Research on Mechanism of Diversified Investment and Financing in Building Ecological Cities

Ecological city is the advanced mode of harmonious development of city. Constant improvement is being made in the development of ecological city. However, building ecological city is an enormous project that calls for a huge amount of capital. The government fund is far from adequate. This paper probes into the fund issue and discusses in detail the mechanism of investment and financing in building ecological city from various aspects such as diversification of the investment subjects and the modes of financing.

China rural financial different demands and hierarchical supply behaviors ——Model analysis from the perspective of mechanism design theory

Based on the ideas and framework of Mechanism Design Theory, the paper establishes model analysis on the differences rural financial demands and the choices of hierarchical supply behaviors, studies the relevant variables constraints choices on the rural financial supply and demand behavior, and thus presents a further improvement of the rural financial market variables, promotes the matching efficiency behavior selection between rural financial supply and demand, improves efficiency of the rural financial markets, strengthens financial supports for agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

Study on carbon intensity trading market based on carbon finance mechanism

As the largest developing country in the world, China has not be involved in the obligation of emissions reduction in the （〈Kyoto Protocol）） . But it has become the largest CO2 emissions countries in the world. This makes China confronted with more pressure of carbon emissions reduction in the post-Kyoto era, and face great challenges in response to climate change issues. On one hand, China＇ s economic growth stage has decided that the situation of more energy consumption and increased carbon emissions is diffficult to reverse in the short term; On the other hand, the traditional policy under the control of total amount of carbon emission has largely restricted economic development. If a developing country in economic transition is carried out compulsory absolute amount of carbon reduction policies, its economic activity and social consumption will be imposed additional constraints inevitably, which will eventually lead to lower economic competitiveness and decline in social standards of living. Ultimately it will affect the good effects of carbon emissions reduction, so the policy can not achieve a satisfactory result. This paper introduces the financial mechanism into the carbon market model, extends the time of model from one phase to multi-phase. And this paper tries to establish a cross-time carbon credits trade system, and the current strength of the traditional carbon emission market trade model is extended. The paper designs two type of option mechanism model--call options trade carbon emissions model and put options carbon emissions model. Models＇ results show that choosing options tool to extend our traditional carbon market model can bring following impacts on carbon market development： trade costs have fallen, the carbon intensity also has descended, and has realized the flow of carbon intensity in diffident time; it enables manufacturers to effectively avoid the risk of carbon emissions trade; it increases the flexibility and maneuverability of the carbon trade market. Finally, the policy recommendations in the financial mechanisms carbon market trade are put forward.

Analysis on Affordable Housing Financial Mechanism in USA

Affordable housing development consists of many stages and financing is one stage which plays a critical role.Providing housing developers easy access to high- quality and low-cost capital is an effective way to encourage them to develop more affordable houses.This paper mainly focuses on affordable housing finance mechanism in USA.The first section is an overview of affordable housing in terms of definition,functions and current regulations for affordable housing.In the second section,there is an introduction of the whole affordable housing financing market.Most of the available financing resources are discussed in this part.Mainstream fund resources are discussed in the third section.The purpose of this paper is to provide housing developers an overview about affordable housing financing market and introduce several mainstream ones in detail.As well,this paper will provide an analysis for Chinese affordable housing developers about what they can learn from the USA and what potential opportunities are in China.

Research on Innovative Patterns of Financing of Intellectual Property Finance

Intellectual property is a strategic resource of national development and essential factor of international competitiveness,and finance is the core of modern economy.Strengthening the financing of intellectual property is an important way to promote the innovative development of society.However,the financing channel of intellectual property is not smooth in China,and enterprises have difficulty in financing and sink into the dilemma of high cost of financing.Therefore,the paper innovates to construct financing pattern of intellectual property finance and makes a detailed analysis about its implementation approaches based on the reference of useful experiences from foreign countries.Furthermore,the paper will build risk-compensation mechanism of intellectual property Finance.The purpose of the paper is to expand the financing channel and to improve the financing efficiency of intellectual property.

Deep Learning for Financial Time Series Prediction:A State-of-the-Art Review of Standalone and HybridModels

Financial time series prediction,whether for classification or regression,has been a heated research topic over the last decade.While traditional machine learning algorithms have experienced mediocre results,deep learning has largely contributed to the elevation of the prediction performance.Currently,the most up-to-date review of advanced machine learning techniques for financial time series prediction is still lacking,making it challenging for finance domain experts and relevant practitioners to determine which model potentially performs better,what techniques and components are involved,and how themodel can be designed and implemented.This review article provides an overview of techniques,components and frameworks for financial time series prediction,with an emphasis on state-of-the-art deep learning models in the literature from2015 to 2023,including standalonemodels like convolutional neural networks(CNN)that are capable of extracting spatial dependencies within data,and long short-term memory(LSTM)that is designed for handling temporal dependencies;and hybrid models integrating CNN,LSTM,attention mechanism(AM)and other techniques.For illustration and comparison purposes,models proposed in recent studies are mapped to relevant elements of a generalized framework comprised of input,output,feature extraction,prediction,and related processes.Among the state-of-the-artmodels,hybrid models like CNNLSTMand CNN-LSTM-AM in general have been reported superior in performance to stand-alone models like the CNN-only model.Some remaining challenges have been discussed,including non-friendliness for finance domain experts,delayed prediction,domain knowledge negligence,lack of standards,and inability of real-time and highfrequency predictions.The principal contributions of this paper are to provide a one-stop guide for both academia and industry to review,compare and summarize technologies and recent advances in this area,to facilitate smooth and informed implementation,and to highlight future research directions.

Does Digitalization Matter for Grievance Redress Mechanism?An Analysis of the E-Government Procurement in the Local Government

Public procurement denotes the attainment of goods,works,or services required by governments through contracts.Public procurement is usually plagued with covert practices and exclusive forms of corruption in Bangladesh.The cost of development finance is much higher in public procurement than that of others in Bangladesh.There have been no unified rules or laws regarding government purchases since 2006.The Government of Bangladesh enacted its ever first act of public procurement,the Public Procurement Act,2006(PPA,2006),and the Public Procurement Rules,2008(PPR,2008).The procurement entity must disseminate procurement information through electronic medium i.e.Electronic Government Procurement(hereinafter e-GP).Despite passing over an era since its enactment,the role of the PPA,2006 remains seriously under-researched area,specifically there is no research on the issue of the grievance redress mechanisms.The study has been done using a qualitative case study methodology,backed by both primary and secondary documentary analysis.Based on empirical data,this paper explained the role of digitalization in the process of government procurement and depicted changes that have been brought by the implementation of e-GP in government purchases.However,it concluded that the grievance redress mechanism in the process of procurement is only existing in the policy papers which need mandatory implementation for a transparent and accountable governance system.Despite the significant changes and up-gradation in digital government procurement,it is hardly found that the GRM process is digitalized.And the mass tenderers are yet to be acquainted with the improvised system apart from the consistent efforts of the government.

A Study of International Forest Financing Mechanism Development

The paper analyzed the bottlenecks of international forest financing development from the perspective of the development state of forest financing mechanism.It also analyzed the development possibilities of emerging financing channels while introducing official development assistance and non-financial development assistance in the framework of international forest financing mechanism,and pooled the various existing forest-involved funds to propose a feasible architecture direction for possible future development.

A Review of P2P Financial Research

Since 2007,people's spending habits began to change:from cash to the bank card,from mobile phone to non-cash transactions,from traditional finance to network finance.And the rapid rise of emerging industries results in many of the P2P Financial Corporation established,it makes the P2P platform trading volume continue to rise at an alarming rate.In this context,the industry self-discipline environment is like the mining of good and evil.The atmosphere was foul,bad phenomenon,investors difficult activist phenomenon,the phenomenon of credit default as one falls,another rises to a series of problems,such as serious absence of P2P financial supervision to promote the healthy and sustainable development,is a major problem for all participants,which must to be solved.Firstly,P2P development of management mode in the current situation in our country is discussed,and then it analyzes the P2P network of financial management platform,finally it proposes the existing problems in the relative countermeasures and suggestions of effective P2P financing mode,hoping to promote its advantages,overcoming the disadvantages of P2P.

Research on the relationship between Pension Finance and the Supply-Side Structural Reform in China

The development of pension finance is of great significance to China. first of all, the development of pension finance is conducive to improving China＇s multi-level and multi-pillar pension system, promote the sustainable development of the social security system; secondly, the development of pension finance will create a new ＂blue ocean＂ in the financial markets, which is conducive to the improvement of China＇s financial system and capital market;finally, the development of pension finance will help supply-side reforms,which is conducive to the healthy development of the national economy of china. But now there are many difficulties： first, the top-design of China＇s social security system is not perfect; secondly, the current development model of pension finance in China is unclear, the return on investment mechanism is not perfect, the attractiveness of these projects needs to be improved; finally, under the background of Interact finance, mixed supervision is imminent. Therefore, under the new economic conditions must be structured from the supply side of the reform, the development of pension funds to seek the right ideas.

三元循环视角下数字金融对农业碳减排的影响研究

基于2011—2020年中国30个省份的面板数据,采用固定效应模型等计量方法,实证分析数字金融与农业碳减排之间的关系。结果表明:从总体来看,数字金融的发展显著促进农业碳减排,在引入工具变量后,这一作用仍然显著。从作用机制来看,农户小循环、产业中循环、社会大循环是数字金融减排提质增效的有效传导路径,且三者间呈现出良性耦合关系。异质性分析表明,数字金融促进农业碳减排主要是通过提高覆盖广度和使用深度实现;相比于粮食主产区,非粮食主产区的数字金融具有更强、更显著的绿色优化效果。据此,为提升农业碳减排效率,提出加强农村地区数字金融科技体系建设、农户低碳发展、打造资源循环利用模式等政策建议。

数字普惠金融的共同富裕效应研究——基于拐点效应的检验

基于2013—2021年省级面板数据,考察数字普惠金融的共同富裕效应,实证检验数字普惠金融促进共同富裕的传导机制、识别促进拐点以及区域异质性。研究结果发现:数字普惠金融对衡量共同富裕的两个维度,居民收入水平维度以及收入差距维度均存在“U”型非线性关系,更换被解释变量以及解决内生性问题后结论依旧稳健;数字普惠金融对共同富裕的影响存在区域异质性,中国东部、中部地区并未处在促进共同富裕的最佳区域,而西部地区处在正向促进共同富裕的阶段。并根据不同地区所处的经济发展阶段实行差异化的数字普惠金融策略,构建多元化的数字普惠金融产品,夯实实现共同富裕的数字普惠金融通道。

数字普惠金融促进居民消费的机制与完善对策

数字普惠金融作为数字经济的重要组成部分,对于居民消费具有显著的积极影响,是现阶段恢复和扩大居民消费的重要手段。数字普惠金融具有全面突破时空限制、有效降低交易成本和准确评估用户风险的特点,通过支付环境便利化机制、预防性储蓄降低机制、流动性约束缓解机制和可支配收入增加机制等有效促进居民消费。为充分发挥数字普惠金融对居民消费的积极促进作用,可从大力发展数字基建、加大数字普惠金融产品创新力度、加强居民金融素质教育和完善金融监管等四个方面采取一系列有针对性的对策。

数字普惠金融对农村相对贫困的影响机制及空间效应研究

基于中国2011—2021年和2011—2019年省级面板数据,分别运用固定效应模型、中介效应模型和空间杜宾模型分析数字普惠金融对农村相对贫困的影响机制及空间效应。结果表明:数字普惠金融可以显著缓解农村相对贫困;中介效应分析表明,数字普惠金融可以通过支付、信贷、保险和收入分配等渠道缓解农村相对贫困,且支付渠道的减贫效果更好;空间效应分析结果显示,数字普惠金融能有效缓解本地区的相对贫困,但空间溢出效应尚不显著。因此,要继续深化金融供给侧结构性改革、重视对农村相对贫困群体数字金融素养的提升和加强区域合作,充分发挥数字普惠金融的作用,助力农民共同富裕。

Local Government Implicit Guarantees in China＇ s Farmland Financial System

With the massive and intensive development of the operation mode of rural land in China,the financing problem of the new rural land managers has gradually attracted more attention.The reasonable design of farmland financial system is of great importance to promote rural financial resource allocation optimization.This paper chooses two types of measures of local government implicit guarantees which are commonly used in promoting rural land mortgage loan.The measures are establishing guarantee mechanism to provide guaranties to borrowers and purchasing debt assets from financial institutions.The analysis framework is based on the financing ability theory of Holmstrom &Tirole.Research shows that when considering the collateral disposal cost,the two measures both could contribute to expand the coverage of farmland financial service.Meanwhile,local government implicit guarantees also exists some negative effects.The suggestions of the paper are reducing the collateral disposal costs of farmland loan /encouraging the market-oriented guarantee institutions to enter the rural credit market further standardizing the operation of policy guarantee mechanism and making the use range of risk fund and disposal fund clear.

我国城市轨道交通既有线改造投融资机制研究

我国城市轨道交通现已进入从“增量扩张”向“存量优化”转型的新发展阶段,既有线改造的现实紧迫性催生了庞大的资金需求,同时对资金长期可持续提出更高要求,构建与既有线改造需求相适应和匹配的投融资机制对于保障我国城轨交通高质量发展具有重要价值。然而,既有线改造类型多样且利益主体复杂,目前实践层面缺乏统一且完整的指导规划,理论层面也亟需为投融资模式创新提供充分研究支撑。本文在总结伦敦、日本、北京、上海、深圳、天津等典型案例经验的基础上,结合项目的经济属性、周期属性、多主体特征,探究分级分类的投融资体系和实践思路,并构建财政补贴与激励协同、存量资产与新增投资互促融合的投融资机制。以期为完善既有线改造顶层设计、形成多主体协同且面向中长期的投融资机制体系提供参考与决策依据。

生成式人工智能赋能普惠金融:现实基础、关键风险挑战与应对策略

普惠金融是写好金融“五篇大文章”的重要组成部分。当前,我国普惠金融发展面临可持续性、普及性不足以及信用体系不完善等挑战。近年来,生成式人工智能迅猛发展,正在成为信息化、数字化、智能化的新型技术基座,其拥有强大的知识编码和储存能力、文本和代码理解及生成能力以及复杂任务的推理能力,能够对普惠金融产生数据资源化、数据资产化、数字信任、风险控制、降本增效五大效应,从而有效赋能普惠金融高质量发展。

数字普惠金融能否促进农业高质量发展?——兼论影响机制与空间效应

着力推动农业高质量发展是推进我国农业农村现代化的重要基础和关键支撑。我国正处于由农业大国转型为农业强国的关键时期,农业发展不平衡、不协调、大而不强、多而不优等问题突出,推进乡村全面振兴任重道远。作为农村金融供给的重要组成部分,数字普惠金融是实现我国农业高质量发展阔步前行的内在要求,通过构建并测度农业高质量发展指标体系,采用2011—2022年省级面板数据及北京大学数字普惠金融数据,实证分析数字普惠金融对农业高质量发展的影响。研究表明:第一,数字普惠金融发展水平每提高1%,农业高质量发展水平约提高0.08%,农业高质量发展的东西部差距约缩小0.15%;第二,数字普惠金融对农业高质量发展的推动作用在数字普惠金融供给侧存在由信息不对称的缓解所带来的正向调节效应,在需求侧存在由农业规模化经营所带来的部分中介效应;第三,数字普惠金融对农业高质量发展有较强的正向空间溢出性。以数字普惠金融促农业农村金融供需适配是实现农业高质量发展的政策着力点,未来可进一步补齐农村数字通信基础设施短板,鼓励农业适度规模经营,释放规模经济效应,加快区域协调发展,进而推动农业实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长。

数字普惠金融赋能共同富裕的机制分析

在构建共同富裕指标体系基础上,对我国285个地级市的共同富裕水平进行测算,并探讨了其分布演化趋势。利用双向固定效应模型研究数字普惠金融对共同富裕的影响,并进一步分析了其作用机制和影响的异质性。研究发现,2011—2019年我国的共同富裕水平整体上有显著提升;数字普惠金融对共同富裕具有显著的促进作用,且对共同富裕的发展性和共享性也具有显著促进作用;数字普惠金融的3个子维度指数——覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度对共同富裕的促进作用存在差异。机制分析表明,数字普惠金融可以通过提高创新创业活跃度和缓解融资约束来促进共同富裕。在考虑内生性问题和稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立。最后,基于以上研究结论提出相应政策建议。

土地出让收入支持乡村振兴动力来源及机理分析

为更好支持乡村振兴战略实施,从马克思地租理论出发阐释土地出让收入的双重属性和本质内涵,描述激励约束机制下土地出让收入用于农业农村发展的情况。结合《乡村振兴战略规划(2018—2022)》和《关于调整完善土地出让收入使用范围优先支持乡村振兴的意见》说明土地出让收入支持乡村振兴的应然领域。采用规范分析法,选取2010—2019年国有土地出让面积、土地出让收入和用于农业农村的支出的相关数据,分析土地出让收入对乡村发展的影响。土地出让收入用于农业农村发展的支出在总额上逐年增加,但相较于城市支出比例偏低,且存在收益分配不均的问题。通过对土地出让收入的制度属性的分析,发现分税财政体制、政绩考核制度和低土地财政依赖度三方面是土地出让收入支持乡村振兴的外生动力,为可持续内生动力的产生创造外部环境;土地出让收入的合理分配格局、精准投入、政策引导人才流向乡村三方面是内生动力。厘清土地出让收入支持乡村振兴内在和外生动力来源及其机理,有助于形成土地出让收入合理分配格局,减少对土地财政的依赖度,缩小城乡发展差异。