Environmental Accounting Audit Decision and Firm Performance： An Empirical Investigation

The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between environmental accounting audit decision and firm＇s profitability in Nigeria. Specifically, the authors hypothesize that profitability is a determinant of company＇s decision to disclose quantitative environmental information for external audits. The population of this research is made up of both quoted and non-quoted companies. The sample size for this study was selected using the simple random sampling technique. The selected companies included companies from the following sectors： agriculture, automobile and tyre, breweries, building materials, chemical and paints, conglomerates companies, food/beverages and tobacco, construction, healthcare, industrial/domestic products, packaging, printing and publishing, textiles, petroleum marketing companies, banking, insurance, and others. A sample of 160 companies with audited final accounts for 2009 financial year was eventually selected. The binary logit regression technique was utilized as the data analysis method. The finding reveals that profitability is a positive and significant determinant in evaluating the probability that a firm includes environmental information for external audits. The study concludes that finn-specific factors may provide incentives for corporate environmentalism in Nigeria.

Mediation of Computerized Accounting System （CAS） Adoption on Relationship Between Environmental Uncertainty and Organizational Performance

This paper investigates the mediation of the adoption of computerized accounting system （CAS） on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and organizational performance. The authors use factor analysis, path analysis, and regression model to examine the effects of CAS adoption on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and organizational performance. The findings reveal that the adoption level of CAS is positively associated with organizational characteristics, environmental uncertainty, and organizational performance, and the usage of CAS has a statistically significant mediating effect on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and organizational performance. This paper will be significant to business managers in the decision to adopt CAS.

Environmental Accounting in the Context of Environmental Information： Case Study of a Reforestation Company in Campo Belo do Sul City, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

In Brazil, environmental accounting is inserted in a set of emerging matters, which are arousing great interest among researchers. One of the important points regarding the environmental issue is how to develop tools in order to analyze and manage the natural resources in a balanced way. However, in the literature there are no studies that made use of a knowledge-based approach to implement environmental accounting in organizations. This work aims to examine how environmental accounting can contribute to the knowledge creation in organizations. It held an exploratory, descriptive study and a research-action. The methodological procedures held were： literature review and development of a research-action in a forest enterprise between October 2008 and January 2011. During the interviews, the creation and change of routines and activities was pointed out, such as classification of expenditures schedules, creation of new accounts and new knowledge which help the planning and decision-making process in the organization. This work has an original character due to the practical application within an organization, in which there is a longitudinal follow up for a period of two years and three months, showing the results obtained through interviews with people involved in this process of implementing environmental accounting.

Accounting Framework to Measure the Environmental Costs and Disclosed in Industrials Companies Case Study of Societe Cement Hamma Bouziane （SCHB） in Constantine

Accounting, being an integrated information system, is not merely influenced by its environment, but also affects environment as well, due to its crucial role in generating the necessary information to decision-makers. It has two main pillars： measuring and declaring the costs that result from the activities of companies, especially industrial companies because they affect the environment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate how well industrial companies are committed to measuring their environmental duties and declaring them in their balance sheets. This topic will be developed over two parts： scientific basis of environmental costs and accounting; environmental measuring and disclosure.

The Impact of Green Accounting for Reducing the Environmental Cost in Production Companies

Green accounting and their impact for reducing cost as a profession is the duty to improve the internal viewpoint of any economic unit and develop information that clarify its role within their environment and their contribution to providing appropriate information for decision-making which leads to the optimal exploitation of resources and the preservation of the environment and averting the threat. Thus, taking into account the environmental accounts especially environmental costs would enable the accounting profession to provide more relevant information and appropriate administrative decision makers, productivity, in particular where the problem lies in the lack of such information, resulting in the adoption of sound decisions which have contributed to the deterioration of the environment rather than addressed. In total, 180 questionnaires were distributed and 155 returned. Through analysis, the study came to the most important results that there were no statistically significant differences between the arithmetic average of the possibility of measuring the environment cost of disclosure, and the study also recommends the allocation of the budget to preserve and protect the environment and the budget of social cost, the development of accounting methods in order to provide environmental information to make sound decisions to exploit these resources.

Environmental accounting: Theoretical review and research prospects

This paper is based on the ecological and harmonious development concept of ecological civilization, and combines economic development, environmental governance and accounting research as the basis for the development of environmental accounting theory. In order to analyze the relevant theories of environmental accounting development at home and abroad, we use the historical measurement research and hierarchical division methods to systematiccally review the theoretical literatures and research progress. It is concluded that:(1) The development of foreign environmental accounting focuses on the formulation of industry norms, the interpretation of regulations and policies, and the organization of the overall structural framework. Relevant environmental costs, environmental accounting, uncertainties and environmental accounting information disclosure throughout the study of Western environmental accounting. The theory is applied to practice and tested in the free market.(2) Domestic related research is mostly based on comprehensive considerations. It started late. Although the overall environmental accounting framework is basically formed and related laws and regulations are gradually improved, there are still some: the environmental accounting subsystem is not clear, and the accounting standards are not unified. Through the combing of domestic and international environmental accounting theories and combining with China's actual national conditions, this paper proposes that in the field of environmental accounting, China needs to further improve relevant legal norms, improve the environmental accounting theory system, clarify the field of environmental accounting research, and determine environmental accounting requirements and methods.

Research on environmental accounting information disclosure for thermal power enterprises in China： Current situation, countermeasure and implement way

Along with the unceasing expansion of the human society production and the economic activity scale, the influence and harm of the social economy to the global environment is more and more serious. As one of the high-polluting industries in China, the environment problems of the thermal power enterprises attract attention from the country and society. It is crucial for the country to improve the laws and regulations about the disclosure of environmental accounting information gradually, and the thermal power enterprises should also disclose more valuable environmental accounting information to the public. This paper analyzes and elaborates the current situation, countermeasure and implement way of the environmental accounting information disclosure systematically.

Research on the Status of China＇s Environmental Accounting

Despite the worldwide environmental accounting research has been going on for a very long time, but so far, China＇s research on environmental accounting is still in its infancy, and hasn＇t not form a complete, scientific, feasible accounting system. This article describes the basic theory of environmental accounting, the current situation and problems of the development of China＇s environment accounting, analyzes the causes, finally, put forward some suggestions on the development of China＇s environmental accounting.

Research on Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure of Listed Company under Low Carbon Economy

Since entering into the new century,domestic society develops rapidly,a variety of advanced ideas are constantly introduced into our country,the awakening of people’s ideology also makes the society develop greatly.Low carbon economy is a new economic concept,which is the need of achieving sustainable development of society,and the requirements of the times.With the development of economy,more and more domestic listed companies appear.In listed companies,there are still many problems and shortcomings in the disclosure of environmental accounting information,which need improving constantly.This paper mainly studies the problems of environmental accounting information disclosure of listed companies in low carbon economy,and puts forward some specific suggestions and measures,to promote the development of listed companies.

Research on the Environmental Factors Causing Accounting Differences Between China and Foreign Countries

The official release of China’s new accounting standards has realized the convergence of its accounting standards and international accounting practices.However,affected by factors such as the economic environment,political environment,social culture,law,and tax system,there are still some differences between China’s accounting standards and international accounting standards,which will have a certain impact on the realization of the integration of accounting standards.Therefore,this paper analyzes the environmental factors of accounting differences between China and foreign countries,as well as explores specific measures to reduce the accounting differences between China and foreign countries,aiming to provide some useful references and promote the internationalization of China’s accounting standards.

Impact of an official accountability audit on industrial structure adjustment:a case study of environmental regulation in China

As a unique environmental regulation in China,the official accountability audit was piloted in 2014.With a focus on prioritizing the ecological environment,officials in pilot districts have implemented economic construction,adjusted industrial structures,and promoted coordinated development between the economy and environment.The effects of implementation have garnered widespread attention from society.However,there is limited research on the impact of an accountability audit on industrial structure adjustments.Using the“Accountability Audit of Officials for Natural Resource Assets(Trial)”released in 2015 as a quasi-natural experiment,this study collected panel data from 279 cities between 2013 and 2017.It then empirically analyzed the impact mechanism and effects of the accountability audit on industrial structure adjustment using the Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Differences model.The research findings indicate that the accountability audit directly impacted industrial structure adjustment,promoting the upgrading of the primary industry to the secondary industry and restricting the development of the tertiary industry.In addition,the audit is beneficial for enterprise entry,but not conducive to technological innovation,and has no significant impact on foreign direct investment.This conclusion fills a gap in the existing research and provides valuable insights for policymakers.

From EBIT to SEBIT(Sustainable EBIT):Sustainable Performance Accounting(SPA)Using the Example of CO_(2) Accounting

Corporate sustainability reporting has become increasingly important in recent years.However,conventional approaches reach their limits when it comes to quantifying and measuring the actual sustainability performance of a company.This article presents a new approach:Sustainable Performance Accounting(SPA),which is based on an extension of bookkeeping by including ESG bookkeeping.SPA enables companies to systematically measure and manage their sustainability performance.The article provides an overview of the basics of SPA methodology and uses a comprehensive example showing how SPA can be implemented in practice.The article is aimed at interested readers from science and practice as well as decision-makers who are interested in future-oriented sustainability reporting.

Unsuspected implications arising from assumptions in simulations: insights from recasting a forest growth model in system dynamics

Background:Familiarity with a simulation platform can seduce modellers into accepting untested assumptions for convenience of implementation.These assumptions may have consequences greater than commonly suspected,and it is important that modellers remain mindful of assumptions and remain diligent with sensitivity testing.Methods:Familiarity with a technique can lead to complacency,and alternative approaches and software can reveal untested assumptions.Visual modelling environments based on system dynamics may help to make critical assumptions more evident by offering an accessible visual overview and empowering a focus on representational rather than computational efficiency.This capacity is illustrated using a cohort-based forest growth model developed for mixed species forest.Results:The alternative model implementation revealed that untested assumptions in the original model could have substantial influence on simulated outcomes.Conclusions:An important implication is that modellers should remain conscious of all assumptions,consider alternative implementations that reveal assumptions more clearly,and conduct sensitivity tests to inform decisions.

An analysis on the connotation and necessity for ecological accounting

With mankind＇s paying more attention to eco-environment, traditional accounting has not been adapted itself to the implementation of eco-economy management activities. Therefore, it is necessary and inevitable for ecological accounting to enter into the research field of accounting. The article comprehensively researches the identification and interpretation of connotation for ecological accounting and the necessity of implementing ecological accounting in China.

Study on the environmental information disclosure of Chinese forestry enterprises

Environmental accounting is a kind of accounting which focuses on the compensation for the resources spending. It combines the theories of environmental economics and traditional accounting and uses scientific as well as systematic ways to coordinate the development of economics and the protection of environment. It is just in the primary process for forestry enterprises in China to introduce the research and practice of environmental accounting. Based on discussion about the principle of environmental information disclosure and analysis on the current situation of the environmental information disclosure of the forestry enterprises, this paper attempted to propose that the supplementary report mode of information disclosure should be appropriate for the forestry enterprises, which provide the balance sheet of environment, the income statement of environment besides the original three financial report to reflect the general environmental information of the enterprise.

Enhancing Sustainability in Forestry Using Material Flow Cost Accounting

Forestry is an applied science related to the sustainable management of natural resources. Many scientific disciplines influence forest science including ecology, economics and other social sciences. In this paper, it is proposed to promote the sustainable management of forest resources using a method coming from the Environmental Management Accounting discipline. The method is Material Flow Cost Accounting, which assists managers to recognize material and energy inefficiencies in production processes and create cost savings for the organization. Through a study of the methodology and using forestry examples, it is shown that Material Flow Cost Accounting can be a useful tool for forest managers, either in Public Forest Service, or other forestry organizations.

Corporate Risk Strategic Management and Probabilistic Analysis Related to Environmental Liabilities: A Case Study

Environmental stewardship is one of the main indicators of corporate performance and reputation among investors today. However, historical operational practices and accidents have created significant environmental liabilities in the industrial sector, and now require significant investments for appropriate management and resolution. A strategic approach is imperative to assure that company’s financial resources are effectively allocated, and shareholders’ interests are protected. In addition, these liabilities must be appropriately and continuously reported, which require the use of robust forecasting techniques such as Monte Carlo Simulation. The present study results demonstrate that under an optimized strategic approach, liability management costs may be reduced in approximately 50%. In addition, the financial forecast under the selected approach may support appropriate reporting of company’s liabilities.

Some of the Conventional Accounting Concepts That Are Not in Accordance With the Paradigm of Islamic Accounting

This paper discusses some of the conventional accounting concepts, such as historical cost concept, conservatism concept, matching concept, objectivity concept, stable monetary unit assumption, and going-concern assumption, which are not in accordance with the Islamic accounting paradigm due to their divergence with some verses of the Holy AI-Qur＇an, the Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him （pbuh）, and the basic of Zakat calculation. This is a conceptual paper describing some of the conventional accounting concepts that are not in accordance with the paradigm of Islamic accounting. The paper concludes that the historical cost concept can be replaced by： current cash equivalent concept, historical cost and current value concepts （market selling price）, current cost concept, historical cost concept in all （except for Zakat purposes） accounting calculations, current valuation concept, and fair value concept. Conservatism concept must be eliminated if historical cost concept is not used anymore. Matching concept can be replaced by asset-liability approach concept. Objectivity concept can be replaced by Zakat accountability concept. Stability of the monetary unit assumption can be replaced by gold or silver measurement, or Dirham currency, and going-concern assumption must be eliminated.

Exploring the Vietnamese Environment Accounting With an Introduction About the Green Accounting Information System

Environment is one of the significant factors to the people and our life, because it is fundamentally joined to everything we require for human beings to subsist. Many fields in the society are influenced by the environment. For these reasons, the Vietnamese government issued the Law on Environmental Protection Tax in 2010 to prove this essential matter. Therefore, the organizations have utilized their tools to record the related transactions into the journals for taking an interest in the nature conditions for substantial development. Based on the accounting aspects, Vietnam has no theories about the environment accounting. Hence, this article will provide some basic information and a general picture of the green accounting information system in the environmental condition. Moreover, this paper will analyze the relationship between the environment and company＇s output by applying the environmental management system （EMS） in the accounting system. However, this paper only provides the overall contents about the environment accounting in Vietnam and this limitation will present this problem for further articles.

Linking Accounting/Auditing Environment and the Remittances of Africans in Diaspora

This paper investigates empirically the link between the inflow of Diasporas remittances and the environment of accounting/auditing in 10 African countries. The result using Spearman＇s rank correlation indicates the existence of a positive relationship （correlation coefficient rs is 0.36）, but the strength of the relationship is weak （significant level of 0.05）. The quality of accounting and auditing as represented by their environment is a stimulus that could enhance the inflow of Diasporas remittances. The study therefore recommends that African countries should strategically and proactively refocus attention on developing accounting/auditing environment in order to attract reasonable volume of remittances.