Multi-indicator assessment of water environment in government environmental auditing

This study focused on a multi-indicator assessment methodology for governmental environmental auditing of water protection programs. The environmental status of Wuli Lake in China was assessed using the global indicators （driver-status-response） developed by the Commission on Sustainable Development, and four additional indicators proposed by the author： water quality, pollution load, aquatic ecosystem status, and lake sediment deposition. Various hydrological, chemical, biological and environmental parameters were used to estimate the values of the indicators for assessment of environmental status of the lake based on time series data sets for twenty years. The indicators proposed can be customized to meeting the needs for particular assessment of water protection programs. This method can be used to evaluate the performance of national environmental protection programs and provide technical support for environmental auditors.

A Brief Discussion of Audit Risks and Their Causes

As a crucial supervisory department overseeing economic operations,the audit department plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the healthy development of the country’s economy,exposing corruption,and effectively maintaining social and economic peace and stability.The work of auditing involves detecting existing issues,providing remedies,and consistently contributing to national governance.However,as the market economic environment undergoes continuous changes,legal systems advance,and the audit environment becomes more complex,audit risks have gradually gained prominence.The prevention of audit risks has increasingly captured the attention of audit agencies at all levels.This necessitates audit institutions to continually adapt to new challenges,comprehend risks,and exert effective control over them.This article delves into the causes of audit risks,exploring ways to effectively identify and respond to these risks within a complex and ever-changing environment.The objective is to ensure the objectivity and accuracy of audit reports,allowing the audit function to truly serve as an“immune”system,protecting public interests.

Evaluation of Effluent Discharge from Steel Manufacturing Industries on the Proliferating Environmental Degradation in Nairobi Metropolitan in the Republic of Kenya

The overall objective of this study was to establish the effects of steel industrial effluent on Nairobi metropolitan water system and its impact to the society. The study sought to identify various types of wastes produced by factories, assess how the waste generated is managed and disposed, examine the effects of effluent discharge on Nairobi River and finally propose mitigation measures. The research adopted a qualitative design and employed a number of methods: direct observations, document reviews to content analysis of the past studies, which in the end generated invaluable data. The study revealed that there are four categories of waste generated: solid waste, liquid waste, footbath chemicals as well as thermal wastes. It was also found that waste management in place was not effective enough leading to water and soil pollution. Other causes of pollution were found out to emanate from gasses contamination to the air and chemicals used during steel processing. The findings will inform the community of the harmful effects of untreated water and how it impacts on their health and productivity. It will also help the stakeholders in the environmental conservation to articulate issues of policy and influence agenda setting in the national and sub-national levels.