International Environmental Agreements （IEAs） are a form of cooperation ratified by countries which can improve the management of shared environmental resources. The authors analyze the stability of International Ea...International Environmental Agreements （IEAs） are a form of cooperation ratified by countries which can improve the management of shared environmental resources. The authors analyze the stability of International Eavironmental Agreements in leadership model. In 2006, Diamantoudi ＆ Sartzetakis found that a stable coalition consists of either 2, 3, or 4 members if the number of countries is greater than 4. Their model is reconsidered. It is shown that the size of stable IEAs decreases from 3 to 2 when the total number of countries involved increases. However, a situation that can guarantee 4 to be the size of stable IEAs could not be found.展开更多
This paper analyzes the introduction of environmental taxes in the EU and Netherlands and their effects on agriculture, with a special focus on the background of the introduction of environmental tax systems, their de...This paper analyzes the introduction of environmental taxes in the EU and Netherlands and their effects on agriculture, with a special focus on the background of the introduction of environmental tax systems, their design concepts and effects on agriculture, the effects of fertilizer taxes in promoting sustainable agriculture, policy packages between environmental tax and environmental agreements, effects on globalization and global competitiveness, and conversion to renewable energy based on biomass resources.展开更多
Glasgow Climate Conference concluded the negotiation on implementing rules for Paris Agreement and adopted the Glasgow Climate Pact.Based on practices under the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol,Paris Agreement enhanced g...Glasgow Climate Conference concluded the negotiation on implementing rules for Paris Agreement and adopted the Glasgow Climate Pact.Based on practices under the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol,Paris Agreement enhanced global climate change governance.Paris Agreement established a system centered around‘nationally determined contributions’(NDCs)of Parties,with a transparency framework to ensure information flow running the system,meanwhile facilitating implementation by Parties through the mechanism on facilitation and compliance,as well as urging Parties to enhance ambition both at individual level and aggregate level through the mechanism on Global Stocktake.By doing so,it is logical that the system would lead to the achievement of the goal set by Paris Agreement.However,the system stil faces significant deficiency,such as lack of information timeliness,intransparency of some necessary information,hypothesis-based but not solution-based decision-making,and lack of effective assurance for developing countries to get finance and technology support.It is concluded that this system is beneficial to long-term climate change policy decision and tracking progress of actions,while for shor-term decision-making,more comprehensive consideration is needed than only based on the mechanisms of and outcomes from the system.International society should pay more attention to the progress of implementation,as well as ambition of various support provided to developing countries,than only the ambition of mitigation target numbers.展开更多
基金The research is supported by Centre interuniversitaire de RECHERCHE en economie quantitative (CIREQ).
文摘International Environmental Agreements （IEAs） are a form of cooperation ratified by countries which can improve the management of shared environmental resources. The authors analyze the stability of International Eavironmental Agreements in leadership model. In 2006, Diamantoudi ＆ Sartzetakis found that a stable coalition consists of either 2, 3, or 4 members if the number of countries is greater than 4. Their model is reconsidered. It is shown that the size of stable IEAs decreases from 3 to 2 when the total number of countries involved increases. However, a situation that can guarantee 4 to be the size of stable IEAs could not be found.
文摘This paper analyzes the introduction of environmental taxes in the EU and Netherlands and their effects on agriculture, with a special focus on the background of the introduction of environmental tax systems, their design concepts and effects on agriculture, the effects of fertilizer taxes in promoting sustainable agriculture, policy packages between environmental tax and environmental agreements, effects on globalization and global competitiveness, and conversion to renewable energy based on biomass resources.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017YFA0605301)the National Social Science Fund of China(21AZDO63).
文摘Glasgow Climate Conference concluded the negotiation on implementing rules for Paris Agreement and adopted the Glasgow Climate Pact.Based on practices under the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol,Paris Agreement enhanced global climate change governance.Paris Agreement established a system centered around‘nationally determined contributions’(NDCs)of Parties,with a transparency framework to ensure information flow running the system,meanwhile facilitating implementation by Parties through the mechanism on facilitation and compliance,as well as urging Parties to enhance ambition both at individual level and aggregate level through the mechanism on Global Stocktake.By doing so,it is logical that the system would lead to the achievement of the goal set by Paris Agreement.However,the system stil faces significant deficiency,such as lack of information timeliness,intransparency of some necessary information,hypothesis-based but not solution-based decision-making,and lack of effective assurance for developing countries to get finance and technology support.It is concluded that this system is beneficial to long-term climate change policy decision and tracking progress of actions,while for shor-term decision-making,more comprehensive consideration is needed than only based on the mechanisms of and outcomes from the system.International society should pay more attention to the progress of implementation,as well as ambition of various support provided to developing countries,than only the ambition of mitigation target numbers.
