This article will briefly outline the origins,structure and functions of United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development in the context of the goals of ecologically sustainable develop...This article will briefly outline the origins,structure and functions of United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development in the context of the goals of ecologically sustainable development(ESD).Economic development,social development and environmental protection form the three interconnected parts of ESD.The achievements of the key UN environmental institutions and programs in opening up the global system to civil society,the private sector and a diversity of actors and interests,promoting the role of poverty alleviation as part of ESD through the Millennium Development Goals,and facilitating important Multilateral Environmental Agreements should be recognized.However,with these notable exceptions,organizations such as United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development have become weak in scientific and technical leadership,global policy,co-ordination(inside and outside the UN) and has few achievements in the international and national implementation of obligations and standards in Global Environmental Governance-including enforcement,compliance and effectiveness.This article will outline the key reasons for this inadequacy.Attention will also be focused on the way forward through of a new United Nations Environment Organization.This will require a clarification of purpose and function(within the UN system and as part of global governance structures) as well as consideration of whether it depends on system-wide UN reform.It is recommended that medium and long term strategies for reform are necessary.展开更多
New technologies that take advantage of the emergence of massive Internet of Things(IoT)and a hyper-connected network environment have rapidly increased in recent years.These technologies are used in diverse environme...New technologies that take advantage of the emergence of massive Internet of Things(IoT)and a hyper-connected network environment have rapidly increased in recent years.These technologies are used in diverse environments,such as smart factories,digital healthcare,and smart grids,with increased security concerns.We intend to operate Security Orchestration,Automation and Response(SOAR)in various environments through new concept definitions as the need to detect and respond automatically to rapidly increasing security incidents without the intervention of security personnel has emerged.To facilitate the understanding of the security concern involved in this newly emerging area,we offer the definition of Internet of Blended Environment(IoBE)where various convergence environments are interconnected and the data analyzed in automation.We define Blended Threat(BT)as a security threat that exploits security vulnerabilities through various attack surfaces in the IoBE.We propose a novel SOAR-CUBE architecture to respond to security incidents with minimal human intervention by automating the BT response process.The Security Orchestration,Automation,and Response(SOAR)part of our architecture is used to link heterogeneous security technologies and the threat intelligence function that collects threat data and performs a correlation analysis of the data.SOAR is operated under Collaborative Units of Blended Environment(CUBE)which facilitates dynamic exchanges of data according to the environment applied to the IoBE by distributing and deploying security technologies for each BT type and dynamically combining them according to the cyber kill chain stage to minimize the damage and respond efficiently to BT.展开更多
1.设计思路语言学习应以应用为目标,着重培养学生的交际能力,并能解决实际的生活问题。在目前的英语教学里,教师一般会在同一堂课里进行'听'与'说'的技能训练,其中'听'是'说'的前提,'说'是'...1.设计思路语言学习应以应用为目标,着重培养学生的交际能力,并能解决实际的生活问题。在目前的英语教学里,教师一般会在同一堂课里进行'听'与'说'的技能训练,其中'听'是'说'的前提,'说'是'听'的延伸。在听说课里,听力策略和会话技巧是帮助学生实现交流目的和信息沟通的桥梁,这也是教学设计的重点。2.教材分析本课的内容是牛津英语9B Module 2 Unit 3 The environment的听说课。展开更多
This paper presents a hierarchical simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) system for a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) using the output of an inertial measurement unit(IMU) and the bearing-only observati...This paper presents a hierarchical simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) system for a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) using the output of an inertial measurement unit(IMU) and the bearing-only observations from an onboard monocular camera.A homography based approach is used to calculate the motion of the vehicle in 6 degrees of freedom by image feature match.This visual measurement is fused with the inertial outputs by an indirect extended Kalman filter(EKF) for attitude and velocity estimation.Then,another EKF is employed to estimate the position of the vehicle and the locations of the features in the map.Both simulations and experiments are carried out to test the performance of the proposed system.The result of the comparison with the referential global positioning system/inertial navigation system(GPS/INS) navigation indicates that the proposed SLAM can provide reliable and stable state estimation for small UAVs in GPS-denied environments.展开更多
Africa has experienced increasing aridity and higher frequency of droughts due to climate change during the half past century with possible adverse effects on agricultural production,especially in dry areas with low r...Africa has experienced increasing aridity and higher frequency of droughts due to climate change during the half past century with possible adverse effects on agricultural production,especially in dry areas with low rainfall.Under the auspices of the Africa Water Action Program between the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)and the United Nations Environment Program(UNEP),the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(SAAS-IAER)worked closely with domestic and overseas partners on technology transfer in Morocco,Zambia,Egypt,Niger and Ethiopia from 2008 to 2013.A drought early warning system has been established and validated,and drought adaptation technologies have been trialed,modified,demonstrated and extended in African countries,and this shows great potential to increase crop production,water and fertilizer use efficiency and desert control in rainfed areas of Africa.The project has continued for six years and is a successful case of technology transfer and capacity building in Africa.The knowledge and experience gained will be useful to researchers,technicians,aid agencies and policy makers who work on agricultural technology transfer for in dry areas of Africa.展开更多
文摘This article will briefly outline the origins,structure and functions of United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development in the context of the goals of ecologically sustainable development(ESD).Economic development,social development and environmental protection form the three interconnected parts of ESD.The achievements of the key UN environmental institutions and programs in opening up the global system to civil society,the private sector and a diversity of actors and interests,promoting the role of poverty alleviation as part of ESD through the Millennium Development Goals,and facilitating important Multilateral Environmental Agreements should be recognized.However,with these notable exceptions,organizations such as United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development have become weak in scientific and technical leadership,global policy,co-ordination(inside and outside the UN) and has few achievements in the international and national implementation of obligations and standards in Global Environmental Governance-including enforcement,compliance and effectiveness.This article will outline the key reasons for this inadequacy.Attention will also be focused on the way forward through of a new United Nations Environment Organization.This will require a clarification of purpose and function(within the UN system and as part of global governance structures) as well as consideration of whether it depends on system-wide UN reform.It is recommended that medium and long term strategies for reform are necessary.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2021R1A2C2011391)and was supported by the Ajou University research fund.
文摘New technologies that take advantage of the emergence of massive Internet of Things(IoT)and a hyper-connected network environment have rapidly increased in recent years.These technologies are used in diverse environments,such as smart factories,digital healthcare,and smart grids,with increased security concerns.We intend to operate Security Orchestration,Automation and Response(SOAR)in various environments through new concept definitions as the need to detect and respond automatically to rapidly increasing security incidents without the intervention of security personnel has emerged.To facilitate the understanding of the security concern involved in this newly emerging area,we offer the definition of Internet of Blended Environment(IoBE)where various convergence environments are interconnected and the data analyzed in automation.We define Blended Threat(BT)as a security threat that exploits security vulnerabilities through various attack surfaces in the IoBE.We propose a novel SOAR-CUBE architecture to respond to security incidents with minimal human intervention by automating the BT response process.The Security Orchestration,Automation,and Response(SOAR)part of our architecture is used to link heterogeneous security technologies and the threat intelligence function that collects threat data and performs a correlation analysis of the data.SOAR is operated under Collaborative Units of Blended Environment(CUBE)which facilitates dynamic exchanges of data according to the environment applied to the IoBE by distributing and deploying security technologies for each BT type and dynamically combining them according to the cyber kill chain stage to minimize the damage and respond efficiently to BT.
文摘1.设计思路语言学习应以应用为目标,着重培养学生的交际能力,并能解决实际的生活问题。在目前的英语教学里,教师一般会在同一堂课里进行'听'与'说'的技能训练,其中'听'是'说'的前提,'说'是'听'的延伸。在听说课里,听力策略和会话技巧是帮助学生实现交流目的和信息沟通的桥梁,这也是教学设计的重点。2.教材分析本课的内容是牛津英语9B Module 2 Unit 3 The environment的听说课。
基金supported by National High Technology Research Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2011AA040202)National Science Foundation of China (No.51005008)
文摘This paper presents a hierarchical simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) system for a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) using the output of an inertial measurement unit(IMU) and the bearing-only observations from an onboard monocular camera.A homography based approach is used to calculate the motion of the vehicle in 6 degrees of freedom by image feature match.This visual measurement is fused with the inertial outputs by an indirect extended Kalman filter(EKF) for attitude and velocity estimation.Then,another EKF is employed to estimate the position of the vehicle and the locations of the features in the map.Both simulations and experiments are carried out to test the performance of the proposed system.The result of the comparison with the referential global positioning system/inertial navigation system(GPS/INS) navigation indicates that the proposed SLAM can provide reliable and stable state estimation for small UAVs in GPS-denied environments.
基金We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Technological Assistance Program of MOST to Developing Countries(KY201904003)the International Cooperation Program of Shanxi Key R&D Program(201903D421001)+2 种基金International Cooperation Program“Africa Water Action”between MOST and UNEP(2010DFA92860)Shanxi Key R&D Program(201803D221011-1)the S&T Innovation Program of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YCX2018DZYX16).
文摘Africa has experienced increasing aridity and higher frequency of droughts due to climate change during the half past century with possible adverse effects on agricultural production,especially in dry areas with low rainfall.Under the auspices of the Africa Water Action Program between the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)and the United Nations Environment Program(UNEP),the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(SAAS-IAER)worked closely with domestic and overseas partners on technology transfer in Morocco,Zambia,Egypt,Niger and Ethiopia from 2008 to 2013.A drought early warning system has been established and validated,and drought adaptation technologies have been trialed,modified,demonstrated and extended in African countries,and this shows great potential to increase crop production,water and fertilizer use efficiency and desert control in rainfed areas of Africa.The project has continued for six years and is a successful case of technology transfer and capacity building in Africa.The knowledge and experience gained will be useful to researchers,technicians,aid agencies and policy makers who work on agricultural technology transfer for in dry areas of Africa.