5% for all structured surfaces. The highest heat transfer coefficient enhancement is observed between 41% - 56.5% for holed surface-3 (405 holes) compared to the plain surface. The excess temperature dropped around 29% - 34% for holed surface-3 (405 holes) compared to the plain surface. The heat transfer coefficient increases as the spacing between channels or holes decreases. While the bubbles on holed and mushroomed surfaces were spherical, the bubbles on the flat and grooved surfaces were observed as formless. The suggested economical test design could be appropriate to keep students focused and participating in the classroom.
文摘随着快速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,EARS)及舒适化医疗理念的发展,经皮椎间孔镜技术已成功应用于部分脊柱手术,其通过孔道式入路及内镜技术实现损伤最小化。为了避免术中医源性神经损伤,常采用区域阻滞联合静脉镇痛药作为其主要的麻醉方式以保留病人意识及神经易感性。围手术期良好的镇痛管理不仅是术者手术操作顺利进行的基础,更是加快病人功能锻炼及康复的关键。现已有多种区域阻滞方式联合可视化技术成功应用于经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎手术的围手术期镇痛。本文将依次介绍近年应用于椎间孔镜技术区域阻滞的方案及其优劣势,旨在使病人更舒适更安全的完成微创手术,缩短病人术后功能锻炼和康复时间,提高满意度及再手术意愿,实现快速康复理念。
文摘本文首次提出针对属性推理攻击的有效防御方法.属性推理攻击可以揭示出用于训练公开模型的原始私有数据集中的隐私属性信息.现有研究已经针对不同的机器学习算法提出了多种属性推理攻击.这些攻击很难防御,一方面原因是训练有素的模型总是会记住训练数据集中的显性和隐性全局属性,另一方面原因在于模型提供者无法事先知道哪些属性将受到攻击从而难以有针对性地进行防御.为了解决这个问题,本文提出了一种通用的隐私保护模型训练方法,名为PPMT(Privacy Preserving Model Training).它以迭代的方式工作.在每次迭代中,PPMT构建一个代理数据集,并在该数据集而不是私有数据集上训练模型.虽然每次迭代会同时导致隐私性的提升和功能性的降低,但隐私性的提升呈快速指数级,而功能性的降低则是缓慢线性的.经过多次迭代,PPMT在模型功能性的约束下最大化全局属性的隐私性,并生成最终的模型.本文选择了两种代表性的机器学习算法和三个典型的数据集来进行实验评估PPMT所训练出模型的功能性、隐私性和鲁棒性.结果显示,使用PPMT训练出的模型,在全局属性上会以不同速度朝不同方向改变,在功能性上的平均损失为1.28%,在超参数α保密的情况下被可能攻击倒推的成功率仅有22%~33%.这说明,PPMT不仅能保护私有数据集的全局属性隐私性,而且能保证模型有足够的功能性,以及面对可能攻击的鲁棒性.
