Preparation of Tartary Buckwheat Seed Coating Agent and Its Effect on Germination

To mitigate the wastage of seed resources and reduce the usage of pesticides and fertilizers, seed coating agentshave gained popularity. This study employs single-factor and multi-index orthogonal experimental design methodsto investigate the seed coating formula and physical properties of Tartary buckwheat. The specific effects ofeach component on Tartary buckwheat seed germination are analyzed. The findings reveal that the seed coatingagent formulated with 1.5% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.15% sodium alginate, 0.2% op-10, 0.1% polyacrylamide, 8% colorant,3% ammonium sulfate, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.15% carbendazim exhibits the mosteffective coating. It demonstrates optimal physical properties and promotes seed germination efficiently. The suspensionrate of this seed coating agent reaches 91.12%, with a mere 2.13% coating shedding rate and 2.5% coatingseed rot rate. Furthermore, it achieves a germination percentage of 99.17%, which is 20.84% higher than the lowestgroup. The germination potential and index are also significantly higher than the lowest group, with anincrease of 20.84% and 26.56%, respectively. Additionally, the vitality index is 553.08, a 15.75% increase comparedto the lowest group. The application of seed coating agents helps reduce seed resource loss, increase plant numbers,and ultimately enhance agricultural yields. This finding holds practical significance in agriculturalproduction.

Effects of Different Seed Coating Agents on the Quality of"Grey-matter"Hybrid Rice Seeds

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable mixed seed coating agents for improving the quality of"grey-matter"hybrid rice seeds.[Methods]Three different mixed seed coating agents(A,B,C)were used to coat the seeds of two varieties(Taiyou 390 and Zhenliangyou 8612)of hybrid rice with different"grey-matter"content(5%,15%,25%),and the results were investigated and compared.[Results]The combinations of treatment B(seed coating agent A+Linong)and treatment C(Manshijin+seed coating agent A)could significantly improve indexes including seed germination potential,germination rate,seed vigor,seedling height,fibrous roots and fresh weight of the two varieties with a"grey-matter"content greater than 15%,but had no significant effects on main root length,dry weight,leaf number and tiller number,and the effects of treatment B was better than those of treatment C.That is to say,mixed seed coating agent B(seed coating agent A+Linong)was suitable for use as a seed coating agent to improve the quality of"grey-matter"seeds.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference plan for the safe use of mixed seed batches with"grey-matter"deterioration.

Preparation of a Novel Highly Effective and Environmental Friendly Wheat Seed Coating Agent

A novel environmental friendly wheat seed coating agent was prepared from the natural polymer,biological pesticide,microfertilizer,microelements and other additives.The laboratory and field test results showed that it could enhance the yield up to 16% and reduce its input cost to 1/6 as compared with the conventional wheat seed coating agent.It is safe without causing any pollution and would have significant economic and environmental benefits.

Physicochemical Property Testing of a Novel Maize Seed Coating Agent and Its Antibacterial Mechanism Research

We used the no pollution natural polymer polysaccharide chitosan as the main raw material, which is supplemented by other additives, to prepare a high-efficiency environmental friendly maize seed coating agent. By detecting the seed quality, maize seedling indexes, which include root activity, chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and through the results we found that this seed coating agent could improve the photosynthetic capacity and enhance seedling resistance. Laboratory bacteriostasis test and study showed that the antibacterial rate of this seed coating agent has reached more than 88%. Meanwhile, we analyzed and studied the antimicrobial mechanism of the seed coating agent.

Effect and Mechanism of Cold Tolerant Seed-Coating Agents on the Cold Tolerance of Early Indica Rice Seedlings

To better understand the effect and mechanism of cold tolerant seed-coating agents on the cold tolerance of rice seedlings, the physiological and biochemical effects of four cold tolerant seed-coating agents （HET, YKJ, YKZYJ, and the ABA seed coating agents） on two early indica rice varieties were studied under chilling stress. The results showed that the rice seedlings treated with cold tolerant seed-coating agents under chilling stress maintained dramatically higher root vigor, POD, CAT and SOD activities, and chlorophyll content, had lower MDA content and electrolyte leakage, and accumulated more soluble sugar and free proline, when compared with the control without the treatment, and finally showed lower plant injury rate. It was indicated that the cold tolerant seed coating agent improved the ability of rice seedlings in resisting to chilling stress. YKZYJ was ranked the first in terms of the efficiency in cold tolerance among the four cold tolerant seed-coating agents tested.

Preparation of a Novel Environmental Soybean Seed Coating Agent

In the study, a novel environmental soybean seed coating agent was made of natural polymer, trace elements, trace fertilizer and biopesticides etc., with the condition of high performance-to-price ratio and environmental friendliness. Effects of this soybean seed coating agent on soybean yield were tested through the laboratory and farm experiments. The tested results showed that the soybean yield using this seed coating agent was increased by 15.46%, and its cost was decreased by 27.8%, compared with the conventional soybean seed coating agent. It’s nontoxic and harmless to human and animals, more friendly to the environment. So it has obvious economic and environmental benefits.

Activity test and mechanism study of an environmentally friendly wheat seed coating agent

This novel environmentally friendly wheat seed coating agent which has been made with natural polymer as the primary material could increase yield by about 9% compared with the conventionally virulent wheat seed coating agent. In the premise of this production, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase (POD) was determined. The results show that, after treated by the self-made wheat seed coating agent, the contents of the MDA were less than traditional group and the blank control group and POD contents were higher than traditional group and blank control group, this provides a good foundation on the further research of self-control wheat seed coating agent.

天津地区水稻恶苗病防治药剂筛选试验

天津市优质农产品开发示范中心开展水稻恶苗病防治药剂筛选试验。试验表明,17%杀螟·乙蒜素+80%乙蒜素对恶苗病的防效达100%,节本高效;经1万hm2以上生产实践检验,1 kg带菌种子用17%杀螟·乙蒜素5 g+80%乙蒜素0.6 ml浸种处理7~8 d,种水比1:1.1~1.2,恶苗病病株最少,仅个别种植户因操作不当本田零星出现恶苗病。

种衣剂防治小麦茎基腐病效果的评价

茎基腐病已成为黄淮小麦主产区最具破坏性的土传病害之一,对我国粮食安全供给构成严重威胁。目前抗茎基腐病主栽品种稀少,生产上主要依赖于化学农药措施。药剂拌种可以有效防治茎基腐病。综合评价现有的种衣剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治及增产效果,以期为合理用药提供依据。采取高感茎基腐病小麦品种郑麦1354为研究对象,播种前种子包衣晾干,利用高致病力茎基腐病菌株PY20-20培养小米菌谷,连续2个小麦生长季利用进行人工接种病圃,包衣种子和接种菌谷等重量混合播种,分别于小麦拔节期和乳熟期记载处理小区植株发病情况,调查9种种衣剂处理后不同生育期的病情指数(disease index,DI),成熟收获后测定小区实际产量,结合小麦产量相关性状,比较种衣剂防病增产作用。结果表明:种衣剂处理后拔节期茎基腐病DI值均小于1.0,显著小于空白对照(5.07),防治效果为85.09%~100%,其中33 g·L^(-1)咯菌·噻虫胺、9%苯甲·吡虫啉和35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈的防效达到为97%~100%。在乳熟期,种衣剂处理后茎基腐病DI平均值低于15,显著小于空白对照(81.55),其中35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防效较好,平均防效分别达到92%和95%,而且分别增产39.62%和36.31%。综合而言,采用种衣剂35 g·L^(-1)精甲霜灵·咯菌腈和9%苯甲·吡虫啉防治小麦茎基腐病效果好且增产效果显著,具有较好的应用前景。

6种种衣剂防治芝麻枯萎病效果初步研究

种衣剂处理是防治由土壤、种子带菌引起的作物苗期枯萎病的有效手段。本研究分别采用培养皿培养和盆栽试验评估6种种衣剂防治芝麻枯萎病的效果。结果表明:使用培养皿培养法筛选芝麻种衣剂可行,与盆栽试验相比,培养皿方法简单快速。盆栽试验结果表明,6种种衣剂中防治效果最好的为15%多·福FSC,其次为30 g/L苯醚甲环唑FSC和25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FSC。15%多·福FSC的防治效果在播种后15 d达97%,播种后45 d仍在50%以上。15%多·福FSC、30 g/L苯醚甲环唑FSC和25%噻虫·咯·霜灵FSC包衣的最佳用量分别为11.11、7.50 mL/kg和30 mL/kg。本研究为芝麻种衣剂的初筛提供了简单快速的方法,并筛选出3种防效良好的种衣剂。

种衣剂减量下增施菌剂和肥料对小麦光合、产量、蚜虫及白粉病防控的影响

为探究拌种药剂减量下增施不同类型肥料对麦田蚜虫和白粉病防控及光合和产量的影响,以小麦蚜虫低感品种川麦104和高感品种内麦836为试验材料,采用大田试验,对种衣剂减量20%下,配合施用光合菌剂、微生物菌剂、硅肥或磷酸二氢钾后麦田土壤酶活性、小麦植株光合特性、病虫防治情况和产量性状的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明,拌种药剂减量20%条件下增施微生物菌剂较种衣剂常规用量处理能显著提高孕穗期川麦104的根际土壤的脲酶活性,以及内麦836的根际土壤过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性。在孕穗期和抽穗期,低感品种川麦104的麦蚜数量均显著低于内麦836;增施微生物菌剂和硅肥均能显著降低麦蚜和白粉病发生,对蚜虫防效和白粉病防效较常规药剂拌种用量处理分别提高8.0和10.2个百分点。拌种药剂减量20%配合施用光合菌剂、微生物菌剂、硅肥和磷酸二氢钾均能有效提高小麦旗叶氮素含量和SPAD值,改善叶片光合效率。增施硅肥下川麦104和内麦836的产量最高,较常规种衣剂用量处理分别增加16.0%和18.2%,差异均显著。以上结果说明,小麦种子种衣剂减量配合施用硅肥或微生物菌剂可有效提高麦田土壤酶活性,减少蚜虫和白粉病发生,改善小麦叶片光合特性,提高产量。

生防芽孢杆菌种子处理剂WS20的研制及对甘蓝枯萎病的防治效果

生防芽孢杆菌类微生物制剂能有效控制植物病害。本研究以具有生防潜力的萎缩芽孢杆菌ZY1825菌株发酵液为包衣种子处理剂活性成分,以甘蓝枯萎病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌为指示菌,采用单因素、正交、平板对峙试验和稀释平板计数法,明确了拮抗抑菌效果和生防菌活菌含量,通过对分散剂、成膜剂、稳定剂、防冻剂等助剂的筛选,确定了混合助剂最优配方为:木质素磺酸钠4.00%、羧甲基纤维素0.25%、膨润土1.00%、乙二醇0.50%、大红染料2.00%(均为质量分数)。生防芽孢杆菌种子处理剂WS20配方为:萎缩芽孢杆菌发酵液(9.28×109cfu/mL)与混合助剂体积比为2:1,成膜时间1.45 min,包衣均匀度93.06%,货架期可达150 d,热储和低温稳定性等指标均符合种子处理悬浮剂及微生物制剂的国家相关标准。采用WS20种子处理剂按药种质量比1:30包衣甘蓝种子,对甘蓝枯萎病的盆栽防效达64.94%。研究结果可为芽孢杆菌类生防种子处理剂制备和土传性病害生物防治提供参考。

Bacillus velezensis G-1·脂肽悬浮种衣剂的制备及其对高粱丝黑穗病菌的防侵染效果

为筛选出可有效抑制高粱丝黑穗病菌侵染高粱根部组织的生防微生物与天然产物,并在此基础上开发出便于在生产上推广应用的微生物悬浮种衣剂。本研究以晋杂2001号高粱为试验材料,选择试验室保藏的3株优秀抗病细菌和脂肽物质,首先通过种子萌发和活体侵染率测定试验明确了不同拮抗细菌和脂肽物质对高粱丝黑穗病菌的防侵染效果和较优使用浓度,随后以优选菌株和脂肽物质为活性成分进行了悬浮种衣剂配方优化、种衣剂较优使用量及贮藏稳定性研究,并在盆栽条件下测定了悬浮种衣剂对高粱丝黑穗病菌的防侵染效果。研究结果表明:Bacillus velezensis G-1及其次级代谢产物(脂肽)对高粱丝黑穗病菌侵染高粱根部组织具有良好抑制效果,较优使用浓度分别为1.0×10^(9)cfu mL^(–1)和600μg mL^(–1),且对晋杂2001号高粱种子萌发无显著抑制作用(P>0.05);B.velezensis G-1·脂肽悬浮种衣剂的较优配方为菌株G-1悬浮液(1.0×10^(11)cfu mL^(–1))5 mL、脂肽物质(8 mg mL^(–1))5 mL、羧甲基纤维素钠4 g、海藻酸钠0.6 g、分散剂MF 4 g、FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 0.2 g、MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 1 g、K_(2)HPO_(4)·3H_(2)O 0.5 g、色浆4 g,水补足100 g;B.velezensis G-1·脂肽悬浮种衣剂的较优使用量为25 g包装1 kg高粱种子,且对高粱丝黑穗病菌的盆栽侵染抑制率为87.74%;此外,B.velezensis G-1·脂肽悬浮种衣剂还对高粱幼苗生长表现出较好促生作用,并具有良好贮藏稳定性,常温下避光贮藏12个月后防侵染效果仅下降1.63%。说明B.velezensis G-1·脂肽悬浮种衣剂在高粱丝黑穗病绿色防控技术推广应用中具有良好应用前景。

不同浓度赤藓糖醇对甜菜种子萌发的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同浓度赤藓糖醇对甜菜种子‘TD801’发芽特性的影响,以期为甜菜种子包衣技术提供科学依据。实验设计包括3个赤藓糖醇浓度(5、7.5、10 mmol/L)和3个处理时间梯度(8、16、24 h),形成9组不同的处理条件。通过与对照组(CK)比较,分析各处理条件下的种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数以及相对电导率等指标变化。实验结果表明,所有处理组相较于对照组均显示出促进甜菜种子引发的效果。具体而言,处理后种子的发芽势较对照提高了4个百分点,最高12.33个百分点;发芽率比对照CK提高最低9个百分点,最高12个百分点;发芽指数比对照CK提高最低28.92%,最高60.74%;活力指数比对照CK提高最低69.45%,最高116.81%;相对电导率与对照CK比较均有降低,最低下降58.26个百分点,最高下降83.10个百分点。当浓度为5 mmol/L,8 h时,对提升发芽势效果较好;当浓度为5 mmol/L,24 h时,发芽率的效果更好;当浓度为5 mmol/L,16 h时,对发芽指数和活力指数的影响较好;浓度为10 mmol/L,时间为24 h对相对电导率效果更好。综上所述,赤藓糖醇处理能够有效提高甜菜种子的萌发性能,其中以5 mmol/L浓度和16 h的处理时间最为显著,为甜菜种子包衣提供了重要的参考信息。

8种种衣剂对芡实种子发芽及安全性的影响

[目的]筛选出合适的芡实种子包衣剂。[方法]以苏芡2号和青子芡2个芡实品种为试验材料,分别用30%吡唑醚菌酯·咯菌腈·噻虫胺悬浮种衣剂、25 g/L咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、11%唑醚·灭菌唑悬浮种衣剂、11%精甲·咯·嘧菌悬浮种衣剂、27%苯醚·咯·噻虫悬浮种衣剂、4.23%甲霜·种菌唑悬浮种衣剂、22.4%氟唑菌苯胺悬浮种衣剂、62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂共8种种衣剂进行包衣处理,对芡实种子的发芽率和安全性进行评价。[结果]芡实种子发芽率在品种间存在差异,苏芡2号比青子芡发芽率高;不同包衣处理对发芽率的影响具有差异,其中4.23%甲霜·种菌唑悬浮种衣剂效果优于其他处理,苏芡和青子芡发芽率分别为58.49%和42.05%,与对照发芽率差异不显著;药剂处理后芡实的叶片存在一定畸形和矮化症状。[结论]4.23%甲霜·种菌唑悬浮种衣剂对芡实种子发芽率无明显抑制作用,但对芡实生长存在一定的胁迫作用,需要进一步优化药剂施用方法。该研究结果可为芡实种衣剂筛选提供参考依据。

种子包衣技术及种衣剂研究进展

种子的活力与抗逆性会直接影响成熟作物的产量与质量,因而种植业需要有效快捷的种子处理技术。种子包衣技术以浸种、拌种为基础,可以将多领域的技术结合发展,是一种现代农业广泛应用的种子处理技术。种子包衣技术具有提高作物产量与质量、提高机械播种适配性、减少对生态环境的污染、降低种植成本与人工成本等作用。本文对种子包衣技术与种衣剂的作用机制、包衣方法、类型及作用等进行了概括性叙述,并对其今后的研究发展方向进行了展望,旨在为今后种子包衣技术的研究提供参考。

不同种衣剂对西兰花种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为提高西兰花种子质量降低苗期病害发生率,研究了不同浓度的噁霉灵和精甲·咯菌腈种衣剂对西兰花种子萌发、幼苗生长及病害发生的影响。结果表明,相同药剂不同浓度拌种处理后两个西兰花品种种子的发芽势、发芽率和出苗率均呈先升后降的趋势。噁霉灵种衣剂浓度为0.10%时,种子发芽势、发芽率相比噁霉灵种衣剂其他浓度处理高;3 mL·kg^(-1)精甲·咯菌腈种衣剂处理,种子发芽势和发芽率均高于精甲·咯菌腈种衣剂其他浓度处理,而且也是所有处理中效果最佳。研究结果为西兰花高质量种子加工技术提供了重要的借鉴和参考。

30%噻虫嗪种衣剂对油菜生长及产量的影响

为探究30%噻虫嗪种衣剂对油菜生长及产量的影响,本实验使用该种衣剂对MY400、BY150两个油菜品种进行包衣处理后在大田中种植,从出苗率、经济性状、产量等方向进行观察。结果表明,油菜种子的出苗率得到了提高,MY400经过包衣处理在4、5、9月份的出苗试验中,出苗率分别为48.33%、43.67%、52.33%,与对照相比具有显著性差异,其中4月份出苗率比对照高11.20个百分点。BY150经过包衣处理在各月份的出苗率要比对照高1.34~4.54个百分点。MY400经过包衣处理的有效分支数、主花序有效长度、主花序角果数、分支有效角果数均显著高于对照组,BY150经过包衣处理略高于对照组。处理与对照平均千粒重无显著差异,产量上,MY400和BY150经过种衣剂处理后分别比对照增产8.71%、6.24%。综上表明,种子经过30%噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂处理,在生长过程中一些经济性状得到了提升,最终提高了油菜的总体产量。

种衣剂添加黑曲霉对盐胁迫下玉米苗期生长的影响

为探究种衣剂添加黑曲霉在盐胁迫下对玉米苗期生长的影响,试验设置对照组(CK)、盐胁迫对照组(NCK)、盐胁迫施用种衣剂(NHQ)、无盐胁迫施用种衣剂(HQ)、盐胁迫施用种衣剂并添加黑曲霉(NHQ-A)、无盐胁迫施用种衣剂并添加黑曲霉(HQ-A)6个处理,结果表明,NHQ-A、HQ-A组相较NHQ、HQ组,根长分别增长16.07%和30.06%,叶宽分别增长11.08%和6.88%,叶绿素SPAD值、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有明显增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降。因此,种衣剂添加黑曲霉对玉米幼苗苗期生长具有一定的促生作用,能够缓解盐胁迫对玉米带来的一部分危害。

不同生物制剂防治小麦茎基腐病的田间试验研究

小麦茎基腐病是由镰刀菌侵染引起的一种重要的真菌性土传病害,在小麦产区呈流行发生态势,严重威胁中国小麦的安全生产。本研究评价了不同药剂种子包衣处理以及返青期和灌浆期施药对小麦茎基腐病的综合防控效果和对产量的影响。从拌种剂对苗期的影响来看:大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白和苯醚·咯·噻虫组合能显著增加株高、根长和单株鲜重;从不同时期的病株(茎)率调查来看:大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白、多粘类芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌均能显著降低小麦茎基腐的发病程度。最终的测产结果表明:大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白组合最优,小麦增产率为20.44%,其次是多粘类芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌,增产率均超过15%。