目的探究基于病友共情延续性健康教育模式的构筑对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响。方法选取2018年6月~2019年6月在武汉大学人民医院行血液透析治疗的80例门诊患者,随机分为实验组(n=40)和...目的探究基于病友共情延续性健康教育模式的构筑对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响。方法选取2018年6月~2019年6月在武汉大学人民医院行血液透析治疗的80例门诊患者,随机分为实验组(n=40)和对照组(n=40),其中对照组采用常规的健康教育模式,实验组在对照组实施方案基础上构筑病友共情模式。3个月后采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评估2组患者的焦虑、抑郁程度;采用健康测评量表(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)评估2组患者的生活质量。结果实验3个月后,2组干预后的SAS和SDS评分较对照组明显改善(t值分别为4.747,5.731;P值分别为<0.001,<0.001);干预后实验组较对照组SF36评分在躯体功能、躯体角色、肌体痛疼、心理卫生、活力、社会功能、情绪角色和总体健康得分明显提高(t值分别为14.810,5.487,5.512,5.706,15.880,9.100,3.885,3.496;P值分别为<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001)。结论构筑病友共情的延续性健康教育模式能够有效缓解MHD患者的负性情绪发生、发展,并能提高其生活质量,值得临床推广。展开更多
Background: Ministry of Health, Government of India developed the Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) strategy and operationalized adolescent health services up to district and sub-district hospital level...Background: Ministry of Health, Government of India developed the Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) strategy and operationalized adolescent health services up to district and sub-district hospital level. Objectives: To operationalize adolescent health services at primary health care level in a block of Maharashtra;assess impact of need based interventions on quality of services;and understand potential for scalability in the state. Methods: Adolescent and Youth friendly centers were established at primary health care settings and interventions such as health system strengthening, sensitizing gatekeepers, involving Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHAs), developing inter and intra-sectoral linkages, improving monitoring and evaluation were tested. Results: Over a period of 2009-2014, there was a steady increase in the number of clients attending the Adolescent and Youth Friendly Health Centers (A&YFHCs). Attitude of providers to address adolescents’ needs improved significantly. Successful interventions were networking with schools, colleges and Non Government Organization (NGOs), linkages with HIV program and Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), and involvement of ASHAs. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that although health system has the primary responsibility of addressing health issues among adolescents;it has limitations in terms of its reach to adolescents and generating demand for services. There is a need to network with education sector, ICDS, NGOs working for adolescent health and development to work as a team and address the multifaceted needs of the adolescents. Such a strategy will be crucial while implementing the recently launched Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram— the new national adolescent health programme in India.展开更多
One important area where the development of economically viable products can improve the quality and comfort of human existence is natural ventilation inside a building. Despite the wide distribution of air pollutant ...One important area where the development of economically viable products can improve the quality and comfort of human existence is natural ventilation inside a building. Despite the wide distribution of air pollutant sources, the concentration of indoor pollutants may be the dominant risk factor in relation to personal exposure, as most people spend an average of 87% and 6% of their time within enclosed rooms and vehicles, respectively. Under these circumstances, wind driven rotating ventilators, which use natural energy and are cheap to manufacture, install and maintain, can become very effective non-polluting means of alleviating the problems within enclosed spaces. The author has been pioneering design and performance studies of environment friendly products such as the rooftop ventilator for over a decade at the University of New South Wales in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to detail the basic working principles of this ventilator and the series of detailed experimental and numerical investigations that has been performed in the optimization of the rooftop ventilator in terms of performance with higher air mass extraction rate and improved safety in operation has been achieved. Findings from these studies have been incorporated in the design of ventilators that are now commercially produced and marketed throughout the world by CSR Edmonds Pry Ltd of Australia. The conduct and outcomes of these works form the basis of this keynote paper.展开更多
文摘目的探究基于病友共情延续性健康教育模式的构筑对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响。方法选取2018年6月~2019年6月在武汉大学人民医院行血液透析治疗的80例门诊患者,随机分为实验组(n=40)和对照组(n=40),其中对照组采用常规的健康教育模式,实验组在对照组实施方案基础上构筑病友共情模式。3个月后采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评估2组患者的焦虑、抑郁程度;采用健康测评量表(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)评估2组患者的生活质量。结果实验3个月后,2组干预后的SAS和SDS评分较对照组明显改善(t值分别为4.747,5.731;P值分别为<0.001,<0.001);干预后实验组较对照组SF36评分在躯体功能、躯体角色、肌体痛疼、心理卫生、活力、社会功能、情绪角色和总体健康得分明显提高(t值分别为14.810,5.487,5.512,5.706,15.880,9.100,3.885,3.496;P值分别为<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001)。结论构筑病友共情的延续性健康教育模式能够有效缓解MHD患者的负性情绪发生、发展,并能提高其生活质量,值得临床推广。
文摘Background: Ministry of Health, Government of India developed the Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) strategy and operationalized adolescent health services up to district and sub-district hospital level. Objectives: To operationalize adolescent health services at primary health care level in a block of Maharashtra;assess impact of need based interventions on quality of services;and understand potential for scalability in the state. Methods: Adolescent and Youth friendly centers were established at primary health care settings and interventions such as health system strengthening, sensitizing gatekeepers, involving Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHAs), developing inter and intra-sectoral linkages, improving monitoring and evaluation were tested. Results: Over a period of 2009-2014, there was a steady increase in the number of clients attending the Adolescent and Youth Friendly Health Centers (A&YFHCs). Attitude of providers to address adolescents’ needs improved significantly. Successful interventions were networking with schools, colleges and Non Government Organization (NGOs), linkages with HIV program and Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), and involvement of ASHAs. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that although health system has the primary responsibility of addressing health issues among adolescents;it has limitations in terms of its reach to adolescents and generating demand for services. There is a need to network with education sector, ICDS, NGOs working for adolescent health and development to work as a team and address the multifaceted needs of the adolescents. Such a strategy will be crucial while implementing the recently launched Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram— the new national adolescent health programme in India.
文摘One important area where the development of economically viable products can improve the quality and comfort of human existence is natural ventilation inside a building. Despite the wide distribution of air pollutant sources, the concentration of indoor pollutants may be the dominant risk factor in relation to personal exposure, as most people spend an average of 87% and 6% of their time within enclosed rooms and vehicles, respectively. Under these circumstances, wind driven rotating ventilators, which use natural energy and are cheap to manufacture, install and maintain, can become very effective non-polluting means of alleviating the problems within enclosed spaces. The author has been pioneering design and performance studies of environment friendly products such as the rooftop ventilator for over a decade at the University of New South Wales in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to detail the basic working principles of this ventilator and the series of detailed experimental and numerical investigations that has been performed in the optimization of the rooftop ventilator in terms of performance with higher air mass extraction rate and improved safety in operation has been achieved. Findings from these studies have been incorporated in the design of ventilators that are now commercially produced and marketed throughout the world by CSR Edmonds Pry Ltd of Australia. The conduct and outcomes of these works form the basis of this keynote paper.
