In this work,we designed and synthesized a novel naphthalenediimide-based n-type conjugated polymer PNDICI,which bears asymmetric backbone containing a 3-chlorothiophene unit.The asymmetric structure associated with s...In this work,we designed and synthesized a novel naphthalenediimide-based n-type conjugated polymer PNDICI,which bears asymmetric backbone containing a 3-chlorothiophene unit.The asymmetric structure associated with steric effects of the chlorine atom imparts remarkable solubility to PNDICI in various organic solvents,enabling the fabrication of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)by using an environmentally friendly solvent of d-limonene.Combined with a novel pyrrolo[3,4-f]benzotriazole-5,7(6H)-dione based p-type conjugated polymer P2F-Si with deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level,the resulting d-limonene-processed all-PSCs presents an impressively high open-circuit voltage of approaching 1.0 V,corresponding to a very small energy loss of 0.49 eV.Through further morphology optimization by usingγ-valerolactone,we demonstrated an impressive device efficiency of 4.2%,which is among the best photovoltaic performance of devices processed using d-limonene and comparable to that processed by conventional solvent,suggesting the great promise of using greener solvent for fabricating high-performance all-PSCs.展开更多
Bioavailability is a critical factor for assessing the environmental risk of organic pollutants in soil. In this study, extractions with 3 different solvents, including 2 aqueous solutions, calcium chloride(CaCl_2) an...Bioavailability is a critical factor for assessing the environmental risk of organic pollutants in soil. In this study, extractions with 3 different solvents, including 2 aqueous solutions, calcium chloride(CaCl_2) and a phosphate buffer solution(PBS), and a mixture of aqueous solution and organic solvent, a PBS-methanol(8:2,volume/volume) mixture(PBS-M), were performed to assess the bioavailability of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil in comparison to a battery of toxicity tests in wheat seedlings. The results indicated that the peroxidase(POD) activity in wheat leaves after 7 d of exposure was one of the sensitive biomarkers of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil.The extractability of chlorimuron-ethyl by all the 3 solvents decreased with exposure time, and the rate of decrease of the PBS-M extraction between 1 and 7 d of exposure was substantially higher than those of the aqueous solution extractions. Chlorimuron-ethyl gradually changed from a water-soluble form into a soil organic matter(SOM)-bound form in the soil. The PBS extraction correlated best with the POD activity in the leaves after 7 d of exposure.展开更多
基金Science Foundation of China(Nos.21822505,21905103)Dongguan Science and Technology Bureau(Nos.2018607201002,2019622163009)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030302007).
文摘In this work,we designed and synthesized a novel naphthalenediimide-based n-type conjugated polymer PNDICI,which bears asymmetric backbone containing a 3-chlorothiophene unit.The asymmetric structure associated with steric effects of the chlorine atom imparts remarkable solubility to PNDICI in various organic solvents,enabling the fabrication of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)by using an environmentally friendly solvent of d-limonene.Combined with a novel pyrrolo[3,4-f]benzotriazole-5,7(6H)-dione based p-type conjugated polymer P2F-Si with deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level,the resulting d-limonene-processed all-PSCs presents an impressively high open-circuit voltage of approaching 1.0 V,corresponding to a very small energy loss of 0.49 eV.Through further morphology optimization by usingγ-valerolactone,we demonstrated an impressive device efficiency of 4.2%,which is among the best photovoltaic performance of devices processed using d-limonene and comparable to that processed by conventional solvent,suggesting the great promise of using greener solvent for fabricating high-performance all-PSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41401565,41201520 and 20807046)
文摘Bioavailability is a critical factor for assessing the environmental risk of organic pollutants in soil. In this study, extractions with 3 different solvents, including 2 aqueous solutions, calcium chloride(CaCl_2) and a phosphate buffer solution(PBS), and a mixture of aqueous solution and organic solvent, a PBS-methanol(8:2,volume/volume) mixture(PBS-M), were performed to assess the bioavailability of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil in comparison to a battery of toxicity tests in wheat seedlings. The results indicated that the peroxidase(POD) activity in wheat leaves after 7 d of exposure was one of the sensitive biomarkers of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil.The extractability of chlorimuron-ethyl by all the 3 solvents decreased with exposure time, and the rate of decrease of the PBS-M extraction between 1 and 7 d of exposure was substantially higher than those of the aqueous solution extractions. Chlorimuron-ethyl gradually changed from a water-soluble form into a soil organic matter(SOM)-bound form in the soil. The PBS extraction correlated best with the POD activity in the leaves after 7 d of exposure.
