Rural development is a broad and meaningful concept. It means not only economic growth butalso changes towards a better direction in economic structure , social structure , relation between human soci-ety and environm...Rural development is a broad and meaningful concept. It means not only economic growth butalso changes towards a better direction in economic structure , social structure , relation between human soci-ety and environment, and even political structure. Present development should not damage the environmentbut leave the same or an improved natural resource endowment as a bequest to the future. This is the devel-opment with environmental sustainability. In this paper the characteristics of rural development were reex-amined, and what environmental sustainability means and how to measure it were explicitly presented. Prac-tical approaches for achieving environmental sustainability were also given with some cases from China.展开更多
We assessed genetic and environmental effectson bone development of the hand and wrist, andon key anthropometric measures in Chinese youngtwins. In total, 139 monozygotic and 95 dizygotictwin pairs aged from 5 to 18 y...We assessed genetic and environmental effectson bone development of the hand and wrist, andon key anthropometric measures in Chinese youngtwins. In total, 139 monozygotic and 95 dizygotictwin pairs aged from 5 to 18 years were recruited.The twin correlations of total hand and wrist scoresfor monozygotic （MZ） and dizygotic （DZ） twins were0.71 and 0.36, respectively. Bivariate modelanalysis showed moderate genetic correlations onlyfor total skeletal maturity vs. weight and totalskeletal maturity vs. waist circumference （r, 0.51and 0.46, respectively）. Our findings demonstratedthat genetic factors played important roles in bonedevelopment of the hand and wrist in Chineseyoung twins, and that these genetic effects mightbe distinct from those influencing anthropometricmeasures.展开更多
1. China’s environmental problems 1) Serious water pollution. Water is most indispensable to people’s life. Contaminated water will seriously affect people’s normal life and cause environmental degradation, putting...1. China’s environmental problems 1) Serious water pollution. Water is most indispensable to people’s life. Contaminated water will seriously affect people’s normal life and cause environmental degradation, putting people in the danger of catching various diseases. Therefore, everyone should save water and make full use of it. However, in China, water pollution is getting worse. China has abun-展开更多
Energy saving,emission reduction and economic development are major issues China has to meet in building a harmonious society.On one hand,China should pursue a sustainable,fast and sound economic development,on the ot...Energy saving,emission reduction and economic development are major issues China has to meet in building a harmonious society.On one hand,China should pursue a sustainable,fast and sound economic development,on the other hand,she should try to decrease the overuse of energy resources and the environ- mental problems caused by the rapid economic growth. In this regard,on June 24,the Standing Committee of National People's Congress deliberated the draft of Energy Saving Law,according to which China is to take"resources saving"as a basic national policy.This is a key issue to the long-term benefits of China.With relevant questions,China's Foreign Trade interviewed Dr, Yonglong L(?),Secretary-general,Chinese Committee for SCOPE(Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment/ICSU).and Research Professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Let's listen to Dr.L(?)'s comments with wisdom.展开更多
Environmental fights are im- portant fights that have been written into fundamental hu- man rights since the 1970s. With economic globalization and sci- entific and technological progress, it is more and more importan...Environmental fights are im- portant fights that have been written into fundamental hu- man rights since the 1970s. With economic globalization and sci- entific and technological progress, it is more and more important to educate and protect environmental rights world- wide. As a large developing country, China has significant responsibilities in the field of global environmental safety. However, the awareness and status of environmental rights protection are still not suited to people＇s demands for environmental rights, making it an important task to carry out scientific planning and environmental rights edu- cation and improve citizens＇ enjoyment of environmental rights. We propose to start from defining the constitutional status of environmental rights and pro- mote the education and protection of environmental rights at the same time, so as to enhance mutual influence and contribute to creating a good environ- ment for mankind.展开更多
Managing waste has been an aged-old challenge, especially in developing cities, like the Freetown Metropolitan City. Solid Waste and/or waste in general is an artefact of human activities that can spring from individu...Managing waste has been an aged-old challenge, especially in developing cities, like the Freetown Metropolitan City. Solid Waste and/or waste in general is an artefact of human activities that can spring from individuals, families, community, commercial/industrial operations etc. This study is a qualitative investigation, and it is intended to gather an inclusive knowledge of solid wastes management for better public health in Freetown, the Capital City of Sierra Leone. Statistical analysis was employed to observe numerical representations on a wide range of selected data. In an attempt to achieve the aim of this research project, reviews of available online resources were exploited, and juxtaposed with everyday knowledge in the existing state of the Freetown’s municipality solid waste management. The study revealed that residents in Freetown produce an average 0.45 kg of solid waste per individual per day. It was further established that biodegradable/organic matters comprise approximately 75% to 85% of total waste stream along with assorted retired furniture, scarp metals and plastic bags as most important recyclable elements. The hitches connected with municipal solid waste management in Freetown have become palpable, spanning from the past decade to date. Among many other factors, an upsurge influx urbanisation after the 11 years brutal civil war that ended in 2001, combine up with insufficient approved dumping sites for waste disposal and institutional incapability stand out. In this project, the contemporary approach of solid waste disposal in Freetown was carefully assessed with efforts to bring out the most feasible alternatives of solid waste disposal and acclaim ways of refining its activities. It was concluded from the study that, solid wastes in the Freetown Municipality must be tackled in a synergetic approach. That is, government corroborating with private solid waste managing actors so as to enhance an excellent better-public health, sustainable environmental, urban economic development and a resourceful energy paradigm.展开更多
This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it poi...This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.展开更多
At birth the piglet＇s immune system is immature and it is dependent upon passive maternal protection until weaning.The piglet＇s mucosal immune system develops over the first few weeks but has not reached maturity at...At birth the piglet＇s immune system is immature and it is dependent upon passive maternal protection until weaning.The piglet＇s mucosal immune system develops over the first few weeks but has not reached maturity at weaning ages which are common on commercial farms. At weaning piglets are presented with a vast and diverse range of microbial and dietary/environmental antigens. Their ability to distinguish between antigens and mount a protective response to potential pathogens and to develop tolerance to dietary antigens is critical to their survival and failure to do so is reflected in the high incidence of morbidity and mortality in the post-weaning period. A growing recognition that the widespread use of antibiotics to control infection during this critical period should be controlled has led to detailed studies of those factors which drive the development of the mucosal immune system, the role of gut microbiota in driving this process, the origin of the bacteria that colonise the young piglet＇s intestine and the impact of rearing environment. This review briefly describes how the mucosal immune system is equipped to respond ＂appropriately＂ to antigenic challenge and the programmed sequence by which it develops. The results of studies on the critical interplay between the host immune system and gut microbiota are discussed along with the effects of rearing environment. By comparing these with results from human studies on the development of allergies in children, an approach to promote an earlier maturation of the piglet immune system to resist the challenges of weaning are outlined.展开更多
The Center for RESDS is an R&D body for comprehensive study under the joint sponsorship of the CAS Nanjing Branch,Nanjing University and Hehai University, all being research and educational institutions in the vic...The Center for RESDS is an R&D body for comprehensive study under the joint sponsorship of the CAS Nanjing Branch,Nanjing University and Hehai University, all being research and educational institutions in the vicinity of Nanjing. The Center’s headquarters are the CAS Nanjing Branch. The Center’s objective is to answer the challenge posed by the 21st century and serve the economic reconstruction across the land by marrying campuses with research institutes so that the center might grow into展开更多
The participants in the Symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Develo-ping Countries, cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Federation of Asian Scientific Academies & Societies...The participants in the Symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Develo-ping Countries, cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Federation of Asian Scientific Academies & Societies (FASAS), held in Beijing, China, on 1-4 November 1989.展开更多
The development of small and micro-sized enterprises is of vital significance for the steady and rapid social economy. In recent years, the developing environment for the small and micro-sized enterprises in Hubei pro...The development of small and micro-sized enterprises is of vital significance for the steady and rapid social economy. In recent years, the developing environment for the small and micro-sized enterprises in Hubei province has become increasingly severe, and the problems such as high management cost, high taxes and fees, financing difficulties, and labor shortages of the small and micro-sized enterprises have been more obvious, so that the further development, transformation, and upgrading of the small and micro-sized enterprises are severely restricted. In order to promote the development of the small and micro-sized enterprises, the developing environment for the small and micro-sized enterprises should be further optimized, the tax environment for supporting the development of the small and micro-sized enterprises should be well improved, the financing system should be promoted to be sound, the industrial structure should be actively adjusted, and also the development quality should be increased.展开更多
The symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Developing Countries, orga-nized and financed by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Federation of Asian Scientific Academics and Societies (FASTS) and suppor...The symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Developing Countries, orga-nized and financed by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Federation of Asian Scientific Academics and Societies (FASTS) and supported by American Association for the Advance-ment of Science (AAAS) and the UNEP Regional representative has held on November 2-4 in Beijing, China.展开更多
＂Environmental Impact Assessment Law of P. R. China＂ was promulgated on Oct. 28^th, 2002 and has been put into effect on Sep 1^th, 2003. This paper puts forward some important factors which restrict the development ...＂Environmental Impact Assessment Law of P. R. China＂ was promulgated on Oct. 28^th, 2002 and has been put into effect on Sep 1^th, 2003. This paper puts forward some important factors which restrict the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment according to the preliminary practices of SEA in China. These restricting factors are： （1） potential resistance from some departments; （2） poor cooperation between different departments; （3） limited availability of information resources （4） lack of well-developed SEA methods; （5） difficulties in public participation. The primary thought to solve these problems were proposed at policy and technique level.展开更多
Green Enterprises are a modernized enterprise mode. The paper analyzes the internal stable mechanism and motive system for the sustainable development of green enterprises in three aspects： environment, culture and i...Green Enterprises are a modernized enterprise mode. The paper analyzes the internal stable mechanism and motive system for the sustainable development of green enterprises in three aspects： environment, culture and innovation. The paper discusses the three subsystems respectively in the light of green enterprises. The green innovation is not a static and stable system, but is always in a dynamic state of nonequilibrium, where the existing order is broken. Meanwhile, the great reaction of the green innovation on environment also brings about a great advance in the sustainable development of green enterprises.展开更多
文摘Rural development is a broad and meaningful concept. It means not only economic growth butalso changes towards a better direction in economic structure , social structure , relation between human soci-ety and environment, and even political structure. Present development should not damage the environmentbut leave the same or an improved natural resource endowment as a bequest to the future. This is the devel-opment with environmental sustainability. In this paper the characteristics of rural development were reex-amined, and what environmental sustainability means and how to measure it were explicitly presented. Prac-tical approaches for achieving environmental sustainability were also given with some cases from China.
文摘We assessed genetic and environmental effectson bone development of the hand and wrist, andon key anthropometric measures in Chinese youngtwins. In total, 139 monozygotic and 95 dizygotictwin pairs aged from 5 to 18 years were recruited.The twin correlations of total hand and wrist scoresfor monozygotic （MZ） and dizygotic （DZ） twins were0.71 and 0.36, respectively. Bivariate modelanalysis showed moderate genetic correlations onlyfor total skeletal maturity vs. weight and totalskeletal maturity vs. waist circumference （r, 0.51and 0.46, respectively）. Our findings demonstratedthat genetic factors played important roles in bonedevelopment of the hand and wrist in Chineseyoung twins, and that these genetic effects mightbe distinct from those influencing anthropometricmeasures.
文摘1. China’s environmental problems 1) Serious water pollution. Water is most indispensable to people’s life. Contaminated water will seriously affect people’s normal life and cause environmental degradation, putting people in the danger of catching various diseases. Therefore, everyone should save water and make full use of it. However, in China, water pollution is getting worse. China has abun-
文摘Energy saving,emission reduction and economic development are major issues China has to meet in building a harmonious society.On one hand,China should pursue a sustainable,fast and sound economic development,on the other hand,she should try to decrease the overuse of energy resources and the environ- mental problems caused by the rapid economic growth. In this regard,on June 24,the Standing Committee of National People's Congress deliberated the draft of Energy Saving Law,according to which China is to take"resources saving"as a basic national policy.This is a key issue to the long-term benefits of China.With relevant questions,China's Foreign Trade interviewed Dr, Yonglong L(?),Secretary-general,Chinese Committee for SCOPE(Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment/ICSU).and Research Professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Let's listen to Dr.L(?)'s comments with wisdom.
文摘Environmental fights are im- portant fights that have been written into fundamental hu- man rights since the 1970s. With economic globalization and sci- entific and technological progress, it is more and more important to educate and protect environmental rights world- wide. As a large developing country, China has significant responsibilities in the field of global environmental safety. However, the awareness and status of environmental rights protection are still not suited to people＇s demands for environmental rights, making it an important task to carry out scientific planning and environmental rights edu- cation and improve citizens＇ enjoyment of environmental rights. We propose to start from defining the constitutional status of environmental rights and pro- mote the education and protection of environmental rights at the same time, so as to enhance mutual influence and contribute to creating a good environ- ment for mankind.
文摘Managing waste has been an aged-old challenge, especially in developing cities, like the Freetown Metropolitan City. Solid Waste and/or waste in general is an artefact of human activities that can spring from individuals, families, community, commercial/industrial operations etc. This study is a qualitative investigation, and it is intended to gather an inclusive knowledge of solid wastes management for better public health in Freetown, the Capital City of Sierra Leone. Statistical analysis was employed to observe numerical representations on a wide range of selected data. In an attempt to achieve the aim of this research project, reviews of available online resources were exploited, and juxtaposed with everyday knowledge in the existing state of the Freetown’s municipality solid waste management. The study revealed that residents in Freetown produce an average 0.45 kg of solid waste per individual per day. It was further established that biodegradable/organic matters comprise approximately 75% to 85% of total waste stream along with assorted retired furniture, scarp metals and plastic bags as most important recyclable elements. The hitches connected with municipal solid waste management in Freetown have become palpable, spanning from the past decade to date. Among many other factors, an upsurge influx urbanisation after the 11 years brutal civil war that ended in 2001, combine up with insufficient approved dumping sites for waste disposal and institutional incapability stand out. In this project, the contemporary approach of solid waste disposal in Freetown was carefully assessed with efforts to bring out the most feasible alternatives of solid waste disposal and acclaim ways of refining its activities. It was concluded from the study that, solid wastes in the Freetown Municipality must be tackled in a synergetic approach. That is, government corroborating with private solid waste managing actors so as to enhance an excellent better-public health, sustainable environmental, urban economic development and a resourceful energy paradigm.
文摘This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.
文摘At birth the piglet＇s immune system is immature and it is dependent upon passive maternal protection until weaning.The piglet＇s mucosal immune system develops over the first few weeks but has not reached maturity at weaning ages which are common on commercial farms. At weaning piglets are presented with a vast and diverse range of microbial and dietary/environmental antigens. Their ability to distinguish between antigens and mount a protective response to potential pathogens and to develop tolerance to dietary antigens is critical to their survival and failure to do so is reflected in the high incidence of morbidity and mortality in the post-weaning period. A growing recognition that the widespread use of antibiotics to control infection during this critical period should be controlled has led to detailed studies of those factors which drive the development of the mucosal immune system, the role of gut microbiota in driving this process, the origin of the bacteria that colonise the young piglet＇s intestine and the impact of rearing environment. This review briefly describes how the mucosal immune system is equipped to respond ＂appropriately＂ to antigenic challenge and the programmed sequence by which it develops. The results of studies on the critical interplay between the host immune system and gut microbiota are discussed along with the effects of rearing environment. By comparing these with results from human studies on the development of allergies in children, an approach to promote an earlier maturation of the piglet immune system to resist the challenges of weaning are outlined.
文摘The Center for RESDS is an R&D body for comprehensive study under the joint sponsorship of the CAS Nanjing Branch,Nanjing University and Hehai University, all being research and educational institutions in the vicinity of Nanjing. The Center’s headquarters are the CAS Nanjing Branch. The Center’s objective is to answer the challenge posed by the 21st century and serve the economic reconstruction across the land by marrying campuses with research institutes so that the center might grow into
文摘The participants in the Symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Develo-ping Countries, cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Federation of Asian Scientific Academies & Societies (FASAS), held in Beijing, China, on 1-4 November 1989.
文摘The development of small and micro-sized enterprises is of vital significance for the steady and rapid social economy. In recent years, the developing environment for the small and micro-sized enterprises in Hubei province has become increasingly severe, and the problems such as high management cost, high taxes and fees, financing difficulties, and labor shortages of the small and micro-sized enterprises have been more obvious, so that the further development, transformation, and upgrading of the small and micro-sized enterprises are severely restricted. In order to promote the development of the small and micro-sized enterprises, the developing environment for the small and micro-sized enterprises should be further optimized, the tax environment for supporting the development of the small and micro-sized enterprises should be well improved, the financing system should be promoted to be sound, the industrial structure should be actively adjusted, and also the development quality should be increased.
文摘The symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Developing Countries, orga-nized and financed by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Federation of Asian Scientific Academics and Societies (FASTS) and supported by American Association for the Advance-ment of Science (AAAS) and the UNEP Regional representative has held on November 2-4 in Beijing, China.
文摘＂Environmental Impact Assessment Law of P. R. China＂ was promulgated on Oct. 28^th, 2002 and has been put into effect on Sep 1^th, 2003. This paper puts forward some important factors which restrict the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment according to the preliminary practices of SEA in China. These restricting factors are： （1） potential resistance from some departments; （2） poor cooperation between different departments; （3） limited availability of information resources （4） lack of well-developed SEA methods; （5） difficulties in public participation. The primary thought to solve these problems were proposed at policy and technique level.
文摘Green Enterprises are a modernized enterprise mode. The paper analyzes the internal stable mechanism and motive system for the sustainable development of green enterprises in three aspects： environment, culture and innovation. The paper discusses the three subsystems respectively in the light of green enterprises. The green innovation is not a static and stable system, but is always in a dynamic state of nonequilibrium, where the existing order is broken. Meanwhile, the great reaction of the green innovation on environment also brings about a great advance in the sustainable development of green enterprises.
