Transport risk assessment for the environment has two important aspects--problem solving model and solution veracity. Problem solving model is larger understanding of tasks interconnection, which represents in itself ...Transport risk assessment for the environment has two important aspects--problem solving model and solution veracity. Problem solving model is larger understanding of tasks interconnection, which represents in itself partial solution of general risk assessment. Veracity of solution means how the results are consistent with the reality. By researching of both aspects, it rises many unanswered questions. It is concerned about verification and validation of risk assessment results. By risk assessment for the environment it is possible to meet wide variety of more or less good soluble problems. It exists simple problems based on risk assessment of common traffic accidents connected with service charge outflow. On the other site, it exists complex problems of risk assessment connected with dangerous goods transport by traffic or pipelines. By simple problems solving there are not many questions about risk assessment veracity. It is possible to determine traffic accidents frequencies and service charge outflows consequences on the basis of examined events in transportation with great veracity. By complex problems the situation is quite different. The frequencies of large accidents are very low but the consequences for the environment may be large. Both are encumbered by large level of uncertainty. That is why the question is rising. To what degree, it is in these cases correct to make decision based on risk assessment.展开更多
Along with the environmental pollution causes complexity and diversity increases ceaselessly, “national environmental protection” Twelfth Five “planning” (hereinafter referred to as “planning”) will be the envir...Along with the environmental pollution causes complexity and diversity increases ceaselessly, “national environmental protection” Twelfth Five “planning” (hereinafter referred to as “planning”) will be the environmental risk prevention as the “12th Five-Year Plan” one of the important tasks, including advancing environmental risk management in the whole process, key areas the environmental risk prevention measures. The whole process environmental risk management covers a risk source recognition, receptor vulnerability assessment, environmental risk characterization, risk decision and risk assessment of accident loss. This article from the environmental risk source classification, environmental risk classification management, environmental emergency response and environmental risk and insurance environment four aspects put forward the “12th Five-Year Plan” whole process environmental risk management content, to further reduce our country environmental pollution accident risk and policy makers to provide some decision support.展开更多
Arboricultural research focusing on transport land use was lacking in Hong Kong.Some highway slopes were registered in the Systematic Identification of Maintenance Responsibility of Slopes in the Territory(SIMAR),abbr...Arboricultural research focusing on transport land use was lacking in Hong Kong.Some highway slopes were registered in the Systematic Identification of Maintenance Responsibility of Slopes in the Territory(SIMAR),abbreviated as SIMAR slopes.We aimed to analyze patterns in the structure and species composition of the tree stock along a highway in Hong Kong and examined how a slope registration system could help explain the characteristics of urban forests.The 53 slopes and 52 verges along San Tin Highway,Hong Kong were randomly selected.The trees on each slope and verge were collectively sampled as a tree stand.Six variables,namely tree abundance,species richness,maximum tree height,Shannon-Wiener diversity,Simpson's dominance,and Pielou's evenness were measured for each stand.In addition,a limited visual tree risk assessment was performed.The 7,209 trees in 23 species were recorded.Species richness was low,ranging from one to eight species per stand.SIMAR and non-SIMAR slopes were compared.SIMAR slopes had significantly higher species richness,diversity,evenness but lower dominance,with mean difference of 1.41 species,0.17,0.17 and-0.28respectively.SIMAR slopes were associated with lower tree risk rating.When training regression models,boosting as an ensemble method arbitrarily raised the explanatory power and the predictive accuracy of some models.Slope height,length,angle and area could be significant predictors of the biodiversity-related variables.Future research can sample more habitat characteristics related to the structure and species composition of slopes and verges which were important components of urban forestry.展开更多
文摘Transport risk assessment for the environment has two important aspects--problem solving model and solution veracity. Problem solving model is larger understanding of tasks interconnection, which represents in itself partial solution of general risk assessment. Veracity of solution means how the results are consistent with the reality. By researching of both aspects, it rises many unanswered questions. It is concerned about verification and validation of risk assessment results. By risk assessment for the environment it is possible to meet wide variety of more or less good soluble problems. It exists simple problems based on risk assessment of common traffic accidents connected with service charge outflow. On the other site, it exists complex problems of risk assessment connected with dangerous goods transport by traffic or pipelines. By simple problems solving there are not many questions about risk assessment veracity. It is possible to determine traffic accidents frequencies and service charge outflows consequences on the basis of examined events in transportation with great veracity. By complex problems the situation is quite different. The frequencies of large accidents are very low but the consequences for the environment may be large. Both are encumbered by large level of uncertainty. That is why the question is rising. To what degree, it is in these cases correct to make decision based on risk assessment.
文摘Along with the environmental pollution causes complexity and diversity increases ceaselessly, “national environmental protection” Twelfth Five “planning” (hereinafter referred to as “planning”) will be the environmental risk prevention as the “12th Five-Year Plan” one of the important tasks, including advancing environmental risk management in the whole process, key areas the environmental risk prevention measures. The whole process environmental risk management covers a risk source recognition, receptor vulnerability assessment, environmental risk characterization, risk decision and risk assessment of accident loss. This article from the environmental risk source classification, environmental risk classification management, environmental emergency response and environmental risk and insurance environment four aspects put forward the “12th Five-Year Plan” whole process environmental risk management content, to further reduce our country environmental pollution accident risk and policy makers to provide some decision support.
基金funded by the Highways Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government。
文摘Arboricultural research focusing on transport land use was lacking in Hong Kong.Some highway slopes were registered in the Systematic Identification of Maintenance Responsibility of Slopes in the Territory(SIMAR),abbreviated as SIMAR slopes.We aimed to analyze patterns in the structure and species composition of the tree stock along a highway in Hong Kong and examined how a slope registration system could help explain the characteristics of urban forests.The 53 slopes and 52 verges along San Tin Highway,Hong Kong were randomly selected.The trees on each slope and verge were collectively sampled as a tree stand.Six variables,namely tree abundance,species richness,maximum tree height,Shannon-Wiener diversity,Simpson's dominance,and Pielou's evenness were measured for each stand.In addition,a limited visual tree risk assessment was performed.The 7,209 trees in 23 species were recorded.Species richness was low,ranging from one to eight species per stand.SIMAR and non-SIMAR slopes were compared.SIMAR slopes had significantly higher species richness,diversity,evenness but lower dominance,with mean difference of 1.41 species,0.17,0.17 and-0.28respectively.SIMAR slopes were associated with lower tree risk rating.When training regression models,boosting as an ensemble method arbitrarily raised the explanatory power and the predictive accuracy of some models.Slope height,length,angle and area could be significant predictors of the biodiversity-related variables.Future research can sample more habitat characteristics related to the structure and species composition of slopes and verges which were important components of urban forestry.
