Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain elusive.Deoxycholic acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)synthesis.However,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains unexplored.Methods To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 h.Subsequently,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier function.To further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler chicks.In each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,respectively.We recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d 17.The impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal explants.Additionally,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and NaB.Furthermore,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of NE.Notably,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,and Cuneatibacter,with lactobacilli becoming the most dominant species.However,supplementation with DCA and NaB largely restored the intestinal microbiota to healthy levels.Conclusions DCA synergizes with NaB to induce HDP and claudin-1 expression and enhance NE resistance,with potential for further development as cost-effective antibiotic alternatives.

Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis

Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity(Alistipes,Barnesiella and UCG-010)in the cecum.In the cecum of broilers with NE,the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower.Interestingly,these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance,whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusions MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE,probably by regulating the intestinal barrier,immune function,and gut microbiota.

Intestinal microecological transplantation for a patient with chronic radiation enteritis:A case report

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is strongly associated with radiation-induced gut damage.This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intestinal microecological transplantation for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old female with cervical cancer developed abdominal pain,diarrhea,and blood in the stool 1 year after radiotherapy.An electronic colonoscopy was performed to diagnose chronic radiation enteritis.Two courses of intestinal microecological transplantation and full-length 16S rRNA microbiological analysis were performed.The patient experienced short-and long-term relief from symptoms without adverse effects.Whole 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the intestinal flora’s composition between patient and healthy donors.Pathogenic bacteria,such as Escherichia fergusonii and Romboutsia timonensis,were more in the patient.Beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans,Ruminococcus bromii,and Bifidobacterium longum were more in the healthy donors.Intestinal microbiota transplantation resulted in a significant change in the patient's intestinal flora composition.The composition converged with the donor's flora,with an increase in core beneficial intestinal bacteria,such as Eubacterium rectale,and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria.Changes in the intestinal flora corresponded with the patients'alleviating clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION Intestinal microecological transplantation is an effective treatment for relieving the clinical symptoms of chronic radiation enteritis by altering the composition of the intestinal flora.This study provides a new approach for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.

Potential pharmacological mechanisms of digallate in the treatment of enteritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:In order to investigate the possible pharmacological mechanism of digallate in Galla Chinensis for treating enteritis,providing reference for the search and exploration of effective drugs for treating enteritis.Method:Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,PharmMapper,DisGeNET,DrugBank,and GeneCards databases were used to obtain drug and disease-related target information.Gene ontology functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment were performed,and the main therapeutic pathways and targets were identified by combining protein-protein interaction networks and cytoHubba plug-in.Molecular docking was used to validate the results.Result:297 drug related targets,2436 disease related targets,and 66 target points related to digallate were predicted to be associated with enteritis.10 related signal pathways and 10 key genes were identified.Conclusion:Digallate may be utilized to treat enteritis by acting on similar pathways,such those related to pathways in cancer,lipid and atherosclerosis,proteoglycans in cancer,Rap1 signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and other targets such as IGF1,EGFR,SRC,IGF1R,PPARG.

TC4-DT钛合金切削加工参数研究

针对YG8和TiAlN涂层硬质合金两种刀具,通过单因素车削、低速铣削及正交高速铣削加工试验,探究刀具切削工艺参数对TC4-DT钛合金加工件表面粗糙度、表层硬度的影响规律。实验结果表明:钛合金的表面粗糙度随着切削三要素发生变化,切削速度越高,粗糙度越低;进给量越大,粗糙度越大;但随切削深度波动变化。使用TiAlN涂层硬质合金立铣刀进行加工得到的平均表面粗糙度小于YG8硬质合金立铣刀,且加工表面硬度变化更小,更适合用于TC4-DT的铣削加工。

护士驱动下MDT管理模式在降低肠内营养患者喂养中断发生率中的应用

目的探讨在肠内营养过程中由护士驱动,运用多学科团队协作模式(MDT管理模式)在降低肠内营养患者喂养中断发生率中的应用。方法采用实验性研究方法,将2021年2-7月神经外科71例首次使用肠内营养患者作为对照组;将2021年8-12月神经外科71例首次使用肠内营养患者作为试验组,对照组接受早期肠内营养支持常规护理,试验组接受以护士为主导,联合营养师、临床医师、信息科等MDT团队管理模式,运用信息化肠内营养管理路径为患者提供个性化的肠内营养,比较2组肠内营养患者输注环节质量、肠内营养并发症发生情况、喂养中断发生情况及输注热卡达标情况,以降低首次使用肠内营养患者在喂养过程中出现的肠内营养并发症,减少与喂养流程有关的喂养中断发生率。结果2组患者肠内喂养开启及时率、喂养速度调节正确率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者肠内营养并发症发生率、喂养中断的发生率及肠内营养开启3 d内的目标量达标率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论由护士驱动下MDT管理模式能提高肠内营养开启后3 d内目标达标率,降低肠内营养并发症及喂养中断的发生。

Establishment of a prediction model for severe acute radiation enteritis associated with cervical cancer radiotherapy

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors.Radiation enteritis(RE)leads to radiotherapy intolerance or termination of radiotherapy,which negatively impacts the therapeutic effect and seriously affects the quality of life of patients.If the incidence of RE in patients can be predicted in advance,and targeted clinical preventive treatment can be carried out,the side effects of radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients can be significantly reduced.Furthermore,accurate prediction of RE is essential for the selection of individualized radiation dose and the optimization of the radiotherapy plan.AIM To analyze the relationships between severe acute RE(SARE)of cervical cancer radiotherapy and clinical factors and dose-volume parameters retrospectively.METHODS We included 50 cervical cancer patients who received volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT)from September 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Radiotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University.Clinical and dose-volume histogram factors of patients were collected.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of each factor for SARE.A nomogram to predict SARE was developed(SARE scoring system≥3 points)based on the multiple regression coefficients;validity was verified by an internal verification method.RESULTS Gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity of cervical cancer VMAT gradually increased with radiotherapy and reached the peak at the end of radiotherapy.The main adverse reactions were diarrhea,abdominal pain,colitis,anal swelling,and blood in the stool.There was no significant difference in the incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity between the radical and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy groups(P>0.05).There were significant differences in the small intestine V_(20),V_(30),V_(40),and rectal V40 between adjuvant radiotherapy and radical radiotherapy after surgery(P<0.05).Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed anal bulge rating(OR:14.779,95%CI:1.281-170.547,P=0.031)and disease activity index(DAI)score(OR:53.928,95%CI:3.822-760.948,P=0.003)as independent predictors of SARE.CONCLUSION Anal bulge rating(>0.500 grade)and DAI score(>2.165 points)can predict SARE.The nomogram shows potential value in clinical practice.

Effects of tannic acid on the immunity and intestinal health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis infection

Background In broiler chickens,necrotic enteritis(NE)infection can reduce production performance.Tannic acid has shown great potential as a treatment of NE in broilers.However,the appropriate dosage of tannic acid in NE of broilers and the improvement effect on intestinal health are not very clear.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of tannic acid on the production performance,immunity,and intestinal health of broilers by constructing an NE model with C.perfringens infection and determining the appropriate dosage of tannic acid with regard to NE.Results Challenged birds showed significant reduction in body weight,villus height,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P<0.05)and increase in the feed consumption gain ratio,intestinal lesion score,and crypt depth(P<0.05).The infection significantly reduced the relative Bacteroidota and Ligilactobacillus abundance(P<0.05)and increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and cecal content of C.perfringens(P<0.05).Challenged birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid showed significantly increased mRNA expression of nutrient transport carriers and intestinal barrier genes and growth performance and reduced serum zonulin and endotoxin levels(P<0.05).Addi-tion of tannic acid to the diet inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the number of coccidia oocysts in feces and the content of C.perfringens in the cecum.Specifically,tannic acid reduced the serum levels of C reactive protein,myeloperoxidase,and specific IgY and ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the ileal mucosa compared with those in the NE-infected birds.NE-infected birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid also showed significantly increased relative Anaerocolumna,Thermoanaerobacterium,and Thermosinus abundance(P<0.05);their microbial composition and functional predictions were similar to those of the NC group.Conclusions Tannic acid in the diet alleviated NE by enhancing the intestinal barrier and absorption function.The recommended dietary tannic acid additive level is 500–750 mg/kg.Our study findings would be useful in reducing related economic losses in the broiler industry.

Oligo(dT)亲和层析介质的载量比较和机制分析

针对Oligo(d T)亲和层析介质的吸附性能,以poly(A)为模型分子,考察了4种Oligo(d T)亲和层析介质的静态吸附平衡、吸附动力学和动态结合载量(DBC),探讨了载量影响相关机制。结果表明,4种介质的合适吸附条件均为0.6 mol·L-1Na Cl、p H=6~7;Monomix d T20静态吸附容量最大,且poly(A)能扩散至介质微球深层孔内,而Poros Oligo(d T)25、Praesto Jetted (d T)25和Nano Gel d T20等3种介质中poly(A)均主要为表层吸附、静态吸附容量稍低;对于DBC,Nano Gel d T20和Monomix d T20的10%穿透的DBC较高,而Poros Oligo (d T)25和Praesto Jetted (d T)25相对略低。经分析,影响载量的主要因素包含基质种类、微球孔径、配基密度、间隔臂和配基长度等。对于基质种类,聚苯乙烯基质可能孔道结构较为特别。对于微球孔径,应针对不同大小的m RNA分子定制不同孔径的微球,以平衡传质阻力与可及吸附表面积之间的矛盾,从而增大DBC。

Essential Oils as an Alternative to Antibiotics to Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Short Review

Due to the removal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and consumer pressure for antibiotic-free (ABF) or no antibiotics ever (NAE) poultry production, there is a need for sustainable alternatives to prevent disease in commercial poultry operations. Without AGPs, there has been a rise in diseases that were traditionally controlled by subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics in the diet. This has impacted the health of commercial poultry and has been a significant cost to poultry producers. To mitigate this, the industry has started to investigate alternatives to antibiotics to treat these forthcoming health issues, such as necrotic enteritis (NE). NE is an enteric disease caused by an over proliferation of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens (CP) in the gastrointestinal tract. Although CP is a commensal in the avian intestinal tract, dysbiosis caused by inflammation and impaired intestinal integrity facilitates uncontrolled replication of CP. Infectious agents, such as Eimeria maxima, appear to be a predominant predisposing factor that promotes NE. However, non-infectious stressors, including dietary changes, have also been associated with NE to some degree. As a result of increased pressure to restrict the use of antibiotics, there is a need for research evaluating the efficacy of alternatives, such as plant-derived essential oils, as potential tools to mitigate NE in commercial poultry flocks. The aim of this study is to review the effects of essential oils as an alternative to antibiotics to reduce the incidence and severity of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

Stimbiotic supplementation modulated intestinal inflammatory response and improved broilers performance in an experimentally-induced necrotic enteritis infection model

Background:Two experiments were conducted to establish an optimal NE challenge model and evaluate the efficacy of stimbiotic(STB)supplementation in necrotic enteritis(NE)challenged broilers.In Exp.1,a total of 120 Arbor Acres(AA)broilers(45.0±0.21 g)were randomly assigned to 6 treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement.Vaccine treatments included non-challenge(0),×10 the recommended dose(×10)or×20 the recommended dose(×20)by the manufacturer.Clostridium perfringens(CP)treatments were non-challenge(No)or 3 mL of 2.2×10^(7)CFU CP challenge(Yes).In Exp.2,a total of 72 AA broilers(40.17±0.27 g)were randomly assigned to 6 treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement.Dietary treatments included non-additive(CON),100 mg/kg STB(STB)and 100 mg/kg STB on top of a typical commercial blend including an essential oil,probiotics,and enzyme(CB).Challenge treatments included non-NE challenge(No)and NE challenge(Yes)as established in Exp.1.Results:In Exp.1,CP and vaccine challenge decreased(P<0.05)body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG)and feed intake(FI),and increased(P<0.05)the number of broilers with diarrhea and intestinal lesions.The oral administration of×20 recommended dose of vaccines coupled with 3 mL of 2.2×10^(7)CFU CP resulted in(P<0.01)a significantly increased incidence of wet litter and intestinal lesions.Thus,this treatment was chosen as the challenge model for the successful inducement of NE in Exp.2.In Exp.2,the NE challenge negatively affected(P<0.01)growth performance,ileal morphology,immunoglobulin contents in blood,caecal microbiota in the caecum,footpad dermatitis,intestinal lesion scores,tumour necrosis factor(TNF-α)and endotoxin in the serum compared with the non-NE challenged birds.The supplementation of STB and CB in diets enhanced(P<0.05)growth performance,intestinal microbiota,and blood profiles by stimulating ileal morphology(VH and VH:CD)and propionate production in the cecum,and there were no differences in measured variables between STB and CB supplemented birds.Conclusion:Overall,these results indicate that STB supplementation was able to reduce the inflammatory response and improve the performance of NE challenged birds,and the supplementation of STB alone was as effective as a typical commercial blend containing a number of other additives.

PKGIα通路抑制剂DT-3对胃癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的:探讨PKGIα信号通路特异性抑制剂DT-3对胃癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响。方法:利用生物信息学分析,基于GEO、TCGA、HPA、Kaplan-Meier plotter数据库和GEPIA在线分析网站对PKGI在组织中的表达进行差异分析并探讨PKGI和PKGIα在胃癌患者中的预后情况。采用CCK-8、克隆形成实验检测DT-3对细胞增殖的影响,划痕愈合实验观察DT-3对细胞迁移的影响;Western blot-ting法验证PKGIα的蛋白表达和相关性分析。结果:胃腺癌组织中PKGI mRNA表达增高,在42种胃癌细胞株里有27种能检测到PKGI mRNA的表达,高表达PKGIαmRNA的胃癌组织更具肿瘤侵袭性;免疫组织化学(IHC)结果展示PKGI蛋白表达情况,12例胃癌组织中观察到6例存在中、高强度的细胞质染色阳性反应;PKGI和CDH1的表达呈负相关(r=-0.74,P<0.05);生存分析显示PKGI和PKGIαmRNA高表达对胃腺癌患者的总生存期(OS)有统计学意义(HR>1,logrank P<0.05)。实验结果表明PKGIα蛋白在人胃癌细胞株AGS中的表达增加;DT-3抑制细胞增殖迁移(P<0.05),使NF-κB磷酸化p65表达降低,且PKGI和NF-κB p-p65的表达呈极强正相关(r=0.957,P<0.05)。结论:通过抑制PKGIα信号通路,可以有效抑制胃癌细胞增殖迁移。

Rare case of lupus enteritis presenting as colorectum involvement:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a multisystem autoimmune disease that can affect the gastrointestinal tract.Most cases of lupus enteritis(LE)involve the small intestine,while the involvement of the whole colon and rectum without the small intestine being affected is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman was diagnosed with colorectal LE after initially presenting with intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting for two months.She had a regular medication history for five years following the diagnosis of SLE but had been irregular in taking medications,which may have contributed to the onset of LE and led to her current hospital admission.According to the 2019 Classification criteria for SLE of the European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology,this case scored 14.Additionally,abdominal computed tomography revealed significant wall edema of the colon and rectum,ischemia and hyperemia of the ascending colon intestinal wall,mesenteric vessel engorgement,increased mesangial fat attenuation,ascites,and bilateral ureter-hydronephrosis,all indicative of colon and rectum LE.Laboratory tests also showed lower levels of complement C3 and C4,with an antinuclear antibody titer of 1:100.Overall,it was clear that this case involved the colon and rectum without affecting the small intestine,representing a rare manifestation of SLE.The patient received treatment with 10 mg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate,100 mL of 0.9%sodium chloride,hydroxychloroquine(100 mg),and nutrition support.After one week of methylprednisolone and hydroxychloroquine therapy,her SLE symptoms and disease activity improved significantly.CONCLUSION Although colorectal LE without small intestine involvement is very rare,early diagnosis and excellent management with corticosteroids prevented the need for surgical intervention.Physicians should be aware of colorectal LE without small intestine involvement as a manifestation of lupus flare.

Enteric neuropathy in diabetes:Implications for gastrointestinal function

Diabetes,commonly known for its metabolic effects,also critically affects the enteric nervous system(ENS),which is essential in regulating gastrointestinal(GI)motility,secretion,and absorption.The development of diabetes-induced enteric neuropathy can lead to various GI dysfunctions,such as gastroparesis and irregular bowel habits,primarily due to disruptions in the function of neuronal and glial cells within the ENS,as well as oxidative stress and inflammation.This editorial explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of enteric neuropathy in diabetic patients.Additionally,it discusses the latest advances in diagnostic approaches,emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention to mitigate GI complications in diabetic individuals.The editorial also reviews current and emerging therapeutic strategies,focusing on pharmacological treatments,dietary management,and potential neuromodulatory interventions.Ultimately,this editorial highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in managing enteric neuropathy in diabetes,aiming to enhance patient quality of life and address a frequently overlooked complication of this widespread disease.

基于DTS的注水井吸水剖面解释方法

针对注水井分层注水量诊断技术难题,提出基于分布式光纤温度传感(Distributed Temperature Sensing,DTS)的注水井吸水剖面解释方法。建立考虑微量热效应的注水井温度剖面预测模型,模拟分析注水量、注水时间、储层导热系数等7个因素对温度剖面的影响规律。通过正交试验模拟分析,确定不同因素对注水井温度剖面的影响程度从强到弱分别为注入水温度、注水时间、注水量、井筒半径、储层导热系数、井筒倾斜角度、注水层渗透率,明确影响注水井温度剖面的主控因素为注入水温度、注水时间和注入量。采用模拟退火(Simulated Annealing,SA)算法建立注水井DTS数据反演模型,对一口注水井现场实测DTS数据进行反演,获得较为准确的吸水剖面,单层最大吸水量误差百分比14.25%,平均误差11.09%,验证该反演方法的可靠性。通过DTS数据反演可以实现注水井吸水剖面定量解释,为注水效果评价提供直接依据。

Risk Factors of Enternal Nutrition Intolerance in Septic Patients:A Case-control Study

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance(ENI)in patients with sepsis and explore potential risk factors.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in patients with sepsis who were receiving enteral nutrition(EN)at a tertiary hospital in China.The included patients were divided into the ENI group and the non-ENI group.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for ENI.Results:A total of 859 patients were included in the study.Among them,288(33.53%)patients experienced symptoms of ENI,including diarrhea,vomiting,bloating,and gastric retention.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation H(APACHE H)score,thoracocentesis,and usage of cardiotonic drugs(namely,inotropes)were independent predictors of the ENI.Conclusion:The incidence of ENI is relatively high in patients with sepsis,especially in those who have higher APACHE H scores,have undergone thoracocentesis,and have received inotropes.

基于dv/dt参数提取的变流器IGBT驱动自调节技术

绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)作为轨道交通变流器关键部件,对其驱动的调节可以显著改善dv/dt、开关损耗等影响变流器运行的重要参数。为此提出了一种基于dv/dt参数提取的变流器IGBT驱动自调节技术。首先基于IGBT驱动等效电路建立数学模型,分析了dv/dt、门极电阻、开关损耗三者之间的数学关系。其次以dv/dt参数的限制为主要优化目标,开关损耗的平衡为约束条件,提出一种基于Bang-Bang控制的自调节控制策略从而实现门极电阻主动切换,并在双脉冲测试中整定控制策略重要参数。最后通过有无自调节技术对比试验测试,验证了本技术的有效性。

玉米新品种“登海 DT996”选育及栽培技术

玉米新品种“登海DT996”是枣庄市金苗农作物研究所在2015年以Z1302为母本、Z2159为父本杂交选育而成,夏播生育期为107天。该品种具有抗病抗倒、耐密耐涝、高产优质等特点,适宜山东省夏玉米区域种植利用。

Porcine enteric alphacoronavirus infection increases lipid droplet accumulation to facilitate the virus replication

Coronaviruses are widely transmissible between humans and animals, causing diseases of varying severity. Porcine enteric alphacoronavirus(PEAV) is a newly-discovered pathogenic porcine enteric coronavirus in recent years, which causes watery diarrhea in newborn piglets. The host inflammatory responses to PEAV and its metabolic regulation mechanisms remain unclear, and no antiviral studies have been reported. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenic mechanism and antiviral drugs of PEAV. The transcriptomic analysis of PEAV-infected host cells revealed that PEAV could upregulate lipid metabolism pathways. In lipid metabolism, steady-state energy processes, which can be mediated by lipid droplets(LDs), are the main functions of organelles. LDs are also important in viral infection and inflammation. In infected cells, PEAV increased LD accumulation, upregulated NF-κB signaling, promoted the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8, and induced cell death. Inhibiting LD accumulation with a DGAT-1 inhibitor significantly inhibited PEAV replication, downregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduced the production of IL-1β and IL-8, and inhibited cell death. The NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor BAY11-7082 significantly inhibited LD accumulation and PEAV replication. Metformin hydrochloride also exerted anti-PEAV effects and significantly inhibited LD accumulation, downregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduced the production of IL-1β and IL-8, and inhibited cell death. LD accumulation in the lipid metabolism pathway therefore plays an important role in the replication and pathogenesis of PEAV, and metformin hydrochloride inhibits LD accumulation and the inflammatory response to exert anti-PEAV activity and reducing pathological injury. These findings contribute new targets for developing treatments for PEAV infections.

Early selective enteral feeding in treatment of acute pancreatitis: A case report

BACKGROUND Early initiation of enteral feeding is recognized to play a crucial role in improving the outcomes of treatment of acute pancreatitis.However,the method of adminis-tration of enteral nutrition remains debatable.We present the experience of treating a patient with moderate-severe acute pancreatitis,at high risk of progressing to a severe or fatal condition,using a novel method of selective feeding with duodenal isolation.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old female patient presented to the emergency unit of the hospital with a typical manifestation of acute pancreatitis.Despite a conventional treatment,the patient’s condition deteriorated by day 2 of hospitalization.Using an endoscopic approach,a novel catheter PandiCathffwas placed to the duodenum of the patient,isolating its segment between the duodenal bulb and the ligament of Treitz.In the isolated area created,a negative pressure was applied,followed by introduction of early selective enteral feeding.The patient’s condition subsequently improved in a rapid manner,and no complications often associated with moderate-to-severe acute pancreatitis developed.CONCLUSION Within 48 h of starting treatment with the novel method,it can prevent the development of multiple organ failure and,when combined with minimally invasive drainage methods,help prevent infection.